1
|
Antimicrobial Resistance of and Genomic Insights into Pasteurella multocida Strains Isolated from Australian Pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0378422. [PMID: 36651773 PMCID: PMC9927299 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Pasteurella multocida represents a significant economic threat to Australian pig producers, yet our knowledge of its antimicrobial susceptibilities is lagging, and genomic characterization of P. multocida strains associated with porcine lower respiratory disease is internationally scarce. This study utilized high-throughput robotics to phenotypically and genetically characterize an industry-wide collection of 252 clinical P. multocida isolates that were recovered between 2014 and 2019. Overall, antimicrobial resistance was found to be low, with clinical resistance below 1% for all tested antimicrobials except those from the tetracycline class. Five dominant sequence types, representing 64.8% of all isolates, were identified; they were disseminated across farms and had previously been detected in various animal hosts and countries. P. multocida in Australian farms remain controllable via current antimicrobial therapeutic protocols. The identification of highly dominant, interspecies-infecting strains provides insight into the epidemiology of the opportunistic pathogen, and it highlights a biosecurity threat to the Australian livestock industry. IMPORTANCE Pasteurellosis is rated by the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) as a high-impact disease in livestock. Although it is well understood in many host-disease contexts, our understanding of the organism in porcine respiratory disease is limited. Given its high frequency of involvement in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), it is important that we are aware of its antimicrobial susceptibilities so that we can respond quickly and appropriately with antimicrobial therapy. Genetic insights about the organism can help us to better understand its epidemiology and inform our biosecurity practices and prophylactic management.
Collapse
|
2
|
HD-13 Induces Swine Pneumonia Progression via Activation of TLR9. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8660752. [PMID: 35132333 PMCID: PMC8817872 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8660752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Swine pneumonia commonly known as swine pasteurellosis is an infectious disease of swine caused by Pasteurella multocida infection. It has been reported that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in swine pneumonia progression. However, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This research was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism by which TLR9 regulates swine pneumonia progression. Our findings illustrated that the HD-13 strain of Pasteurella multocida D (HD-13) accelerated TLR9 expression in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells; HD-13 activated the inflammatory response via accelerating TLR9 expression. Mechanistically, HD-13 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) signals. In conclusion, HD-13 may activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways via accelerating TLR9 expression, thereby accelerating the inflammatory response in the progression of swine pneumonia. TLR9 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for swine pneumonia. Our research may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of swine pneumonia.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine. EFSA J 2022; 19:e07113. [PMID: 34987628 PMCID: PMC8703240 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of pigs have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus suis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Glaeserella parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Trueperella pyogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Brachyspira pilosicoli has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli and B. hyodysenteriae with > 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Petrocchi-Rilo M, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Pérez-Fernández E, Vilaró A, Fraile L, Martínez-Martínez S. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Porcine Pasteurella multocida Are Not Associated with Its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090614. [PMID: 32957645 PMCID: PMC7557981 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-eight Pasteurella multocida isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from farms in “Castilla y León” (north-western Spain) in 2017–2019. These isolates were characterized for their minimal inhibition concentrations to twelve antimicrobial agents and for the appearance of eight resistance genes: tetA, tetB, blaROB1, blaTEM, ermA, ermC, mphE and msrE. Relevant resistance percentages were shown against tetracyclines (52.1% for doxycycline, 68.7% for oxytetracycline), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (43.7%) and tiamulin (25.0%), thus suggesting that P. multocida isolates were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, marbofloxacin and macrolides. Overall, 29.2% of isolates were resistant to more than two antimicrobials. The tetracycline resistance genes (tetA and tetB) were detected in 22.9% of the isolates, but none were positive to both simultaneously; blaROB1 and blaTEM genes were found in one third of isolates but both genes were detected simultaneously in only one isolate. The ermC gene was observed in 41.7% of isolates, a percentage that decreased to 22.9% for msrE; finally, ermA was harbored by 16.7% and mphE was not found in any of them. Six clusters were established based on hierarchical clustering analysis on antimicrobial susceptibility for the twelve antimicrobials. Generally, it was unable to foresee the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for each family and the association of each particular isolate inside the clusters established from the presence or absence of the resistance genes analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máximo Petrocchi-Rilo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad de León, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.P.-F.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - César-B. Gutiérrez-Martín
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad de León, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.P.-F.); (S.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-98729-1203
| | - Esther Pérez-Fernández
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad de León, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.P.-F.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Anna Vilaró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Sonia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Unidad de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad de León, s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.P.-F.); (S.M.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cuevas I, Carbonero A, Cano D, García-Bocanegra I, Amaro MÁ, Borge C. Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida type B isolates associated with acute septicemia in pigs and cattle in Spain. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:222. [PMID: 32605567 PMCID: PMC7325301 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pasteurella multocida is the etiological agent responsible for several diseases in a wide range of hosts around the world and thus, causes serious economic losses. Acute septicemia associated with capsular type B P. multocida has recently emerged in Europe and continuous outbreaks of these acute processes have been described in Spain since they were first detected in pigs in 2009 and cattle in 2015. The scarcity of studies on the antimicrobial susceptibility of this capsular type of P. multocida and growing concern about the general increase of antimicrobial resistance mean that studies related to the performance of type B P. multocida against antibiotics are necessary to establish accurate treatments and to monitor antimicrobial resistances. RESULTS Seventy-six isolates of P. multocida type B from pigs and cattle with acute septicemia were tested for susceptibility to 10 different antimicrobials. Bovine isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics we tested except for lincomycin (94.4% of isolates were resistant). However, the antimicrobials we tested were less effective against swine isolates, of which none were susceptible to lincomycin. Furthermore, 29.3% swine isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 27.6% to penicillin, 20.7% to oxytetracycline, 17.3% to chloramphenicol, 15.5% to gentamicin, and 3.4% to enrofloxacin; no resistance to ceftiofur was detected. No multidrug resistant isolates were detected from cattle, while 25.86% of swine isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the lower resistance rates and multidrug resistant isolates reported for P. multocida type B derived from cattle compared to those isolated from pigs may be related to the increased use of antibiotics in the porcine industry in Spain. Lincomycin is not recommended for the treatment of acute septicemia in pigs or cattle, rather, the use of ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, or gentamicin is indicated as an emergency treatment in the early stages of disease; once the susceptibility results are known, the use of tetracyclines, penicillin, or chloramphenicol should be prioritized. The increase in multidrug resistant isolates and antimicrobial resistance rates indicates that more attention should be paid to prevention as well as the responsible use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Cuevas
- Department of Animal Health (AGR-149). Campus of International Agri-Food Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Carbonero
- Department of Animal Health (AGR-149). Campus of International Agri-Food Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Cano
- Department of Animal Health (AGR-149). Campus of International Agri-Food Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Department of Animal Health (AGR-149). Campus of International Agri-Food Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Ángel Amaro
- Department of Bromatology. Campus of International Agri-Food Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Borge
- Department of Animal Health (AGR-149). Campus of International Agri-Food Excellence CeiA3, University of Córdoba, Rabanales University Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vu-Khac H, Trinh TTH, Nguyen TTG, Nguyen XT, Nguyen TT. Prevalence of virulence factor, antibiotic resistance, and serotype genes of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs in Vietnam. Vet World 2020; 13:896-904. [PMID: 32636585 PMCID: PMC7311876 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.896-904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characterization of the Pasteurella multocida isolates from suspected pigs in Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 83 P. multocida strains were isolated from lung samples and nasal swabs collected from pigs associated with pneumonia, progressive atrophic rhinitis, or reproductive and respiratory symptoms. Isolates were subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for capsular typing, detection of virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance genes by PCR. The antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of the isolates were tested by disk diffusion method. RESULTS All the isolates 83/83 (100%) were identified as P. multocida by PCR: serogroup A was obtained from 40/83 (48.19%), serogroup D was detected from 24/83 strains (28.91%), and serogroup B was found in 19/83 (22.35%) isolates. The presence of 14 virulence genes was reported including adhesins group (ptfA - 93.97%, pfhA - 93.97%, and fimA - 90.36%), iron acquisition (exbB - 100%, and exbD - 85.54%), hyaluronidase (pmHAS - 84.33%), and protectins (ompA - 56.62%, ompH 68.67%, and oma87 - 100%). The dermonecrotoxin toxA had low prevalence (19.28%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were the drugs most likely active against P. multocida while amoxicillin and tetracycline were inactive. The usage of PCR revealed that 63/83 isolates were carrying at least one of the drug resistance genes. CONCLUSION Unlike other parts of the word, serotype B was prevalent among Vietnamese porcine P. multocida strains. The high antibiotic resistance detected among these isolates gives us an alert about the current state of imprudent antibiotic usage in controlling the pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Vu-Khac
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
| | - T. T. Hang Trinh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
| | - T. T. Giang Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
| | - X. Truong Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|