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Wang X, Xiang P, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang J, Wu H, Wang X. Retrospective analysis of forensic toxicology data from 2021 to identify patterns of various forensic cases. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 347:111683. [PMID: 37068373 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowing and analyzing the characteristics and trends of forensic toxicology cases in a certain area is particularly important for a local government to establish an effective prevention and control system. The purpose of this work was to summarize data from forensic toxicology cases received by the Academy of Forensic Sciences (AFS) in 2021. METHODS As requested by the police or according to the details of cases, samples were systematically screened or analyzed by various methods. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify medicinal drugs, drugs of abuse, pesticides, poison gases, etc. RESULTS: AFS received a total of 17,758 cases in 2021, of which 314 cases underwent autopsy. The main cause of death was sudden death, and the manner of death was mainly accident. Among 13,744 drug abuse cases, the number of positive cases was 1721, with a positive rate of 12.5%, and synthetic cannabinoids were the most frequently detected substances. In 3640 traffic cases, 85.3% of drivers were suspected of drunk driving. In 103 poisoning cases, hydrogen sulfide poisoning and pesticide suicide account for a large proportion. In drug-facilitated crimes, zolpidem was the most frequently tested component. In 55 case of dog poisonings, the main poisons were cyanides and succinylcholine, and the main poisoning tools were poisonous baits and poisonous syringe darts. CONCLUSIONS This study profiles the toxicological characteristics of forensic toxicological cases conducted at the AFS in 2021 and provides a scientific basis for poisoning cases and drug abuse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Zhang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejian Wu
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China.
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Biancardi A, Aimo C, Piazza P, Lo Chiano F, Rubini S, Baldini E, Vertuani S, Manfredini S. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Reversible Inhibitors: The Role of Oxamyl in the Production of Poisoned Baits. TOXICS 2022; 10:432. [PMID: 36006110 PMCID: PMC9412330 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxamyl is a highly toxic carbamate molecule with toxicological risk from contamination, used as an insecticide, nematicide, and acaricide on many field crops, vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals. Suspected poisoned animals and baits were collected between January 2018 and August 2021 from Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions and analyzed at the chemical toxicology laboratory of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, located in Brescia. The analyses were carried out by an ion trap GC-MS system in 2467 suspected samples and showed the presence of oxamyl in 67 of these. In this study, we analyzed 47 (out of 67) positive baits: the provinces in which more cases have been recorded are Mantua, Ferrara, and Cremona, which overall had 72% of positivity. The nature of the analyzed samples was mostly corn (55.3%), followed by bird carcasses (19.1%), apples (14.8%), meatballs (2.1%), bread (2.1%), and other (8.5%). The use of oxamyl to produce poisoned baits is constantly increasing, proving that it must be considered as a public health risk for the possible consequences on target and non-target organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Biancardi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Cristina Aimo
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Pierluigi Piazza
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (C.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Federica Lo Chiano
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Via Modena 483, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.L.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Silva Rubini
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Via Modena 483, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (F.L.C.); (S.R.)
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Science, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Science, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Science, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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Mahjoub T, Krafft E, Garnier L, Mignard A, Hugnet C, Lefebvre S, Fourel I, Benoit E, Lattard V. Asymptomatic Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure in Dogs and Cats—A French and Belgian Rural and Urban Areas Study. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:907892. [PMID: 35647575 PMCID: PMC9131000 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.907892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are important tools for controlling rodent pests, but they also pose a health threat to non-target species. ARs are one of the most common causes of pet poisoning. However, exposure of domestic animals to subclinical doses of ARs is poorly documented. To study the random exposure of dogs and cats to ARs, feces from animals showing no clinical signs of rodenticide poisoning were collected from a network of French and Belgian veterinarians. We analyzed fresh feces from 304 dogs and 289 cats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This study showed a limited prevalence of AR exposure in dogs and cats of 2.6 and 4.5% respectively. In both species, access to the outdoors is a risk factor for ARs exposure. In contrast, the sex of the animals did not affect the ARs exposure status. The observation of the ratio of cis and trans isomers suggested primary exposure in dogs, but also in some cats. While primary exposure in dogs appears to be related to the use of ARs as plant protection products, primary exposure in cats may be malicious, as warfarin, an anticoagulant formerly used as a rodenticide and now used only in humans, was found in 4 of 13 exposed cats. Secondary exposure may also occur in cats.Our study showed reduced exposure in dogs and cats, compared to wildlife, which often has high exposure, especially in areas where rodent control is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Mahjoub
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Biochemistry, University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Emilie Krafft
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Léa Garnier
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Mignard
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Fourel
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Virginie Lattard,
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