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Franco-Martínez L, Pardo-Marín L, Sánchez-Mateos L, Muñoz-Prieto A, García-Martínez JD, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Rubio CP, Tvarijonaviciute A. Serum Ferritin in Obese Dogs: Changes and Comparison with Other Analytes. Vet Sci 2023; 10:457. [PMID: 37505862 PMCID: PMC10383353 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine obesity is the most common nutritional disorder and is associated with decreased quality of life and longevity as well as comorbidities including cardiorespiratory, endocrine, oncologic, or orthopaedic disorders. Ferritin is a major acute-phase protein in dogs, increasing during inflammation; however, it could also be affected by other conditions, including trauma, iron metabolism dysregulations, neoplasia, or hypoxia. Higher ferritin levels have been reported in obese humans, but ferritin has not been explored in canine obesity. To evaluate the possible changes in serum ferritin in canine obesity, ferritin levels from lean/normal weight (CG, n = 55) and overweight/obese dogs (OG, n = 37) were measured, together with complete hemogram and biochemical analyses. Statistically significant higher ferritin levels (1.2-fold) were found in OG (median, (interquartile range), 204 (166-227.5) µg/L) in comparison to CG animals (172 (137-210) µg/L)), with median levels of ferritin in OG dogs above the reference range for healthy animals in our laboratory (60-190 µg/L). In addition, statistically significant higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total proteins, globulins, haptoglobin, total ferric fixation capacity (TIBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), triglycerides, and calcium were observed in OG in comparison to CG. The higher levels in ferritin, together with higher TBIC, haematocrit, and MCV, could indicate tissue hypoxia in obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Moorepark Animal and Grassland Research Center, Teagasc, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Luis Pardo-Marín
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Diego García-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Camila P Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Ruminant Animals: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes excreted by rumen microbiome facilitate the conversion of ingested plant materials into major nutrients (e.g., volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial proteins) required for animal growth. Diet, animal age, and health affect the structure of the rumen microbial community. Pathogenic organisms in the rumen negatively affect fermentation processes in favor of energy loss and animal deprivation of nutrients in ingested feed. Drawing from the ban on antibiotic use during the last decade, the livestock industry has been focused on increasing rumen microbial nutrient supply to ruminants through the use of natural supplements that are capable of promoting the activity of beneficial rumen microflora. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral commonly used as a supplement to regulate animal metabolism. However, a clear understanding of its effects on rumen microbial composition and rumen fermentation is not available. This review summarized the available literature for the effects of Se on specific rumen microorganisms along with consequences for rumen fermentation and digestibility. Some positive effects on total VFA, the molar proportion of propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ruminal NH3-N, pH, enzymatic activity, ruminal microbiome composition, and digestibility were recorded. Because Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) were more effective than other forms of Se, more studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of synthetic SeNPs and lactic acid bacteria enriched with sodium selenite as a biological source of SeNPs and probiotics. Future studies also need to evaluate the effect of dietary Se on methane emissions.
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