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Grzywa R, Łupicka-Słowik A, Sieńczyk M. IgYs: on her majesty's secret service. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199427. [PMID: 37377972 PMCID: PMC10291628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing interest in using Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as an alternative to "classical" antimicrobials. Unlike traditional antibiotics, they can be utilized on a continual basis without leading to the development of resistance. The veterinary IgY antibody market is growing because of the demand for minimal antibiotic use in animal production. IgY antibodies are not as strong as antibiotics for treating infections, but they work well as preventative agents and are natural, nontoxic, and easy to produce. They can be administered orally and are well tolerated, even by young animals. Unlike antibiotics, oral IgY supplements support the microbiome that plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, including immune system function. IgY formulations can be delivered as egg yolk powder and do not require extensive purification. Lipids in IgY supplements improve antibody stability in the digestive tract. Given this, using IgY antibodies as an alternative to antimicrobials has garnered interest. In this review, we will examine their antibacterial potential.
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Use of adjuvant ISA VG 71 to produce neutralizing egg yolk antibodies against bothropic venom. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1947-1957. [PMID: 36723703 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of egg yolk antibodies-IgY technology-represents an alternative to the production of mammalian immunoglobulins and has several advantages regarding animal welfare and lower costs of production. The use of adjuvants to achieve the hyperimmunization of laying hens plays a key role in the success of the production of high levels of the antibodies. In the present work, two different adjuvant systems (Freund's adjuvants and MontanideTM ISA 71 VG) were compared to produce IgY anti-Bothrops alternatus. For the first immunization, formalin-inactivated Salmonella was added to MontanideTM ISA 71 VG to emulate Freund's complete adjuvant which includes a mycobacteria antigen. After eight immunizations, IgY produced by using either adjuvant was able to neutralize the lethal activity of the venom in a mouse model, but differences were found regarding the recognition of components of the venom between the two adjuvants tested. Overall, MontanideTM adjuvant used in this work could be a good alternative choice to produce antibodies capable of neutralizing the lethality of complex antigens. This adjuvant is commercially available and used in the formulation of several poultry vaccines and could be used for the IgY technology instead of traditional immunomodulators such as Freund's adjuvants. Key points • IgY extracts recognized major components of the venom.• Avidity indexes of the IgY extracts increased after the successive immunizations.• IgY obtained by two adjuvant systems neutralized the lethal activity of the venom.
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Mohammadkhani F, Mousavi Gargari SL, Nazarian S, Mafi M. Protective effects of anti-CfaB-EtpA-LTB IgY antibody against adherence and toxicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6994376. [PMID: 36662123 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Production of IgY antibodies against CfaB-EtpA-LTB (CEL) chimeric protein and evaluation of its protective effects against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) by in vivo and in vitro investigation. METHODS AND RESULTS Indirect ELISA and immunoblotting methods were applied to assess the immunogenicity and specificity of IgYs and also to evaluate the efficacy of IgYs in binding prevention and neutralizing the heat-labile (LT) toxin of ETEC bacteria. The results indicated that the anti-CEL IgY at a concentration of 2 mg ml-1 could decrease the bacterial adhesion to HT-29 cells by 74% compared to the control group.At a concentration of 750 μg ml-1, the IgY antibody managed to neutralize the disruptive LT toxin effect on the Y1 cell line. At a concentration of 2 mg ml-1, 81% reduction was observed in the fluid accumulation in the ileal loop assay. CONCLUSION According to our findings, passive immunotherapy with anti-CEL IgY can prevent bacterial colonization and toxicity, thus facilitating in controlling the enteric diseases caused by ETEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, 1651155017, Iran
| | - Maryam Mafi
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
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Artman C, Idegwu N, Brumfield KD, Lai K, Hauta S, Falzarano D, Parreño V, Yuan L, Geyer JD, Goepp JG. Feasibility of Polyclonal Avian Immunoglobulins (IgY) as Prophylaxis against Human Norovirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112371. [PMID: 36366469 PMCID: PMC9698945 DOI: 10.3390/v14112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading viral cause of diarrhea, with GII.4 as the predominant genotype of HuNoV outbreaks globally. However, new genogroup variants emerge periodically, complicating the development of anti-HuNoV vaccines; other prophylactic or therapeutic medications specifically for HuNoV disease are lacking. Passive immunization using oral anti-HuNoV antibodies may be a rational alternative. Here, we explore the feasibility of using avian immunoglobulins (IgY) for preventing HuNoV infection in vitro in a human intestinal enteroid (HIE) model. METHODS Hens were immunized with virus-like particles (VLP) of a GII.4 HuNoV strain (GII.4/CHDC2094/1974/US) by intramuscular injection. The resulting IgY was evaluated for inhibition of binding to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) and viral neutralization against representative GII.4 and GII.6 clinical isolates, using an HIE model. RESULTS IgY titers were detected by three weeks following initial immunization, persisting at levels of 1:221 (1:2,097,152) from 9 weeks to 23 weeks. Anti-HuNoV IgY significantly (p < 0.05) blocked VLP adhesion to HBGA up to 1:12,048 dilution (0.005 mg/mL), and significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited replication of HuNoV GII.4[P16] Sydney 2012 in HIEs up to 1:128 dilution (0.08 mg/mL). Neutralization was not detected against genotype GII.6. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the feasibility of IgY for preventing infection of HIE by HuNoV GII.4. Clinical preparations should cover multiple circulating HuNoV genotypes for comprehensive effects. Plans for animal studies are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Artman
- Scaled Microbiomics, LLC, Hagerstown, MD 21740, USA
| | | | - Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park Campus, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park Campus, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ken Lai
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Shirley Hauta
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- INCUINTA, IVIT, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA, Argentina), Buenos Aires 1712, Argentina
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - James D. Geyer
- Institute for Rural Health Research, College of Community Health Science, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Julius G. Goepp
- Scaled Microbiomics, LLC, Hagerstown, MD 21740, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-585-820-9937
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5
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Karachaliou CE, Vassilakopoulou V, Livaniou E. IgY technology: Methods for developing and evaluating avian immunoglobulins for the in vitro detection of biomolecules. World J Methodol 2021; 11:243-262. [PMID: 34631482 PMCID: PMC8472547 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i5.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term “IgY technology” was introduced in the literature in the mid 1990s to describe a procedure involving immunization of avian species, mainly laying hens and consequent isolation of the polyclonal IgYs from the “immune” egg yolk (thus avoiding bleeding and animal stress). IgYs have been applied to various fields of medicine and biotechnology. The present article will deal with specific aspects of IgY technology, focusing on the currently reported methods for developing, isolating, evaluating and storing polyclonal IgYs. Other topics such as current information on isolation protocols or evaluation of IgYs from different avian species are also discussed. Specific advantages of IgY technology (e.g., novel antibody specificities that may emerge via the avian immune system) will also be discussed. Recent in vitro applications of polyclonal egg yolk-derived IgYs to the field of disease diagnosis in human and veterinary medicine through in vitro immunodetection of target biomolecules will be presented. Moreover, ethical aspects associated with animal well-being as well as new promising approaches that are relevant to the original IgY technology (e.g., development of monoclonal IgYs and IgY-like antibodies through the phage display technique or in transgenic chickens) and future prospects in the area will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Vyronia Vassilakopoulou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens 15310, Greece
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Ahmadi TS, Mousavi Gargari SL, Talei D. Anti-flagellin IgY antibodies protect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in both acute pneumonia and burn wound murine models in a non-type-specific mode. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:118-127. [PMID: 34130152 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most dominant causes of nosocomial infections in burn patients. Increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains highlights the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Flagellin, the main component protein of flagellum, is determined as the major antigen interacting with anti-P. aeruginosa IgY antibodies. The current study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potency of IgY antibodies raised against recombinant type A, and B flagellins. The immunogenicity and specificity of IgY antibodies were confirmed through indirect ELISA and western blot analysis, respectively. Anti-flagellin IgYs reduced the motility, biofilm formation and invasion potency of both strains. The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of bacteria was increased upon IgY treatment, and in vitro opsonophagocytosis assay confirmed the high protective potency of specific antibodies via polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-augmented bacterial cell killing. The protective efficacy of IgYs was also studied in both acute pneumonia and burn wound murine models. Anti-flagellin B-IgY induced 100 % and 40 % protection against laboratory, and hospital strains in burn wound model, respectively. Protection in acute pneumonia against all strains was 100 %. Anti-flagellin A-IgY failed to protect mice in burn wound model, but provided 100 % protection against all strains in acute pneumonia challenge. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments confirmed the dose-dependent and non-type specific essence of anti-flagellin IgY antibodies, providing the benefit of covering all strain types in a dose dependent manner. Our findings provide evidence that anti-flagellin IgY antibodies qualify as novel economical therapeutic option against PA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Sadat Ahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Daryush Talei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Bustos CP, Leiva CL, Gambarotta M, Guida N, Chacana PA. In vitro Inhibitory Activity of IgY Antibodies Against Salmonella Ser. Newport Isolated from Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 103:103657. [PMID: 34281640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Equine salmonellosis is caused by several Salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella Newport, which cause enterocolitis and diarrhea. Treatment usually includes the administration of antibiotics. However, since multidrug-resistant Salmonella is commonly detected, alternative options to control the pathogen are needed. One of these options is the use of specific egg yolk antibodies (IgY) for passive immunotherapy. Thus, the aim of our work was to produce IgY antibodies against an equine S. Newport strain and assess their in vitro inhibitory activity. To this end, laying hens were immunized with an inactivated S. Newport strain by using either Freund's or Montanide adjuvant and egg yolk extracts were obtained. The levels of specific IgY antibodies against Salmonella in sera and egg extracts were determined by dot-blot and microagglutination. Besides, the IgY extracts were characterized by total protein analysis, SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, and inhibition of bacterial motility. IgY extracts showed high purity (87.7 to 91.8 %), high microagglutination titers, and the ability to inhibit the motility of the bacterium. The results using Montanide were similar to those using the traditional Freund's adjuvant. Thus, Montanide may also be a good adjuvant to produce IgY. IgY-technology represents a potential tool for the control of salmonellosis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla P Bustos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.
| | - Carlos L Leiva
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Mariana Gambarotta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Bioestadística, Argentina
| | - Nora Guida
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Chacana
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Leiva CL, Geoghegan P, Lammer M, Cangelosi A, Mariconda V, Celi AB, Brero ML, Chacana P. In vivo neutralization of bee venom lethality by IgY antibodies. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:183-190. [PMID: 33930713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bee venom is a complex mixture of molecules, among which melittin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are the toxic components involved in envenoming accidents with multiple honeybee stings. Traditionally, the treatment of envenomings has been based on the administration of specific antibodies to neutralize the deleterious effects of toxins. An alternative to mammalian polyclonal antibodies is the use of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) due to their advantages regarding animal welfare and lower costs of production as compared to the conventional production methods. In this work, a novel composition containing specific IgY antibodies was developed. After four immunizations, IgY extracted from the egg yolks was able to recognize several components of the bee venom, including melittin and PLA2. The performance of IgY to neutralize the lethal activity was evaluated in a mouse model by using one median lethal dose (LD50) of the bee venom. The effective dose of the IgY extract was determined as 30.66 μg/mg. These results demonstrate the feasibility to produce IgY-based antivenoms to treat envenomings by multiple bee stings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leónidas Leiva
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Geoghegan
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lammer
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Cangelosi
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Virginia Mariconda
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Ana Beatriz Celi
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Luisa Brero
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez, Sarsfield 563, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Chacana
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Gardnerella vaginalis Vaginolysin (VLY)-Derived MAP8 Peptide (VLY-MAP8) Induced the Production of Egg Yolk IgY Antibodies that Inhibit Erythrocytes Lysis. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Taheri F, Nazarian S, Ahmadi TS, Gargari SLM. Protective effects of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgYs) developed against recombinant immunogens CtxB, OmpW and TcpA on infant mice infected with Vibrio cholerae. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hatamihanza H, Alavi SE, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H, Akbarzadeh A. Preparation, Characterization and Immunostimulatory Effects of CRD2 and CRD3 from TNF Receptor-1 Encapsulated into Pegylated Liposomal Nanoparticles. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Hawksworth D. Advancing Freund's and AddaVax Adjuvant Regimens Using CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2018; 37:195-199. [PMID: 30281392 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2018.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant can play an important role in vaccine formulation by aiding in the development of a robust immune response. In our hybridoma development work, we typically use both Freund's and AddaVax™ adjuvant regimens for mouse immunizations. While we have repeatedly shown success with our protocols, we continually seek to improve upon the titer and affinity of the serum antibody response. To that end, we evaluated the use of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA), a B cell stimulant, in our adjuvant regimens. Mice were immunized using our standard Freund's protocol (Adjulite Complete Freund's Adjuvant for the primary immunization followed by Adjulite Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (AIFA) for all additional immunizations) or a test protocol using AIFA supplemented with CpG-DNA for all immunizations. A second group of mice were immunized with antigen emulsified in AddaVax adjuvant alone or AddaVax supplemented with CpG-DNA. Our results show a trend toward a higher titer response when CpG-DNA was used with either adjuvant. In addition, AIFA+CpG-DNA mice trended toward a higher relative affinity versus mice immunized using our standard Freund's methodology. Additional antigens will need to be studied to determine whether these observations are limited to the proteins (antigens) studied or whether this is a generalized response to any immunogen.
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Makert GR, Vorbrüggen S, Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Voss M, Sohn K, Buschmann T, Ulbert S. A method to identify protein antigens of Dermanyssus gallinae for the protection of birds from poultry mites. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2705-13. [PMID: 27026505 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM) Dermanyssus gallinae causes high economic losses and is among the most important parasites in poultry farming worldwide. Different chemical, physical, and biological strategies try to control the expansion of PRM. However, effective solutions to this problem still have to be found. Here, we present a method for the development of an immunological control strategy, based on the identification of mite protein antigens which elicit antibodies with anti-mite activity in the immunized chicken. Hens were immunized with different PRM protein extracts formulated with two different adjuvants, and IgY-antibodies were isolated from the eggs. A PRM in vitro feeding assay which used chicken blood spiked with these IgY-preparations was used to detect antibodies which caused PRM mortality. In vitro feeding of mites with IgY isolated from hens immunized with PRM extract formulated with one of the adjuvants showed a statistically significant increase in the mortality as compared to control mites. After the separation of total PRM extracts in two-dimensional gels, several protein spots were recognized by such IgY preparations. Ten protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the identification of the corresponding proteins. Complete protein sequences were deduced from genomic and transcriptomic assemblies derived from high throughput sequencing of total PRM DNA and RNA. The results may contribute to the development of an immunological control strategy of D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Makert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Vorbrüggen
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Voss
- Lohmann Tierzucht GmbH, Am Seedeich 9-11, 27454, Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilo Buschmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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