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Lessard M, Talbot G, Bergeron N, Lo Verso L, Morissette B, Yergeau É, Matte JJ, Bissonnette N, Blais M, Gong J, Wang Q, Quessy S, Guay F. Weaning diet supplemented with health-promoting feed additives influences microbiota and immune response in piglets challenged with Salmonella. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 255:110533. [PMID: 36563567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of micronutrients and feed additives to modulate intestinal microbiota and systemic and mucosal immune responses in weaned pigs infected with Salmonella. At weaning, 32 litters of 12 piglets each were allocated to four dietary treatments: 1) control diet (CTRL), 2) CTRL supplemented with chlortetracycline (ATB), 3) CTRL supplemented with a cocktail of feed additives (CKTL); and 4) CKTL diet containing bovine colostrum in replacement of spray-dry animal plasma (CKTL+COL). The CKTL supplement included cranberry extract, encapsulated carvacrol and yeast-derived products and an enriched selenium and vitamin premix. Three weeks after weaning, four pigs per litter were orally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Half of them were euthanized 3 days post-infection (dpi) and the other half, 7 dpi. The expression of IL6, TNF, IL8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), IFNG, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) and β-defensin 2 (DEFB2) showed a peaked response at 3 dpi (P < 0.05). Results also revealed that DEFB2 expression was higher at 3 dpi in CTRL and CKTL groups than in ATB (P = 0.01 and 0.06, respectively) while GPX2 gene was markedly increased at 3 and 7 dpi in pigs fed CKTL or CKTL+COL diet compared to CTRL pigs (P < 0.05). In piglets fed CKTL or CKTL+COL diet, intestinal changes in microbial communities were less pronounced after exposure to Salmonella compared to CTRL and progressed faster toward the status before Salmonella challenge (AMOVA P < 0.01). Furthermore, the relative abundance of several families was either up- or down-regulated in pigs fed CKTL or CKTL+COL diet after Salmonella challenge. In conclusion, weaning diet enriched with bovine colostrum, vitamins and mixture of feed additives mitigated the influence of Salmonella infection on intestinal microbial populations and modulate systemic and intestinal immune defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lessard
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département de sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Nadia Bergeron
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Luca Lo Verso
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département de sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bruno Morissette
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Étienne Yergeau
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J Matte
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Mylène Blais
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada; Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Département de sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Effect of Feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 to Sows and Piglets on Piglets' Immune Response after Vaccination against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192513. [PMID: 36230255 PMCID: PMC9558961 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect that feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (LSB) to lactating sows and their progeny has on inflammatory response and mucosal immunity after vaccination against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Sixty-seven Danbred sows were allotted into two treatments when they entered the farrowing room seven days before the expected farrowing date: control (CON: lactation diet) and LSB (CON + 12 × 109 colony forming units (CFU)/d until weaning). At weaning, piglets were equally allotted into two experimental diets according to sow diet: control (CON: 2-phase post-weaning diets) and LSB (CON + 2 × 109 CFU/kg and 1 × 109 CFU/kg in phases 1 and 2, respectively). The piglets were vaccinated at days 26 and 49 post-weaning. Growth performance and number of IgA producing cells and cytokine’s gene expression in lung, lymph node, and intestine samples at day 70 post-weaning were assessed and analyzed in SPSS Statistics 26: performance with a general linear model with sex, room, sow diet, piglet diet, and their interactions as main effects, and immunity with a Kruskal−Wallis test for k unrelated samples. Piglets from LSB-fed sows displayed a higher average daily gain (ADG; p < 0.01) and a heavier body weight (BW; p < 0.05) during lactation, tended (p < 0.1) to be heavier at day 49, and to have a higher ADG between days 26 and 49; had fewer number of IgA producing cells in the lymph node (p < 0.05); and all the cytokines studied were significantly under-regulated (p < 0.05) in the lung. It is concluded that feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 to sows improved piglet performance during lactation and showed a clear reduction in the inflammatory status of the lungs after vaccination against A. pleuropneumoniae, suggesting that there was a maternal imprinting effect on mucosal protection and a cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the lung.
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López-Colom P, Yu K, Barba-Vidal E, Saco Y, Martín-Orúe SM, Castillejos L, Solà-Oriol D, Bassols A. I-FABP, Pig-MAP and TNF-α as biomarkers for monitoring gut-wall integrity in front of Salmonella Typhimurium and ETEC K88 infection in a weaned piglet model. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:426-432. [PMID: 31082572 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Having sensitive serum biomarkers able to determine the structural changes of the small intestine suffering from bacterial digestive diseases could be a valuable tool particularly in piglets at weaning, when intestinal infections are highly prevalent. We evaluated the usefulness of three inflammatory and gut-wall-integrity biomarkers to assess the degree of intestinal histo-morphological damage in piglets. Piglets were orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to get a variable range of response according to individual variability. Forty-eight piglets were challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium and seventy-two with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Clinical signs and faecal score were recorded. At Days 4 and 8 post-inoculation, blood was sampled, animals euthanised and distal ileum dissected. Morphological measures were obtained from the gut tissue, and serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), pig major acute-phase protein (Pig-MAP) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) were determined. Animals developed mild-to-severe diarrhoea after the challenge. When analysing the complete set of analytical results, a high correlation was found among the three serum biomarkers. The most representative morphological indicator was the villus:crypt ratio (V:C), which showed a strong negative correlation with all three biomarkers. Regression analyses between faecal score and the previous variable showed linear relations. When the range of V:C was analysed, based on the quartile distribution of each serum variable, a marked increase in their concentration was observed with greater villus damage. Summarising, the combination of I-FABP, Pig-MAP and TNF-α may be useful for determining the intestinal injury degree and barrier integrity in recently weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola López-Colom
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Kuai Yu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emili Barba-Vidal
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yolanda Saco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Susana M Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Animal and Food Science Department, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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