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Sahin-Tóth J, Albert E, Juhász A, Ghidán Á, Juhász J, Horváth A, Steward MC, Dobay O. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in wild hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and first report of mecC-MRSA in Hungary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152858. [PMID: 34995585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In 2011 mecC, a new mecA gene homologue, was described in a bovine isolate in the UK. Since then, mecC-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mecC-MRSA) has also been found in wild animals. An especially high prevalence of mecC-MRSA has been reported among hedgehogs in Sweden (64%) and Denmark (61%). Based on these findings we aimed to survey the hedgehog population for mecC-MRSA in Hungary. Altogether 200 hedgehogs were screened for Staphylococcus aureus using a culture-based method. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates to nine drugs was determined, their genetic relatedness was established by PFGE and spa-typing, and virulence genes were identified by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed for the single mecC-MRSA isolate found. Of the 200 animals, 13 were carriers of S. aureus (6.5%). Among these, one isolate was mecA positive and one was mecC positive. The isolates were susceptible to non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Toxin genes were not found, but the majority carried genes responsible for adhesion and biofilm production. The mecC-MRSA isolate was a single-locus variant of ST130, had a new spa type (t19701) and belonged to SCCmec type XI. It carried a recently described, novel exfoliative toxin (etE). This is the first report of mecC-MRSA in Hungary and the first survey of staphylococcus carriage among wild animals in the country. The mecC prevalence was much lower than in Northern European countries and rather similar to other countries in our region. MecC-MRSA could potentially emerge as a novel human pathogen, especially where close contact occurs between humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sahin-Tóth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Dóra major, HU-2225 Üllő, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Juhász
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ágoston Ghidán
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Juhász
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50/A, HU-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Horváth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin C Steward
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., HU-1089 Budapest, Hungary.
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Young S, Rohr JR, Harwood VJ. Vancomycin resistance plasmids affect persistence of Enterococcus faecium in water. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115069. [PMID: 31536887 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) cause 20,000 infections annually in the United States, most of which are nosocomial. Recent findings of VRE in sewage-contaminated surface waters demonstrate an alternate route of human exposure, and a possible setting for horizontal gene exchange facilitated by plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. Maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes and proteins may, however, present a fitness cost in the absence of selective pressure, particularly in habitats such as environmental waters that are not optimal for gut-associated bacteria. Nutrient levels, which are transiently elevated following sewage spills, may also affect survival. We tested the hypotheses that nutrients and/or plasmids conferring vancomycin resistance affect Enterococcus faecium survival in river water by measuring decay of strains that differed only by their plasmid, under natural and augmented nutrient conditions. In natural river water, decay rate (log10 reduction) correlated directly with plasmid size; however, plasmid presence and size had no effect on decay rate when nutrients levels were augmented. Under natural nutrient levels, the vancomycin-resistant strain with the largest plasmid (200 kb) decayed significantly more rapidly than the plasmid-less, susceptible parent strain, in contrast to similar decay rates among strains under augmented nutrient conditions. This work is among the first to show that plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance affect fitness of Enterococcus species in secondary habitats such as surface water. The nutrient-dependent nature of the fitness cost suggests that conveyance of VRE to environmental waters in nutrient-rich sewage may prolong survival of these pathogens, providing greater opportunity for host infection and/or horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Young
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Stępień-Pyśniak D, Hauschild T, Dec M, Marek A, Urban-Chmiel R. Clonal Structure and Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus spp. from Wild Birds in Poland. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1227-1237. [PMID: 31107150 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of 27 enterococci (Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus casseliflavus) isolated from wild bird species. Resistance to lincomycin was most common, followed by erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines, high level of aminoglycoside, and β-lactam antibiotics. No vancomycin- and chloramphenicol-resistant isolates were identified. The antibiotic resistance was linked to the tet(M), tet(L), erm(A), erm(B), msr(A/B), pbp5, ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa genes. Tn916/Tn1545-like transposons were detected. The high-level resistance to gentamicin was associated with the presence of gene aph(2″)-Id. All 18 E. faecium isolates were divided into 16 pulsotypes and 17 sequence types (STs), among which 7 STs were newly assigned (ST1266-ST1272). A majority of E. faecium isolates possess multilocus sequence typing profiles belonging to clonal complex 17 (CC17), the major epidemic lineage responsible for nosocomial infections. Two ST17 and newly described ST1267 and ST1271 (an SLV and DLV of ST17, respectively) of E. faecium isolates carried the type 1 allele of the housekeeping gene purK detected in hospital-related strains. Our results indicated that wild birds could be a source of resistant E. faecium isolates, belonging to CC17 and may represent a hazard to human health by transmission of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hauschild
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Dec
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marek
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Urban-Chmiel
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract
Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the intestinal tract in humans and many animals, including food-producing and companion animals. They can easily contaminate the food and the environment, entering the food chain. Moreover, Enterococcus is an important opportunistic pathogen, especially the species E. faecalis and E. faecium, causing a wide variety of infections. This microorganism not only contains intrinsic resistance mechanisms to several antimicrobial agents, but also has the capacity to acquire new mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. In this review we analyze the diversity of enterococcal species and their distribution in the intestinal tract of animals. Moreover, resistance mechanisms for different classes of antimicrobials of clinical relevance are reviewed, as well as the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterococci of animal origin, with special attention given to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid. The emergence of new antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin, such as optrA and cfr, is highlighted. The molecular epidemiology and the population structure of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in farm and companion animals is presented. Moreover, the types of plasmids that carry the antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci of animal origin are reviewed.
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Yang J, Yuan Y, Tang M, Liu L, Yang K, Liu J. Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:131-135. [PMID: 30597255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was based on 43 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) strains collected from clinical specimens. Susceptibility testing and resistance gene amplification revealed that these strains had multidrug resistance and all belonged to the VanA phenotype. Furthermore, there were seven ST types, and all belonged to the clonal complex (CC17); ST17 and ST78 were the main ST types. In particular, ST1392 and ST1394 are novel ST types first identified in this research. Genome analysis of SY1, LY19 and LY22 showed that tet(O)and tet(K) were the genes responsible for tetracycline resistance; acc(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia and aad(6) led to high-level gentamicin and high-level streptomycin resistance. At the same time, the genomic variation among the strains was large, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Neijiang First People's Hospital, Neijing City, 641000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Ben Yahia H, Chairat S, Hamdi N, Gharsa H, Ben Sallem R, Ceballos S, Torres C, Ben Slama K. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of faecal enterococci of wild birds: Emergence of vanA and vanB2 harbouring Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:936-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Oravcová V, Peixe L, Coque TM, Novais C, Francia MV, Literák I, Freitas AR. Wild corvid birds colonized with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium of human origin harbor epidemic vanA plasmids. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:125-133. [PMID: 29870913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent type of acquired vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is encoded by the vanA transposon Tn1546, mainly located on transferable plasmids. vanA plasmids have been characterized in VREfm from a variety of sources but not wild birds. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic context of VREfm strains recovered from wild corvid birds and to compare their plasmid and strain characteristics with human strains. To achieve that, 75 VREfm isolates, including strains from wild birds recovered during wide surveillance studies performed in Europe, Canada and the United States (2010-2013), and clinical and wastewater strains from Czech Republic, a region lacking data about vanA plasmids, were analysed. Their population structure, presence of major putative virulence markers and characterization of vanA transposons and plasmids were established. VREfm from wild birds were mainly associated with major human lineages (ST18 and ST78) circulating in hospitals worldwide and were enriched in putative virulence markers that are highly associated with clinical E. faecium from human infections. They also carried plasmids of the same families usually found in the clinical setting [RCR, small theta plasmids, RepA_N (pRUM/pLG1) and Inc18]. The clinically widespread IS1251-carrying Tn1546 type "F" was predominant and Tn1546-vanA was mainly located on pRUM/Axe-Txe (USA) and Inc18- or pLG1-like (Europe) plasmids. VREfm from hospitals and wastewaters carried Tn1546-vanA in different plasmid types including mosaic pRUM-Inc18 plasmids, not identified in wild birds. This is the first characterization of vanA plasmids obtained from wild birds. A similar plasmid pool seems to exist in different clonal E. faecium backgrounds of humans and wild birds. The isolation of VREfm strains from wild birds that belong to human E. faecium adapted lineages and carry virulence genes, Tn1546 and plasmid variants widespread in the clinical setting is of concern and highlight their role as potential drivers of the global dissemination of vancomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Oravcová
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Carretera Colmenar km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria V Francia
- Microbiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital e Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Av. Valdecilla, 25, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Ivan Literák
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Lee T, Pang S, Abraham S, Coombs GW. Antimicrobial-resistant CC17 Enterococcus faecium: The past, the present and the future. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 16:36-47. [PMID: 30149193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a robust opportunistic pathogen that is most commonly found as a commensal of the human and animal gut but can also survive in the environment. Since the introduction and use of antimicrobials, E. faecium has been found to rapidly acquire resistance genes that, when expressed, can effectively circumvent the effects of most antimicrobials. The rapid acquisition of multiple antimicrobial resistances has led to the adaptation of specific E. faecium clones in the hospital environment, collectively known as clonal complex 17 (CC17). CC17 E. faecium are responsible for a significant proportion of hospital-associated infections, which can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Here we review the history of E. faecium from commensal to a significant hospital-associated pathogen, its robust phenotypic characteristics, commonly used laboratory typing schemes, and antimicrobial resistances with a focus on vancomycin and its associated mechanism of resistance. Finally, we review the global epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and potential solutions to problems faced in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stanley Pang
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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Freitas ADARD, Faria AR, Pinto TDCA, Merquior VLC, Neves DM, Costa RDCD, Teixeira LM. Distribution of species and antimicrobial resistance among enterococci isolated from the fecal microbiota of captive blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:1428-1437. [PMID: 29055593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcal strains recovered from fecal samples of captive blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva) assisted at two wild animal screening centers in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were identified as Enterococcus hirae (the predominant species; 75.3%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (17.3%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (4.8%), Enterococcus gallinarum (1.7%), and Enterococcus hermanniensis (0.9%). All strains were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin. Rates of nonsusceptibility (including resistant and intermediate categories) to other 16 antimicrobials tested varied from 69.3% to 0.4%, A considerable proportion (48.0%) of the strains was multidrug-resistant and diverse genetic determinants associated with antimicrobial resistance were identified. Tetracycline-resistant strains carried the tet(M) and/or tet(L) genes. Macrolides resistance was associated with the erm(B), erm(A) and mefA genes, while 43.2% of the isolates were negative for the investigated genes. High-level resistance to gentamicin associated with the aac(6')-le-aph(2″)-la gene was detected in one E. faecalis strain. The two strains presenting high-level resistance to streptomycin were negative for the ant(6')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, ant(9')-Ia and ant(9')-Ib genes. The vat(D) gene was found in all the 47 quinupristin/dalfopristin resistant strains identified as non-E. faecalis. Analysis of PFGE profiles of E. hirae strains after restriction with SmaI demonstrated the occurrence of five clonal groups. The predominant E. hirae clone was distributed among birds in the two institutions, suggesting that this clone was well adapted to the host and environments investigated. The four clonal groups identified among E. faecalis were composed by small numbers of strains and, generally, restricted to birds in the same sector. The occurrence of enterococcal strains exhibiting antimicrobial resistance traits and carrying genetic determinants that represent potential threats to the health of both humans and animals, in the intestinal microbiota of A. aestiva, highlights the need for additional monitoring studies to elucidate the population structure and the dynamics of transmission of these microorganisms among animals, humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Rocha Faria
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Lúcia Carreira Merquior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Marchesi Neves
- Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres do Rio de Janeiro (CETAS-RJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Martins Teixeira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Li P, Yang C, Yue R, Zhen Y, Zhuo Q, Piao J, Yang X, Xiao R. Modulation of the Fecal Microbiota in Sprague-Dawley Rats Using Genetically Modified and Isogenic Corn Lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:551-561. [PMID: 29264925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the composition and proportions of fecal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley rats after consuming two genetically modified (GM) corn lines in comparison with the isogenic corn and the AIN93G standard feed for 10 weeks using bar-coded 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As a result, GM corn did not significantly alter the overall health and alpha-diversity of fecal microbiota. Fecal microbiota structures could be separated into noncorn and corn but not non-GM and GM corn subgroups. Both non-GM and GM corn caused the increase in bacterial populations related to carbohydrates utilization, such as Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, and Bifidobacterium, and the reduction in potentially pathogenic populations, such as Tannerella and Moraxellaceae. In conclusion, similar effects on the fecal microbiota were observed after consuming a GM- and non-GM-corn-based diet for long periods. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the functional relevance of the changes in the proportions of bacterial populations in these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penggao Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Yue
- Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng , Shanxi 044000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhen
- Youanmen Clinical Detection Center, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition NHFPC, Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition NHFPC, Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition NHFPC, Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology , Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
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Genetic Characterization of vanA-Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Wild Red-Legged Partridges in Portugal. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:89-94. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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WILD BIRDS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF KNOWN AND NOVEL MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPES OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS. J Wildl Dis 2017; 54:219-228. [PMID: 29148887 DOI: 10.7589/2017-05-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of 27 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from 25 wild bird species in Poland. Resistance to lincomycin (100%) was most common followed by tetracycline (48%), erythromycin (44%), and ciprofloxacin (22%). High-level resistance to streptomycin and kanamycin was observed in 19% and 15% of isolates, respectively. One isolate (4%) exhibited low-level resistance to penicillin and vancomycin, and all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Antibiotic resistance was linked to the tet(M), tet(L), erm(A), erm(B), msr(A/B), ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa genes. None of the tested van ( vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanD, vanE, vanG) genes were found in the vancomycin-resistant isolate. Based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing analysis, the E. faecalis population from wild birds revealed high genetic diversity. All isolates were divided into 22 pulsotypes and 18 sequence types (STs), among which seven STs were newly assigned (ST748-ST753 and ST764). The most-prevalent STs were ST290 and ST374 followed by ST287 and ST34. The coexistence of strains assigned to the same STs in wild birds and in nonwildlife populations strongly indicated that many wild bird species could constitute a source of E. faecalis for infections in humans, pets, and farm animals.
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Oravcova V, Svec P, Literak I. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vanA and vanB genes in Australian gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 9:316-318. [PMID: 28464539 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is revealing the possible dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from humans into the wildlife. We studied silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) in Australia as potential carriers and reservoirs of VRE with acquired vancomycin resistance. In New South Wales (Australia), we have found two multi-resistant isolates belonging to Enterococcus faecium (sequence type 341, vanB genotype) and Enterococcus dispar (vanA genotype). Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of VRE in Australian wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Oravcova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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