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Wan Z, Gong J, Sang J, Jiang W, Zhao Z, Lian M, Tang T, Li Y, Kan Q, Xie Q, Li T, Shao H, Gao W, Qin A, Ye J. Mouse adaptation of H6 avian influenza viruses and their molecular characteristics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049979. [PMID: 36466692 PMCID: PMC9713515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
H6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) not only continue to circulate in both domestic poultry and wild waterfowl, but also have occasionally caused spillovers infections in pigs and humans, posing a potential threat to public health. However, the molecular mechanism of H6 AIV adaptation to mammals remains largely unknown. In this study, two mouse-adapted (MA) H6 AIV strains, named as MA E-Teal/417 and MA GWF-Goose/740, were generated through blind passages in BALB/c mice. The two MA H6 strains replicated more efficiently and showed higher virulence than the corresponding wild type (WT) H6 strains in mice. Genome sequencing revealed that MA E-Teal/417 and MA GWF-Goose/740 carried six amino acid mutations (PB2-T224A/E627K, HA-G124R, NA-F167L/Y356H and M1-M92R), and four amino acid mutations (PB1-K577E, PA-T97I/D514E and HA-T276K), respectively, when compared to the corresponding WT virus. Receptor binding assay showed MA E-Teal/417 had stronger binding activity to α-2,3 SA than WT E-Teal/417. Moreover, the polymerase activity analysis found the RNP polymerase activity of both MA H6 viruses was significantly higher than that of the corresponding WT virus in 293T cells. All these demonstrate that H6 AIV can acquire limit amino acid substitutions to adapt to mammals and increase virulence, highlighting the significance of monitoring such mutations of H6 AIV in the field for alarming the potential of its cross-transmission and pathogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Sang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjun Lian
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xu G, Wang F, Li Q, Bing G, Xie S, Sun S, Bian Z, Sun H, Feng Y, Peng X, Jiang H, Zhu L, Fan X, Qin Y, Ding J. Mutations in PB2 and HA enhanced pathogenicity of H4N6 avian influenza virus in mice. J Gen Virol 2021; 101:910-920. [PMID: 31081750 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The H4 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) continues to circulate in both wild birds and poultry, and occasionally infects mammals (e.g. pigs). H4-specific antibodies have also been detected in poultry farm workers, which suggests that H4 AIV poses a potential threat to public health. However, the molecular mechanism by which H4 AIVs could gain adaptation to mammals and whether this has occurred remain largely unknown. To better understand this mechanism, an avirulent H4N6 strain (A/mallard/Beijing/21/2011, BJ21) was serially passaged in mice and mutations were characterized after passaging. A virulent mouse-adapted strain was generated after 12 passages, which was tentatively designated BJ21-MA. The BJ21-MA strain replicated more efficiently than the parental BJ21, both in vivo and in vitro. Molecular analysis of BJ21-MA identified four mutations, located in proteins PB2 (E158K and E627K) and HA (L331I and G453R, H3 numbering). Further studies showed that the introduction of E158K and/or E627K substitutions into PB2 significantly increased polymerase activity, which led to the enhanced replication and virulence of BJ21-MA. Although individual L331I or G453R substitutions in HA did not change the pathogenicity of BJ21 in mice, both mutations significantly enhanced virulence. In conclusion, our data presented in this study demonstrate that avian H4 virus can adapt to mammals by point mutations in PB2 or HA, which consequently poses a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlong Xu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiuchen Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018 Shandong, PR China
| | - Guoxia Bing
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100125, PR China
| | - Shijie Xie
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shijing Sun
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Zengjie Bian
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - HaoJie Sun
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yu Feng
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hui Jiang
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Liangquan Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yuming Qin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Jiabo Ding
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Yu Z, Ren Z, Zhao Y, Cheng K, Sun W, Zhang X, Wu J, He H, Xia X, Gao Y. PB2 and hemagglutinin mutations confer a virulent phenotype on an H1N2 avian influenza virus in mice. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2023-2029. [PMID: 31111259 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously obtained mouse-adapted variants of H1N2 avian influenza virus that contained PB2-L134H, PB2-I647L, PB2-D701N, HA-G228S, and M1-D231N mutations. Here, we analyzed the effects of these mutations on viral pathogenicity in a mammalian model. By evaluating the virulence of mouse-adapted H1N2 variants at different generations, we found that the PB2-D701N and HA-G228S mutations both contribute to the virulence of this virus in mammals. Furthermore, we found that the PB2-D701N and HA-G228S mutations both enhance the ability of the virus to replicate in vivo and in vitro and that the PB2-D701N substitution results in an expansion of viral tissue tropism. These results suggest that the PB2-D701N mutation and the HA-G228S mutation are the major mammalian determinants of H1N2 virus. These results help us to understand more about the mechanisms by which influenza viruses adapt to mammals, and monitoring of these mutations can be used in continuous influenza surveillance to assess the pandemic potential of avian influenza virus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiguang Ren
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, 666 Liuyingxi St., Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250132, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, 666 Liuyingxi St., Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, 666 Liuyingxi St., Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, 250023, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbin He
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, 666 Liuyingxi St., Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA, 666 Liuyingxi St., Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
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