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Harrison RL, Rowley DL. The Parapoynx stagnalis Nucleopolyhedrovirus (PastNPV), a Divergent Member of the Alphabaculovirus Group I Clade, Encodes a Homolog of Ran GTPase. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102289. [PMID: 36298845 PMCID: PMC9610796 DOI: 10.3390/v14102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the analysis of the genome of a novel Alphabaculovirus, Parapoynx stagnalis nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate 473 (PastNPV-473), from cadavers of the rice case bearer, Parapoynx stagnalis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), collected in rice fields in Kerala, India. High-throughput sequencing of DNA from PastNPV occlusion bodies and assembly of the data yielded a circular genome-length contig of 114,833 bp with 126 annotated opening reading frames (ORFs) and six homologous regions (hrs). Phylogenetic inference based on baculovirus core gene amino acid sequence alignments indicated that PastNPV is a member of the group I clade of viruses in genus Alphabaculovirus, but different phylogenetic methods yielded different results with respect to the placement of PastNPV and four similarly divergent alphabaculoviruses in the group I clade. Branch lengths and Kimura-2-parameter pairwise nucleotide distances indicated that PastNPV-473 cannot be classified in any of the currently listed species in genus Alphabaculovirus. A unique feature of the PastNPV genome was the presence of an ORF encoding a homolog of Ran GTPase, a regulator of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. PastNPV appears to have acquired a homolog of Ran relatively recently from a lepidopteran host via horizontal gene transfer.
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Zhao Z, Yue D, Ye B, Li P, Li W, Wang L, Zhang B, Fan Q. Functional analyses of inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (IAP1) of Antheraea pernyi multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) in viral replication and occlusion body production. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107816. [PMID: 35964678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (IAP1) of Antheraea pernyi multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) belongs to the baculovirus IAP1 type. The function of AnpeNPV-IAP1 in viral replication and occlusion body (OB) production remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that AnpeNPV-iap1 is a late gene. AnpeNPV-IAP1 mainly localizes to the nuclear ring zone and exhibits dynamic distribution in the cytoplasm and the virogenic stroma during AnpeNPV infection. AnpeNPV-IAP1 impacted the expression of a variety of viral genes at the very late phase of infection in Tn-Hi5 cells. The deletion of AnpeNPV-iap1 caused decreased expression levels of polyhedrin, morphological changes to OBs and reduced OB production in A. pernyi pupae, along with a lengthening of the lethal time of A. pernyi larvae. These results suggest that AnpeNPV-iap1 is involved in regulating viral gene expression, OB production and morphogenesis in A. pernyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Zhao
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124211, China
| | - Linmei Wang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Ye B, Zhao Z, Yue D, Li P, Wang L, Zhang B, Fan Q. Construction of the Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Bacmid System. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 32936894 PMCID: PMC7494183 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we established the Antheraea pernyi multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) bacmid system for the construction of a Bac-to-Bac expression system and the generation of virus mutants. The CopyRight pSMART BAC cloning vector harboring the chloramphenicol resistance gene was introduced into the AnpeNPV genome to produce the AnpeNPV bacmid that could be propagated in Escherichia coli with stable replication. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was successfully expressed in both Tn-Hi5 cells and A. pernyi pupae using the AnpeNPV Bac-to-Bac expression system. To generate the AnpeNPV mutants, we developed the AnpeNPV bacmid/λ Red recombination system that facilitated the deletion of viral genes from the AnpeNPV genome. The genes cathepsin and chitinase were deleted and a derivative AnpeNPV Bac-to-Bac expression system was constructed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the novel expression system could be used to express human epidermal growth factor in A. pernyi pupae. Taken together, the AnpeNPV bacmid system provides a powerful tool to create the AnpeNPV Bac-to-Bac expression system for protein expression in A. pernyi pupae. Further, it helps to knock-out genes from the AnpeNPV genome with λ Red recombination system for identification of the role of viral genes involved in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, virion structure, and infectivity during the AnpeNPV infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ye
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Linmei Wang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
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Zhao Z, Ye B, Yue D, Li P, Zhang B, Wang L, Fan Q. Construction of a Baculovirus Derivative to Produce Linearized Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Genomic DNA. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5812899. [PMID: 32219450 PMCID: PMC7136005 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Antheraea pernyi multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV)-based expression vector system, the frequency of homologous recombination events between wild-type AnpeNPV DNA and the transfer vector is low, resulting in a small amount of recombinant virus. Previous reports have indicated that linearized baculovirus DNA can increase the proportion of recombinant virus relative to the total progeny. To improve the recombination efficiency, we constructed a linearized derivative of AnpeNPV, referred to as AnpeNPVPhEGFP-AvrII, in which egfp flanked by AvrII restriction sites was located at the polyhedrin locus and driven by the polyhedrin promoter. Linear AnpeNPV DNA was obtained by the treatment of AnpeNPVPhEGFP-AvrII genomic DNA with AvrII endonuclease. The infectivity and recombinogenic activity between the linearized and circular viral DNA were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. We demonstrated that the linearized AnpeNPV DNA produced only small numbers of infectious budded viruses, accounting for approximately 4.5% of the budded virus production of wild-type AnpeNPV DNA in A. pernyi pupae. However, the linearized AnpeNPV DNA substantially increased recombinant virus production after cotransfection with an appropriate transfer vector; relative abundance of the recombinant virus was approximately 5.5-fold higher than that of the wild-type AnpeNPV DNA in A. pernyi pupae. The linearization of AnpeNPV DNA will facilitate the purification of recombinant viruses using the AnpeNPV-based expression vector system and the construction of an AnpeNPV-based bacmid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Zhao
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Linmei Wang
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Zhao Z, Wang L, Yue D, Ye B, Li P, Zhang B, Fan Q. Evaluation of Reference Genes for Normalization of RT-qPCR Gene Expression Data for Trichoplusia ni Cells During Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) Infection. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5280859. [PMID: 30624703 PMCID: PMC6324657 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Baculovirus infection impacts global gene expression in the host cell, including the expression of housekeeping genes. Evaluation of candidate reference genes during a viral infection will inform the selection of appropriate reference gene(s) for the normalization of expression data generated by Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-timePolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Antheraea pernyi multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV) is able to infect the High Five cells (Tn-Hi5). In the present study, 10 candidate reference genes were evaluated in AnpeNPV-infected Tn-Hi5 cells. Gene expression data were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. The candidate genes were further validated as reliable reference genes for RT-qPCR by analyzing the expression of three target genes. The results of data analysis using four statistical methods showed that RPS18 was the least stable among the candidate reference genes tested. 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA were not suitable as reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in AnpeNPV-infected Tn-Hi5 cells. Comprehensive ranking of the 10 candidate reference genes by RefFinder analysis indicated that Ann B, c45128_g1, and ACT were the top three genes. Normalization of the expression of three target genes using the candidate reference genes indicated the same expression pattern when Ann B and c45128_g1 were used as reference genes, with slight differences in the relative expression at each infection time point. Overall, Ann B and c45128_g1 were recommended to be more suitable than the most commonly used reference genes, such as ACT, GAPDH, and TUB, for RT-qPCR data normalization in AnpeNPV-infected Tn-Hi5 cells up to 48 hpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Linmei Wang
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ye
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Li
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Qi Fan
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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Senem JV, Torquato EFB, de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro L, Brancalhão RMC. Cytopathology of the trachea of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. Micron 2016; 80:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Viral IAPs, then and now. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 39:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Analysis of the genomic sequence of Philosamia cynthia nucleopolyhedrin virus and comparison with Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrin virus. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:115. [PMID: 23425301 PMCID: PMC3600015 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two species of wild silkworms, the Chinese oak silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) and the castor silkworm Philosamia cynthia ricini, can acquire a serious disease caused by Nucleopolyhedrin Viruses (NPVs) (known as AnpeNPV and PhcyNPV, respectively). The two viruses have similar polyhedral morphologies and their viral fragments share high sequence similarity. However, the physical maps of the viral genomes and cross-infectivity of the viruses are different. The genome sequences of two AnpeNPV isolates have been published. Results We sequenced and analyzed the full-length genome of PhcyNPV to compare the gene contents of the two viruses. The genome of PhcyNPV is 125, 376 bp, with a G + C content of 53.65%, and encodes 138 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 50 amino acids (aa) (GenBank accession number: JX404026). Between PhcyNPV and AnpeMNPV-L and -Z isolates, 126 ORFs are identical, including 30 baculovirus core genes. Nine ORFs were only found in PhcyNPV. Four genes, cath, v-chi, lef 10 and lef 11, were not found in PhcyNPV. However, most of the six genes required for infectivity via the oral route were found in PhcyNPV and in the two AnpeNPV isolates, with high sequence similarities. The pif-3 gene of PhcyNPV contained 59 aa extra amino acids at the N-terminus compared with AnpeNPV. Conclusions Most of the genes in PhcyNPV are similar to the two AnpeNPV isolates, including the direction of expression of the ORFs. Only a few genes were missing from PhcyNPV. These data suggest that PhcyNPV and AnpeNPV might be variants of each other, and that the differences in cross-infection might be caused by gene mutations.
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Thumbi DK, Eveleigh RJM, Lucarotti CJ, Lapointe R, Graham RI, Pavlik L, Lauzon HAM, Arif BM. Complete sequence, analysis and organization of the Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. Viruses 2011; 3:2301-27. [PMID: 22163346 PMCID: PMC3230853 DOI: 10.3390/v3112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome of the Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus (OrleNPV) isolated from the whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma, Lymantridae: Lepidoptera) was sequenced, analyzed, and compared to other baculovirus genomes. The size of the OrleNPV genome was 156,179 base pairs (bp) and had a G+C content of 39%. The genome encoded 135 putative open reading frames (ORFs), which occupied 79% of the entire genome sequence. Three inhibitor of apoptosis (ORFs 16, 43 and 63), and five baculovirus repeated ORFs (bro-a through bro-e) were interspersed in the OrleNPV genome. In addition to six direct repeat (drs), a common feature shared among most baculoviruses, OrleNPV genome contained three homologous regions (hrs) that are located in the latter half of the genome. The presence of an F-protein homologue and the results from phylogenetic analyses placed OrleNPV in the genus Alphabaculovirus, group II. Overall, OrleNPV appears to be most closely related to group II alphabaculoviruses Ectropis obliqua (EcobNPV), Apocheima cinerarium (ApciNPV), Euproctis pseudoconspersa (EupsNPV), and Clanis bilineata (ClbiNPV).
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Thumbi
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Robert J. M. Eveleigh
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Lucarotti
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-506-452-3538; Fax: +1-506-452-3538
| | - Renée Lapointe
- Sylvar Technologies Inc., P.O. Box 636 Station A, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A6, Canada; E-Mails: (D.K.T.); (R.J.M.E); (R.L.)
| | - Robert I. Graham
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK; E-Mails:
| | - Lillian Pavlik
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Hilary A. M. Lauzon
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Basil M. Arif
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada; E-Mails: (L.P); (H.A.M.L.); (B.M.A.)
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Miele SAB, Garavaglia MJ, Belaich MN, Ghiringhelli PD. Baculovirus: molecular insights on their diversity and conservation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2011; 2011:379424. [PMID: 21716740 PMCID: PMC3119482 DOI: 10.4061/2011/379424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Baculoviridae is a large group of insect viruses containing circular double-stranded DNA genomes of 80 to 180 kbp. In this study, genome sequences from 57 baculoviruses were analyzed to reevaluate the number and identity of core genes and to understand the distribution of the remaining coding sequences. Thirty one core genes with orthologs in all genomes were identified along with other 895 genes differing in their degrees of representation among reported genomes. Many of these latter genes are common to well-defined lineages, whereas others are unique to one or a few of the viruses. Phylogenetic analyses based on core gene sequences and the gene composition of the genomes supported the current division of the Baculoviridae into 4 genera: Alphabaculovirus, Betabaculovirus, Gammabaculovirus, and Deltabaculovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Ana Belen Miele
- LIGBCM (Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina
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Dourado LA, Ribeiro LFC, Brancalhão RMC, Tavares J, Borges AR, Fernandez MA. Silkworm salivary glands are not susceptible to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:335-9. [PMID: 21365549 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from infected Bombyx mori, BmNPV, was used to inoculate silkworms to determine salivary gland cell susceptibility. The salivary gland was removed from infected silkworms at different times post-inoculation and examined by light microscopy. The salivary gland cells did not exhibit any signs of BmNPV infection; however, fat body and tracheal cells, used as positive controls, showed characteristic cytopathological changes caused by BmNPV infection, which confirmed inoculum viability. The morphological distribution of tracheal branches and the basal lamina, which serves as a barrier to viral penetration, are apparently involved in this resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Dourado
- Laboratório de Organização Funcional do Núcleo, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Identification of a novel functional nuclear localization signal in the protein encoded by open reading frame 47 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1943-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yan F, Deng X, Yan J, Wang J, Yao L, Lv S, Qi Y, Xu H. Functional analysis of the inhibitor of apoptosis genes in Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Microbiol 2010; 48:199-205. [PMID: 20437152 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-9108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) plays an important role in cell apoptosis. We cloned two novel IAP family members, Ap-iap1 and Ap-iap2, from Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (ApNPV) genome. Ap-IAP1 contains two baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains followed by a RING domain, but Ap-IAP2 has only one BIR domain and RING. The result of transient expression in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) showed that Ap-iap1 blocked cell apoptosis induced by actinomycin D treatment and also rescued the p35 deficient Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) to replicate in Sf9 cells, while Ap-iap2 does not have this function. Several Ap-IAP1 truncations were constructed to test the activity of BIRs or RING motif to inhibit cell apoptosis. The results indicated that BIRs or RING of Ap-IAP1 had equally function to inhibit cell apoptosis. Therefore deletion of above both of the above domains could not block apoptosis induced by actinomycin D or rescue the replication of AcMNPV Delta p35. We also screened two phage-display peptides that might interact with Ap-IAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
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Genetic variation in field populations of baculoviruses: Mechanisms for generating variation and its potential role in baculovirus epizootiology. Virol Sin 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12250-009-3052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Harrison RL. Structural divergence among genomes of closely related baculoviruses and its implications for baculovirus evolution. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 101:181-6. [PMID: 19460385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are members of a large, well-characterized family of dsDNA viruses that have been identified from insects of the orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Baculovirus genomes from different virus species generally exhibit a considerable degree of structural diversity. However, some sequenced baculovirus genomes from closely related viruses are structurally very similar and share overall nucleotide sequence identities in excess of 95%. This review focuses on the comparative analysis of partial and complete nucleotide sequences from two groups of closely related baculoviruses with broad host ranges: (a) group I multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses (MNPVs) from a cluster including Autographa californica (Ac)MNPV, Rachiplusia ou (Ro)MNPV, and Plutella xylostella (Plxy)MNPV; and (b) granuloviruses (GVs) from a cluster including Xestia c-nigrum (Xecn)GV and Helicoverpa armigera (Hear)GV. Even though the individual viruses in these clusters share high nucleotide sequence identities, a significant degree of genomic rearrangement (in the form of insertions, deletions, and homologous recombination resulting in allelic replacement) is evident from alignments of their genomes. These observations suggest an important role for recombination in the early evolution and biological characteristics of baculoviruses of these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, PSI, Building 011A, Room 214, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Harrison RL. Genomic sequence analysis of the Illinois strain of the Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. Virus Genes 2008; 38:155-70. [PMID: 19015970 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-008-0297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipMNPV) is a group II nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) from the black cutworm, A. ipsilon, with potential as a biopesticide to control infestations of cutworm larvae. The genome of the Illinois strain of AgipMNPV was completely sequenced. The AgipMNPV genome was 155,122 nt in size and contained 163 open reading frames (ORFs), including 61 ORFs found among all lepidopteran baculoviruses sequenced to date. Phylogenetic inference placed AgipMNPV in a clade with group II NPVs isolated from larvae of Agrotis and Spodoptera species. Though closely related to the Agrotis segetum NPV (AgseNPV), AgipMNPV was found to be missing 15 ORFs present in the AgseNPV genome sequence, including two of the three AgseNPV enhancin genes. Remarkably few polymorphisms were identified in the AgipMNPV sequence even though an uncloned field isolate of this virus was sequenced. A genotype characterized by a 128-bp deletion in the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) was identified in the AgipMNPV field isolate and among clonal isolates of AgipMNPV. The deletion in egt was not associated with differences in budded virus or occluded virus production among AgipMNPV clones in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Plant Sciences Institute, Building 011A, Room 214, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Niu M, Han Y, Li W. Baculovirus up-regulates antiviral systems and induces protection against infectious bronchitis virus challenge in neonatal chicken. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1609-15. [PMID: 18707025 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the Antheraea pernyi nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ApNPV), a member of the baculovirus family, is evaluated for its stimulation of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and macrophage cell line HD 11 in vitro, and protection against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in neonatal chickens in vivo. This study showed that ApNPV significantly enhanced inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in chicken PBMC and HD 11 cells through the clathrin-dependent endocytic and endosomal maturation pathway, and up-regulated nitric oxide production in HD 11 cells. Furthermore, it was identified that budded virus (BV) can induce antiviral effects in HD 11 cells contrary to occlusion-derived virus (ODV). These results indicate that immunostimulatory BV of ApNPV can stimulate the innate immune activities and enhance the resistance to infectious virus of neonatal chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Niu
- School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, RP116023, Dalian, China
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Pereira EP, Conte H, Ribeiro LDFC, Zanatta DB, Bravo JP, Fernandez MA, Brancalhão RMC. Cytopathological process by multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in the testis of Bombyx mori L., 1758 (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 99:1-7. [PMID: 18590914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A cytopathological methodology was used to analyze infection by Bombyx mori multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmMNPV), a geographic isolate of the family Baculoviridae, in the caterpillar testes of the B. mori. Japanese B. mori strain caterpillar, fifth instar, were inoculated with BmMNPV and their testes were collected and processed for light and transmission electronic microscopy. Epithelial coating cells and interfollicular septa in testes were susceptible to BmMNPV. The first evidence of infection was detected on the 6th day post-inoculation (p.i.) in the external epithelium, and on the 7th day p.i. in the internal epithelium and interfollicular septa. Cytopathological characteristics consisted of hypertrophied nuclei, the formation of virogenic stroma, and the occlusion of virions in polyhedron protein crystals in several stages of development. At the end of the infectious process, cell lysis and release of polyhedra into the extracellular medium occurred. Histopathology revealed early infection foci in the surrounding regions of tracheal insertions, thus underlining the role of the trachea as an infection-spreading organ in insects. This spreading occurs through penetration of the basal lamina, which facilitates entry of the budded virus into the testis. Additionally, an alignment of a partial sequence of the ORF 14 of the BmMNPV geographic isolate with other NPV certified the virus genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Peliçon Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Laboratório de Morfologia e Citogenética de Insetos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR, Brazil
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