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Domènech-Eres R, Jaeckel M, Hadeler B, Lienemann T, Lutz T, Heinze C. A GFP-expressing minigenome of a chrysovirus replicating in fungi. Virology 2024; 591:109987. [PMID: 38219372 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The Fusarium graminearum virus China 9 (FgV-ch9) is a member of the genus Betachrysovirus in the Chrysoviridae family and causes hypovirulence in its host, Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. Although insights into viral biology of FgV-ch9 have expanded in recent years, questions regarding the function of virus-encoded proteins, cis-acting elements, and virus transmission are yet to be answered. Therefore, we developed a tool for the establishment of an artificial 6th segment of FgV-ch9, which encodes a GFP gene flanked by the non-translated regions of FgV-ch9 segment 1. Subsequently, we have proved successful encapsidation of this artificial segment into virus particles as well as its horizontal transmission. Expression of GFP was further verified via immunoassay and life cell imaging. Thus far, we were able to establish for the first time a mini-replicon system for segmented dsRNA viruses replicating in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Domènech-Eres
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mareike Jaeckel
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Hadeler
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tim Lienemann
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Lutz
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Heinze
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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Zou C, Cao X, Zhou Q, Yao Z. The Interaction between Hypovirulence-Associated Chrysoviruses and Their Host Fusarium Species. Viruses 2024; 16:253. [PMID: 38400029 PMCID: PMC10891527 DOI: 10.3390/v16020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysoviruses are isometric virus particles (35-50 nm in diameter) with a genome composed of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA). These viruses belonged to the Chrysoviridae family, named after the first member isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum. Phylogenetic classification has divided the chrysoviruses into Alphachrysovirus and Betachrysovirus genera. Currently, these chrysoviruses have been found to infect many fungi, including Fusarium species, and cause changes in the phenotype and decline in the pathogenicity of the host. Thus, it is a microbial resource with great biocontrol potential against Fusarium species, causing destructive plant diseases and substantial economic losses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of three chrysovirus isolates (Fusarium graminearum virus 2 (FgV2), Fusarium graminearum virus-ch9 (FgV-ch9), and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi mycovirus 1 (FodV1)) reported to decline the pathogenicity of Fusarium hosts. It also summarizes the recent studies on host response regulation, host RNA interference, and chrysovirus transmission. The information provided in the review will be a reference for analyzing the interaction of Fusarium species with chrysovirus and proposing opportunities for research on the biocontrol of Fusarium diseases. Finally, we present reasons for conducting further studies on exploring the interaction between chrysoviruses and Fusarium and improving the accumulation and transmission efficiency of these chrysoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Xueying Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Qiujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (C.Z.)
| | - Ziting Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (C.Z.)
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007, China
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Lutz T, Langer GJ, Heinze C. A virus from Aspergillus cibarius with features of alpha- and betachrysoviruses. Virus Genes 2024; 60:71-79. [PMID: 38160229 PMCID: PMC10861612 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
From the ascomycete Aspergillus cibarius strain NW-FVA 2590, which was originally isolated from a root, associated with stem collar necrosis of Fraxinus excelsior L., a novel virus was isolated and characterized. Its genome is encoded on three monocistronic dsRNA segments ranging from 3683 bp (dsRNA 1) over 3093 (dsRNA 2) to 2902 bp (dsRNA 3), which are packed in isometric particles of around 35 nm. While the viral RdRp (P1) is encoded on segment 1, protein sequencing showed that two more structural proteins are present which are translated from dsRNA 2 (P2) and dsRNA 3 (P3) and possibly form the viral capsid. Additionally, P2 and P3 may undergo posttranslational modifications since the detected proteins bands deviated from the calculated sizes. Due to its phylogenetic position, the novel virus was grouped in the family of Chrysoviridae and was tentatively denominated as Aspergillus cibarius chrysovirus 1 (AcCV1). Due to its composition, biological properties and phylogenetic position, distant from the genera Alphachrysovirus and Betachrysovirus, we suggest to position AcCV1 in a proposed genus "Gammachrysovirus".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lutz
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gitta Jutta Langer
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Heinze
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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Lutz T, Jaeckel M, Hadeler B, Heinze C. Fast preparation of high-quality viral dsRNA from fungal tissue by commercial nucleic acid extraction kits. J Virol Methods 2023; 322:114832. [PMID: 37858808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The genomes of most known mycoviruses consist of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) or single stranded RNA (ssRNA). Therefore, for all aspects of mycovirology, the research is highly dependent on the quality and quantity of RNA either by the extraction of genomic dsRNA or dsRNA as a replicating intermediate. A common procedure to extract dsRNA is its binding on a cellulose matrix after a phenol/chloroform purification step. A commercial kit for dsRNA extraction facilitated the researchers´ daily work, but is not available anymore. To extract nucleic acids in a standardized good quality and quantity from small amounts of starting material, we compared commercial kits for gDNA extraction to the kits for RNA extraction using fungal material with a high and a low virus titer. Here we show that viral dsRNA can be extracted using commercial gDNA kits from fungal tissue with a high and a low virus titer in the same quality and quantity as it was done with the discontinued dsRNA extraction kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lutz
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Jaeckel
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hadeler
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Heinze
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.
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Kwon G, Yu J, Kim KH. Identifying transcription factors associated with Fusarium graminearum virus 2 accumulation in Fusarium graminearum by phenome-based investigation. Virus Res 2023; 326:199061. [PMID: 36738934 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum virus 2 (FgV2) infection induces phenotypic changes like reduction of growth rate and virulence with an alteration of the transcriptome, including various transcription factor (TFs) gene transcripts in Fusarium graminearum. Transcription factors are the primary regulator in many cellular processes and are significant in virus-host interactions. However, a detailed study about specific TFs to understand interactions between FgV2 and F. graminearum has yet to be conducted. We transferred FgV2 to a F. graminearum TF gene deletion mutant library to identify host TFs related to FgV2 infection. FgV2-infected TF mutants were classified into three groups depending on colony growth. The FgV2 accumulation level was generally higher in TF mutants showing more reduced growth. Among these FgV2-infected TF mutants, we found several possible TFs that might be involved in FgV2 accumulation, generation of defective interfering RNAs, and transcriptional regulation of FgDICER-2 and FgAGO-1 in response to virus infection. We also investigated the relation between FgV2 accumulation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in fungal host cells by using DNA damage- or ROS-responsive TF deletion mutants. Our studies provide insights into the host factors related to FgV2 infection and bases for further investigation to understand interactions between FgV2 and F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudam Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jisuk Yu
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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Zheng Y, Yin S, Zhao Y, Li S, Lu Z, Li Z, Deng Q, Li Z, Zhang S, Fang S. Molecular and biological characteristics of a novel chrysovirus infecting the fungus phytopathogenic Setosphaeria turcica f.sp. sorghi. Virus Res 2023; 325:199037. [PMID: 36596382 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus has been identified in the filamentous fungus Setosphaeria turcica f.sp. sorghi, whose genome consists of four segments (dsRNA1-4). Each dsRNA carries single open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) containing strictly conserved termini. The putative protein encoded by dsRNA1 showed 80.50% identity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the most closely related virus, Alternaria alternata chrysovirus 1 (AaCV1), belonging to the Chrysoviridae. dsRNA2 encodes the putative coat protein, while dsRNA3 and dsRNA4 respectively encode the hypothetical proteins of unknown functions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRp protein indicated the virus clustered with members of the genus Betachrysovirus in the family Chrysoviridae. Based on the dsRNA profile, amino acid sequence comparisons, and phylogenetic analyses, the mycovirus is thought to be a new member of the family Chrysoviridae and designated as Setosphaeria turcica chrysovirus 1 (StCV1). Moreover, obvious differences were observed in the colony, mycelial and spore morphology between StCV1-infected and virus-cured strains of S. turcica f.sp. sorghi. StCV1 infection strongly reduced colony growth rate, spore production ability and virulence on host fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report about mycovirus infecting S. turcica f.sp. sorghi and also the first chrysovirus infecting S. turcica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zheng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yinxiao Zhao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Siyu Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhou Lu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zikuo Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingchao Deng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; MARA Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Shouguo Fang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Lutz T, Langer G, Heinze C. Complete genome sequence of a novel alternavirus infecting the fungus Ilyonectria crassa. Arch Virol 2023; 168:34. [PMID: 36609790 PMCID: PMC9825354 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel dsRNA mycovirus named Ilyonectria crassa alternavirus 1 (IcAV1) was found in Ilyonectria crassa isolate NW-FVA 1829. The fungus was isolated from an ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) necrotic trunk disc infected with Hymenoscyphus fraxineus [(T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya] causing ash dieback. The complete genome of IcAV1 is composed of three segments, each containing a single ORF on the positive-sense RNA. The extreme 5' UTRs of dsRNA 1 (3604 bp), dsRNA 2 (2547 bp), and dsRNA 3 (2518 bp) share a conserved hexadecamer sequence (5'-GGCTGTGTGTTTAGTT-3') and are capped. The 3' UTRs are polyadenylated. In silico analysis showed that the viral RdRP is encoded on dsRNA 1 and the capsid-protein subunits are encoded on dsRNA 3. Maximum-likelihood analysis of the aa sequence of the viral RdRP showed that IcAV1 clusters with alternaviruses from Fusarium spp., while the type member of the proposed family "Alternaviridae", Alternaria alternata virus 1 (AaV1), formed a clade together with Stemphylium lycopersici mycovirus (SlV). The function of the protein encoded on segment 2 is unknown. Based on its genome organization and its phylogenetic position, IcAV1 is suggested to be a new member of the proposed family "Alternaviridae". This is the first report of a mycovirus infecting I. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lutz
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gitta Langer
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Grätzelstr. 2, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Heinze
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Molecular Phytopathology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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Characterization of a novel alternavirus infecting the fungal pathogen Fusarium solani. Virus Res 2022; 317:198817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Complete genome sequence of a new quadrivirus infecting a member of the genus Thelonectria. Arch Virol 2022; 167:691-694. [PMID: 35013819 PMCID: PMC8843899 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel dsRNA virus named “Thelonectria quadrivirus 1” (TQV1) was found in a member of the genus Thelonectria (Ascomycota), isolated from a root associated with stem collar necrosis of Fraxinus excelsior L. The complete genome of TQV1 is composed of four segments, each containing a single ORF on the positive sense RNA. The sequence of the 5´ (5´-(C/T)ACGAAAAA-3´) and 3´termini (5´AT(T/G)AGCAATG(T/C)GC(G/A)CG-3’) of dsRNA 1 (4876 bp), dsRNA 2 (4312 bp), dsRNA 3 (4158 bp), and dsRNA 4 (3933 bp) are conserved. Based on its genome organization and phylogenetic position, TQV1 is suggested to be a new member of the family Quadriviridae. This is the first report of a mycovirus infecting a member of the genus Thelonectria.
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