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Nuñez IA, Crane A, Crozier I, Worwa G, Kuhn JH. Treatment of highly virulent mammarenavirus infections-status quo and future directions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:537-551. [PMID: 38606475 PMCID: PMC11069405 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2340494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mammarenaviruses are negative-sense bisegmented enveloped RNA viruses that are endemic in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Several are highly virulent, causing acute human diseases associated with high case fatality rates, and are considered to be significant with respect to public health impact or bioterrorism threat. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the status quo of treatment development, starting with drugs that are in advanced stages of evaluation in early clinical trials, followed by promising candidate medical countermeasures emerging from bench analyses and investigational animal research. EXPERT OPINION Specific therapeutic treatments for diseases caused by mammarenaviruses remain limited to the off-label use of ribavirin and transfusion of convalescent sera. Progress in identifying novel candidate medical countermeasures against mammarenavirus infection has been slow in part because of the biosafety and biosecurity requirements. However, novel methodologies and tools have enabled increasingly efficient high-throughput molecular screens of regulatory-agency-approved small-molecule drugs and led to the identification of several compounds that could be repurposed for the treatment of infection with several mammarenaviruses. Unfortunately, most of them have not yet been evaluated in vivo. The most promising treatment under development is a monoclonal antibody cocktail that is protective against multiple lineages of the Lassa virus in nonhuman primate disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette A. Nuñez
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of
Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD21702, USA
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of
Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD21702, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gabriella Worwa
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of
Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD21702, USA
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of
Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD21702, USA
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Lin L, Tang M, Li D, Fei H, Zhang H. Combined intravenous ribavirin and recombinant human interferon α1b aerosol inhalation for adenovirus pneumonia with plastic bronchitis in children: a case report and review of literature. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1295133. [PMID: 38379910 PMCID: PMC10876891 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1295133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections in children can lead to profound pulmonary injury and are frequently associated with severe complications, particularly in cases concomitant with plastic bronchitis. Managing this condition presents significant challenges and carries an exceptionally high fatality rate. Regrettably, there are currently no specific antiviral agents that have demonstrated efficacy in treating severe adenovirus pneumonia in children. Case presentation We report a 10-month-old infant suffering from severe adenovirus pneumonia combined with plastic bronchitis (PB). He received intravenous ribavirin combined with recombinant human interferon α1b (INFα1b) aerosol inhalation and his condition eventually improved. No side effects occurred during the treatment, and the long-term prognosis was favorable. Conclusion In this case, the combination therapy of intravenous ribavirin and INFα1b seems to have contributed to the resolution of illness and may be considered for similar cases until stronger evidence is generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangkang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maoting Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second UniversityHospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Deyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second UniversityHospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second UniversityHospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Niu ZX, Nie P, Herdewijn P, Wang YT. Synthetic approaches and application of clinically approved small-molecule drugs to treat hepatitis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115919. [PMID: 37922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis, a global public health concern, presents a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Particularly, hepatitis B and C are viral infections that can lead to severe liver damage, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The urgency to combat these diseases has driven researchers to explore existing small-molecule drugs as potential therapeutics. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of synthetic routes to key antiviral agents used to manage hepatitis. Furthermore, it elucidates the mechanisms of action of these drugs, shedding light on their interference with viral replication and liver disease progression. The review also discusses the clinical applications of these drugs, including their use in combination therapies and various patient populations. By evaluating the synthetic pathways and clinical utility of these drugs, this review not only consolidates current knowledge but also highlights potential future directions for research and drug development in the fight against hepatitis, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and reduced global disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xi Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Peng Nie
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Zhang W, Deng H, Liu Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Ribavirin inhibits peste des petits ruminants virus proliferation in vitro. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:464-476. [PMID: 38303996 PMCID: PMC10828777 DOI: 10.17221/56/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, belongs to the genus Morbillivirus. It causes devastating viral diseases in small ruminants and has been rapidly spreading over various regions in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Although vaccination is thought to be an effective management strategy against PPR infections, the heat sensitivity of PPRV vaccines severely restricts their use in regions with hot climates. In this research, we studied the antiviral activities of ribavirin and aimed to understand the potential mechanisms of action of ribavirin in the African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells). In brief, the adsorption, intrusion, replication, and release of PPRV, as well as the mRNA expression level of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), were significantly inhibited in the ribavirin-treated Vero cells compared to those in the PPRV-infected cells that were not treated with ribavirin. Additionally, ribavirin has potential as an antiviral drug against PPRV, and its antiviral activity is mediated by the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and PI3K/AKT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hualong Deng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - You Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P.R. China
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Sinha P, Yadav AK. Identification of 3, 4-dihydroxy complexes as potential antiviral via DFT, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and MM/PBSA against rabies and dengue receptors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37580968 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The quest to identify antiviral drug candidates for dengue and rabies viral diseases is a great challenge for the researchers. While different research is being conducted on the repurposed drugs against these two viruses, no drug compound has gained success in treating them. Therefore, in this study, 3, 4-dihydroxy complexes have been virtually designed to investigate their antiviral properties and analyze their efficiency in interaction with the concerned viral diseases. DFT calculations are carried out to study the electronic and thermodynamic properties to understand the stability and reactivity of the reported compounds. These compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies to understand the binding interactions with NS5 Dengue virus mRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase and phosphoprotein C-terminal domain of Rabies virus. MD simulation, hydrogen bond analysis, and MM/PBSA were performed at 100 ns to support the obtained docking results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashasti Sinha
- Department of Physics, School of Physical & Decision Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physics, School of Physical & Decision Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Shehzadi K, Saba A, Yu M, Liang J. Structure-Based Drug Design of RdRp Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:22. [PMID: 37318607 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a worldwide pandemic since 2019, spreading rapidly and posing a significant threat to human health and life. With over 6 billion confirmed cases of the virus, the need for effective therapeutic drugs has become more urgent than ever before. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is crucial in viral replication and transcription, catalysing viral RNA synthesis and serving as a promising therapeutic target for developing antiviral drugs. In this article, we explore the inhibition of RdRp as a potential treatment for viral diseases, analysing the structural information of RdRp in virus proliferation and summarizing the reported inhibitors' pharmacophore features and structure-activity relationship profiles. We hope that the information provided by this review will aid in structure-based drug design and aid in the global fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shehzadi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Afsheen Saba
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Mingjia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China.
| | - Jianhua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314019, China.
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Baďurová L, Polčicová K, Omasta B, Ovečková I, Kocianová E, Tomášková J. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose inhibits lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus propagation by targeting glycoprotein N-glycosylation. Virol J 2023; 20:108. [PMID: 37259080 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased glucose uptake and utilization via aerobic glycolysis are among the most prominent hallmarks of tumor cell metabolism. Accumulating evidence suggests that similar metabolic changes are also triggered in many virus-infected cells. Viral propagation, like highly proliferative tumor cells, increases the demand for energy and macromolecular synthesis, leading to high bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the metabolic changes induced by viruses, the interaction between host cell metabolism and arenavirus infection remains unclear. Our study sheds light on these processes during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, a model representative of the Arenaviridae family. METHODS The impact of LCMV on glucose metabolism in MRC-5 cells was studied using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and biochemical assays. A focus-forming assay and western blot analysis were used to determine the effects of glucose deficiency and glycolysis inhibition on the production of infectious LCMV particles. RESULTS Despite changes in the expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, LCMV infection did not result in increased glucose uptake or lactate excretion. Accordingly, depriving LCMV-infected cells of extracellular glucose or inhibiting lactate production had no impact on viral propagation. However, treatment with the commonly used glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) profoundly reduced the production of infectious LCMV particles. This effect of 2-DG was further shown to be the result of suppressed N-linked glycosylation of the viral glycoprotein. CONCLUSIONS Although our results showed that the LCMV life cycle is not dependent on glucose supply or utilization, they did confirm the importance of N-glycosylation of LCMV GP-C. 2-DG potently reduces LCMV propagation not by disrupting glycolytic flux but by inhibiting N-linked protein glycosylation. These findings highlight the potential for developing new, targeted antiviral therapies that could be relevant to a wider range of arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Baďurová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Polčicová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Božena Omasta
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Ovečková
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kocianová
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tomášková
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Cancela F, Rendon-Marin S, Quintero-Gil C, Houston DR, Gumbis G, Panzera Y, Pérez R, Arbiza J, Mirazo S. Modelling of Hepatitis E virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genotype 3 from a chronic patient and in silico interaction analysis by molecular docking with Ribavirin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:705-721. [PMID: 34861797 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2011416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emergent zoonotic disease, where chronic hepatitis E associated to solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, related to genotype 3, is the clinical manifestation of major concern. In this setting, ribavirin (RBV) treatment is the only available therapy, though drug-resistant variants could emerge leading to a therapeutic failure. Crystallographic structures have not been reported for most of the HEV proteins, including the RNA-polymerase (RdRp). Therefore, the mechanism of action of RBV against HEV and the molecular interactions between this drug and RdRp are largely unknown. In this work, we aimed to model in silico the 3 D structure of a novel HEV3 RdRp (HEV_C1_Uy) from a chronically HEV infected-SOT recipient treated with RBV and to perform a molecular docking simulation between RBV triphosphate (RBVT), 7-methyl-guanosine-5'-triphosphate and the modelled protein. The models were generated using I-TASSER server and validated with multiple bioinformatics tools. The docking analysis were carried out with AutoDock Vina and LeDock software. We obtained a suitable model for HEV_C1_Uy (C-Score=-1.33, RMSD = 10.4 ± 4.6 Å). RBVT displayed a binding affinity of -7.6 ± 0.2 Kcal/mol by molecular docking, mediated by 6 hydrogen-bonds (Q195-O14, S198-O11, E257-O13, S260-O2, O3, S311-O11) between the finger's-palm-domains and a free binding energy of 31.26 ± 16.81 kcal/mol by molecular dynamics simulations. We identified the possible HEV RdRp interacting region for incoming nucleotides or analogs and provide novel insights that will contribute to better understand the molecular interactions of RBV and the enzyme and the mechanism of action of this antiviral drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cancela
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Carolina Quintero-Gil
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Douglas R Houston
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gediminas Gumbis
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yanina Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruben Pérez
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Mammarenavirus Genetic Diversity and Its Biological Implications. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 439:265-303. [PMID: 36592249 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the family Arenaviridae are classified into four genera: Antennavirus, Hartmanivirus, Mammarenavirus, and Reptarenavirus. Reptarenaviruses and hartmaniviruses infect (captive) snakes and have been shown to cause boid inclusion body disease (BIBD). Antennaviruses have genomes consisting of 3, rather than 2, segments, and were discovered in actinopterygian fish by next-generation sequencing but no biological isolate has been reported yet. The hosts of mammarenaviruses are mainly rodents and infections are generally asymptomatic. Current knowledge about the biology of reptarenaviruses, hartmaniviruses, and antennaviruses is very limited and their zoonotic potential is unknown. In contrast, some mammarenaviruses are associated with zoonotic events that pose a threat to human health. This review will focus on mammarenavirus genetic diversity and its biological implications. Some mammarenaviruses including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are excellent experimental model systems for the investigation of acute and persistent viral infections, whereas others including Lassa (LASV) and Junin (JUNV) viruses, the causative agents of Lassa fever (LF) and Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), respectively, are important human pathogens. Mammarenaviruses were thought to have high degree of intra-and inter-species amino acid sequence identities, but recent evidence has revealed a high degree of mammarenavirus genetic diversity in the field. Moreover, closely related mammarenavirus can display dramatic phenotypic differences in vivo. These findings support a role of genetic variability in mammarenavirus adaptability and pathogenesis. Here, we will review the molecular biology of mammarenaviruses, phylogeny, and evolution, as well as the quasispecies dynamics of mammarenavirus populations and their biological implications.
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de Mariz E Miranda LS. The synergy between nucleotide biosynthesis inhibitors and antiviral nucleosides: New opportunities against viral infections? Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200217. [PMID: 36122181 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
5'-Phosphorylated nucleoside derivatives are molecules that can be found in all living organisms and viruses. Over the last century, the development of structural analogs that could disrupt the transcription and translation of genetic information culminated in the development of clinically relevant anticancer and antiviral drugs. However, clinically effective broad-spectrum antiviral compounds or treatments are lacking. This viewpoint proposes that molecules that inhibit nucleotide biosynthesis may sensitize virus-infected cells toward direct-acting antiviral nucleosides. Such potentially synergistic combinations might allow the repurposing of drugs, leading to the development of new combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S de Mariz E Miranda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Churiso G, Husen G, Bulbula D, Abebe L. Immunity Cell Responses to RSV and the Role of Antiviral Inhibitors: A Systematic Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7413-7430. [PMID: 36540102 PMCID: PMC9759992 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells recognize respiratory syncytial virus antigens, and produce cytokines and chemokines that act on immune cells. Dendritic cells play the main role in inflammatory cytokine responses. Similarly, alveolar macrophages produce IFN-β, IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10, and CCL3, while alternatively activated macrophages differentiate at the late phase, and require IL-13 or IL-4 cytokines. Furthermore, activated NKT cells secrete IL-13 and IL-4 that cause lung epithelial, endothelial and fibroblasts to secrete eotaxin that enhances the recruitment of eosinophil to the lung. CD8+ and CD4+T cells infection by the virus decreases the IFN-γ and IL-2 production. Despite this, both are involved in terminating virus replication. CD8+T cells produce a larger amount of IFN-γ than CD4+T cells, and CD8+T cells activated under type 2 conditions produce IL-4, down regulating CD8 expression, granzyme and IFN-γ production. Antiviral inhibitors inhibit biological functions of viral proteins. Some of them directly target the virus replication machinery and are effective at later stages of infection; while others inhibit F protein dependent fusion and syncytium formation. TMC353121 reduces inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and chemokines, KC, IP-10, MCP and MIP1-α. EDP-938 inhibits viral nucleoprotein (N), while GRP-156784 blocks the activity of respiratory syncytial virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase. PC786 inhibits non-structural protein 1 (NS-1) gene, RANTES transcripts, virus-induced CCL5, IL-6, and mucin increase. In general, it is an immune reaction that is blamed for the disease severity and pathogenesis in respiratory syncytial virus infection. Anti-viral inhibitors not only inhibit viral entry and replication, but also may reduce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors are proposed; however, only palivizumab and ribavirin are approved for prophylaxis and treatment, respectively. Hence, this review is focused on immunity cell responses to respiratory syncytial virus and the role of antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Churiso
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Gemechu Churiso, Email
| | - Gose Husen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Denebo Bulbula
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Lulu Abebe
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Wang C, Yan Y, Huang M, Ma G, Wang L, Xie X, Xue W, Li X. Myricetin Derivative LP11 Targets Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein to Achieve In Vivo Antiviral Activity in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15360-15370. [PMID: 36448924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein plays a key role in the process of CMV infecting plants and symptom formation and is a potential molecular target for the control of this important plant virus. The exploitation of antiviral compounds is one of the strategies with the highest input: output ratio in plant protection. In this study, the CMV 2b recombinant protein was cloned, purified, and identified as the target protein by mass spectrometry. Subsequently, we carried out preliminary functional screening of the LP series of myricetin derivatives designed and synthesized in our laboratory and commercial antiviral compounds by microscale thermophoresis (MST), which showed that LP compounds LP4, LP11, LP13, and LP20 interacted well with CMV 2b, with dissociation constant (Kd) values of 1.39, 0.88, 1.52, and 1.77 μM, respectively. Among the commercially available antiviral compounds, ningnanmycin (NNM) was the most active, with a Kd value of 4.09 μM. Then, the strongest binding force to CMV 2b was identified to be from LP11 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments, with a Kd of 1.19 μM. Among the commercial compounds, NNM had the strongest binding force with CMV 2b, with a Kd of 4.62 μM. Through the screening of commercial compounds and LP series compounds by MST and ITC, LP11, NNM (positive control), LP16 (negative control), and the blank control group were selected to test the in vivo impact of LP11 on CMV. Specifically, the screened compounds were sprayed onto CMV-inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana plants to determine their impact on the regulation of CMV pathogenic gene expression, symptoms, and virus titer. The results showed that LP11 had a strong ability to inhibit CMV infection of tobacco at the transcriptional and translational levels. By mutating the CMV 2b protein, the 15th amino acid leucine and the 18th amino acid methionine at the N-terminal region were shown to be potential sites for binding to compound LP11. This finding provided a theoretical basis for screening and developing anti-CMV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yunlong Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Guangming Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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13
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Dincel ED, Akdağ Ç, Kayra T, Coşar ED, Aksoy MO, Akalın-Çiftçi G, Ulusoy-Güzeldemirci N. Design, synthesis, characterization, molecular docking studies and anticancer activity evaluation of novel hydrazinecarbothioamide, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, 4-thiazolidinone and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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14
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Shtro AA, Garshinina AV, Alferova VA, Kamzeeva PN, Volok VP, Kolpakova ES, Nikitin TD, Chistov AA, Belyaev ES, Korshun VA, Kozlovskaya LI, Aralov AV. Cationic Perylene Antivirals with Aqueous Solubility for Studies In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1178. [PMID: 36297288 PMCID: PMC9610897 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Perylene-based compounds are attracting significant attention due to their high broad-spectrum antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. Despite unambiguous results of in vitro studies and high selectivity index, the poor water solubility of these compounds prevented in vivo evaluation of their antiviral properties. In this work, we synthesized a series of compounds with a perylene pharmacophore bearing positively charged substituents to improve the aqueous solubility of this unique type of antivirals. Three types of charged groups were introduced: (1) quaternary morpholinium salts (3a-b); (2) a 2'-O-l-valinyl-uridine hydrochloride residue (8), and (3) a 3-methylbenzothiazolium cation (10). The synthesized compounds were evaluated based both on antiviral properties in vitro (CHIKV, SARS-CoV-2, and IAV) and on solubility in aqueous media. Compound 10 has the greatest aqueous solubility, making it preferable for pre-evaluation by intragastrical administration in a mouse model of lethal influenza pneumonia. The results indicate that the introduction of a positively charged group is a viable strategy for the design of drug candidates with a perylene scaffold for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Shtro
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Vera A. Alferova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina N. Kamzeeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Volok
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Kolpakova
- Chumakov Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofei D. Nikitin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Chistov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny S. Belyaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Poliomyelitis), 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Aralov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Dincel ED, Hasbal-Celikok G, Yilmaz-Ozden T, Ulusoy-Güzeldemirci N. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation study of novel imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as potent antioxidant agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Virucidal Activity of the Pyridobenzothiazolone Derivative HeE1-17Y against Enveloped RNA Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061157. [PMID: 35746629 PMCID: PMC9228864 DOI: 10.3390/v14061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyridobenzothiazolone derivatives are a promising class of broad-spectrum antivirals. However, the mode of action of these compounds remains poorly understood. The HeE1-17Y derivative has already been shown to be a potent compound against a variety of flaviviruses of global relevance. In this work, the mode of action of HeE1-17Y has been studied for West Nile virus taking advantage of reporter replication particles (RRPs). Viral infectivity was drastically reduced by incubating the compound with the virus before infection, thus suggesting a direct interaction with the viral particles. Indeed, RRPs incubated with the inhibitor appeared to be severely compromised in electron microscopy analysis. HeE1-17Y is active against other enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, but not against two non-enveloped viruses, suggesting a virucidal mechanism that involves the alteration of the viral membrane.
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17
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Deval J, Gurard-Levin ZA. Opportunities and Challenges in Targeting the Proofreading Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Complex. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092918. [PMID: 35566268 PMCID: PMC9103157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the development of vaccines and the emergence of antiviral therapeutics is promising, alternative strategies to combat COVID-19 (and potential future pandemics) remain an unmet need. Coronaviruses feature a unique mechanism that may present opportunities for therapeutic intervention: the RNA polymerase complex of coronaviruses is distinct in its ability to proofread and remove mismatched nucleotides during genome replication and transcription. The proofreading activity has been linked to the exonuclease (ExoN) activity of non-structural protein 14 (NSP14). Here, we review the role of NSP14, and other NSPs, in SARS-CoV-2 replication and describe the assays that have been developed to assess the ExoN function. We also review the nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside inhibitors known to interfere with the proofreading activity of NSP14. Although not yet validated, the potential use of non-nucleoside proofreading inhibitors in combination with chain-terminating nucleosides may be a promising avenue for the development of anti-CoV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Deval
- Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Wang X, Lai J, Hu H, Yang J, Zang K, Zhao F, Zeng G, Liao Q, Gu Z, Du Z. Infection of Nigrospora nonsegmented RNA Virus 1 Has Important Biological Impacts on a Fungal Host. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040795. [PMID: 35458525 PMCID: PMC9029208 DOI: 10.3390/v14040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigrospora nonsegmented RNA virus 1 (NoNRV1) has been reported previously in the fungus Nigrospora oryzae, but its biological effects on its host are unknown. In this work, we isolated a strain 9-1 of N. oryzae from a chrysanthemum leaf and identified NoNRV1 infection in the isolated strain. The genome sequence of NoNRV1 identified here is highly homologous to that of the isolate HN-21 of NoNRV1 previously reported; thus, we tentatively designated the newly identified NoNRV1 as NoNRV1-ZJ. Drug treatment with Ribavirin successfully removed NoNRV1-ZJ from the strain 9-1, which provided us with an ideal control to determine the biological impacts of NoNRV1 infection on host fungi. By comparing the virus-carrying (9-1) and virus-cured (9-1C) strains, our results indicated that infection with NoNRV1 promoted the pigmentation of the host cells, while it had no discernable effects on host growth on potato dextrose agar plates when subjected to osmotic or oxidative stress. Interestingly, we observed inhibitory impacts of virus infection on the thermotolerance of N. oryzae and the pathogenicity of the host fungus in cotton leaves. Collectively, our work provides clear evidence of the biological relevance of NoNRV1 infection in N. oryzae, including pigmentation, hypovirulence, and thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhouhang Gu
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +86-571-8684-3195 (Z.D.)
| | - Zhiyou Du
- Correspondence: (Z.G.); (Z.D.); Tel.: +86-571-8684-3195 (Z.D.)
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19
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Xu Y, Li M, Zhou L, Liu D, He W, Liang W, Sun Q, Sun H, Li Y, Liu X. Ribavirin Treatment for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:5287-5291. [PMID: 34916812 PMCID: PMC8672023 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s330743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread all over the world resulting in high mortality, yet no specific antiviral treatment has been recommended. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted involving 19 consecutive critically ill patients during January 27, 2020 to April 18, 2020. Ribavirin was given at 0.15g q8h orally upon ICU admission for 7 to 21 days. Here, 28-day mortality, lower respiratory tract specimens (ETA), and ribavirin side effect on the day of ICU admission (Day 1), Day 7, Day 14 and Day 21 were analyzed. Results All the nineteen critically ill COVID-19 patients (14 males and 5 females, median age 56yr) survived through to the 28th day of observations with 6 patients (31.58%) being discharged from the ICU. The SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity in sputum/ETA was 100% (19/19) on Day 1, 73.68% (14/19) on Day 7, 57.89% (11/19) on Day 14 and 36.84% (7/19) on Day 21. Ribavirin side effect was not observed in these patients. Conclusion Ribavirin is well tolerated in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and may benefit COVID-19 patients through increasing the virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Manshu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqun He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Huadong Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zenchenko AA, Drenichev MS, Il’icheva IA, Mikhailov SN. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Nucleoside Derivatives: Structural Features and Mechanisms of Action. Mol Biol 2021; 55:786-812. [PMID: 34955556 PMCID: PMC8682041 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new viruses and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has become a powerful stimulus in the search for new drugs. Nucleosides are a promising class of natural compounds, and more than a hundred drugs have already been created based on them, including antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor agents. The review considers the structural and functional features and mechanisms of action of known nucleoside analogs with antiviral, antibacterial or antiprotozoal activity. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms that determine the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogs containing hydrophobic fragments. Depending on the structure and position of the hydrophobic substituent, such nucleosides can either block the process of penetration of viruses into cells or inhibit the stage of genome replication. The mechanisms of inhibition of viral enzymes by compounds of nucleoside and non-nucleoside nature have been compared. The stages of creation of antiparasitic drugs, which are based on the peculiarities of metabolic transformations of nucleosides in humans body and parasites, have been considered. A new approach to the creation of drugs is described, based on the use of prodrugs of modified nucleosides, which, as a result of metabolic processes, are converted into an effective drug directly in the target organ or tissue. This strategy makes it possible to reduce the general toxicity of the drug to humans and to increase the effectiveness of its action on cells infected by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Zenchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. S. Drenichev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Il’icheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S. N. Mikhailov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Hu Y, Jiao S, Wang Y, Chen R, Li G, Zou Z. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies of Deferasirox Derivatives of 1,2,4‐Triazole as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Hu
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Jiao
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruicheng Chen
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Li
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Zou
- College of chemistry and chemical engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 People's Republic of China
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22
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Dincel ED, Hasbal-Celikok G, Yilmaz-Ozden T, Ulusoy-Güzeldemirci N. Design, biological evaluation, molecular docking study and in silico ADME prediction of novel imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives as a novel class of α-glucosidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Omnipresence of Partitiviruses in Rice Aggregate Sheath Spot Symptom-Associated Fungal Isolates from Paddies in Thailand. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112269. [PMID: 34835075 PMCID: PMC8625198 DOI: 10.3390/v13112269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Partitiviruses are one of the most prevalent double-stranded RNA viruses that have been identified mostly in filamentous fungi and plants. Partitiviruses generally infect host fungi asymptomatically but infrequently exert significant effect(s) on morphology and virulence, thus being considered a potential source of biological control agents against pathogenic fungi. In this study, we performed a screening for mycoviruses of a collection of Thai isolates of rice fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, a causal agent of rice aggregated sheath spot disease. As a result, 36% of tested isolates carried potentially viral double-stranded RNAs with sizes ranging from 2 to 3 kbp. By conventional cDNA library construction and RNA-seq, we determined six new alphapartitiviruses that infected three isolates: tentatively named Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae partitivirus 1 to 6 (RosPV1-6). Furthermore, RT-PCR detection of each virus revealed their omnipresent nature in different R. oryzae-sativae isolates. Although virus-curing of basidiomycetous fungi is generally difficult, our repeated attempts successfully obtained virus-free (for RosPV1, RosPV2, and uncharacterized partitiviruses), isogenic strain of R. oryzae-sativae TSS190442. The virus-cured strain showed slightly faster colony growth on the synthetic media and severe symptom development on the rice sheath compared to its virus-infected counterpart. Overall, this study shed light on the distribution of partitiviruses in R. oryzae-sativae in a paddy environment and exemplified a virus-curing protocol that may be applicable for other basidiomycetous fungi.
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Mayor J, Engler O, Rothenberger S. Antiviral Efficacy of Ribavirin and Favipiravir against Hantaan Virus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061306. [PMID: 34203936 PMCID: PMC8232603 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological changes, population movements and increasing urbanization promote the expansion of hantaviruses, placing humans at high risk of virus transmission and consequent diseases. The currently limited therapeutic options make the development of antiviral strategies an urgent need. Ribavirin is the only antiviral used currently to treat hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Hantaan virus (HTNV), even though severe side effects are associated with this drug. We therefore investigated the antiviral activity of favipiravir, a new antiviral agent against RNA viruses. Both ribavirin and favipiravir demonstrated similar potent antiviral activity on HTNV infection. When combined, the efficacy of ribavirin is enhanced through the addition of low dose favipiravir, highlighting the possibility to provide better treatment than is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mayor
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland;
| | - Olivier Engler
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland;
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-213145103
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25
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Zhou S, Huang G, Chen G. Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of marine alkaloids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:128009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Hanász A, Zsombik L, Dobránszki J. Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040670. [PMID: 33807286 PMCID: PMC8066107 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Hanász
- Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Zsombik
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
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27
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Dincel ED, Ulusoy‐Güzeldemirci N, Şatana D, Küçükbasmacı Ö. Design, synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel hydrazinecarbothioamide, 4‐thiazolidinone and 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efe Doğukan Dincel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy İstanbul University İstanbul Turkey
| | | | - Dilek Şatana
- Department of Microbiology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine İstanbul University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ömer Küçükbasmacı
- Department of Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa İstanbul Turkey
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Kim YJ, Cubitt B, Cai Y, Kuhn JH, Vitt D, Kohlhof H, de la Torre JC. Novel Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors with Potent Interferon-Independent Antiviral Activity against Mammarenaviruses In Vitro. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080821. [PMID: 32751087 PMCID: PMC7472048 DOI: 10.3390/v12080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammarenaviruses cause chronic infections in rodents, which are their predominant natural hosts. Human infection with some of these viruses causes high-consequence disease, posing significant issues in public health. Currently, no FDA-licensed mammarenavirus vaccines are available, and anti-mammarenavirus drugs are limited to an off-label use of ribavirin, which is only partially efficacious and associated with severe side effects. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors, which block de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, have antiviral activity against viruses from different families, including Arenaviridae, the taxonomic home of mammarenaviruses. Here, we evaluate five novel DHODH inhibitors for their antiviral activity against mammarenaviruses. All tested DHODH inhibitors were potently active against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (half-maximal effective concentrations [EC50] in the low nanomolar range, selectivity index [SI] > 1000). The tested DHODH inhibitors did not affect virion cell entry or budding, but rather interfered with viral RNA synthesis. This interference resulted in a potent interferon-independent inhibition of mammarenavirus multiplication in vitro, including the highly virulent Lassa and Junín viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Y.-J.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Beatrice Cubitt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Y.-J.K.); (B.C.)
| | - Yingyun Cai
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (Y.C.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA; (Y.C.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Daniel Vitt
- Immunic Therapeutics, New York City, NY 10036, USA; (D.V.); (H.K.)
| | - Hella Kohlhof
- Immunic Therapeutics, New York City, NY 10036, USA; (D.V.); (H.K.)
| | - Juan C. de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (Y.-J.K.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Prutkov AN, Chudinov MV, Matveev AV, Grebenkina LE, Akimov MG, Berezovskaya YV. 5-alkylvinyl-1,2,4-triazole nucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:943-963. [PMID: 32126895 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1723624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some 5-substituted ribavirin analogues have a high antiviral and anticancer activity, but their mechanisms of action are obviously not the same as their parent compound. The SAR studies performed on 3 (5)-substituted 1,2,4-triazole nucleosides have shown a high dependency between the structure of the 3 (5)-substituent and the level of antiviral/anticancer activity. The most active substances of the row contain coplanar with the 1,2,4-triazole ring aromatic substituent which is connected by a rigid ethynyl bond. However, the compounds with the trans-vinyl linker also had antiviral activity. We decided to study the antitumor activity of ribavirin analogues with alkyl/aryl vinyl substituents in the 5th position of the 1,2,4-triazole ring. Protected nucleoside analogues with various 5-alkylvinyl substituents were obtained by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction from the common precursor and converted to the nucleosides. Arylvinyl nucleosides were synthesised according the reported procedures. All compounds did not show significant antiproliferative activity on several tumour cell lines. Coplanar aromatic motif in the 5-substituent for the anticancer activity manifestation was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Prutkov
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Chudinov
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Matveev
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov E Grebenkina
- Biotechnology & Industrial Pharmacy Department, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnologies, MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Akimov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Berezovskaya
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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Madelain V, Duthey A, Mentré F, Jacquot F, Solas C, Lacarelle B, Vallvé A, Barron S, Barrot L, Mundweiler S, Thomas D, Carbonnelle C, Raoul H, de Lamballerie X, Guedj J. Ribavirin does not potentiate favipiravir antiviral activity against Ebola virus in non-human primates. Antiviral Res 2020; 177:104758. [PMID: 32135218 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of recurrent and dramatic outbreaks, there are no therapeutics approved against Ebola virus disease. Favipiravir, a RNA polymerase inhibitor active against several RNA viruses, recently demonstrated significant but not complete protection in a non-human primate model of Ebola virus disease. In this study, we assessed the benefit of the combination of favipiravir and ribavirin, another broad spectrum antiviral agent, in the same model. METHODS 15 female cynomolgus macaques were challenged intramuscularly with 1,000 FFU of Ebola virus Gabon 2001 strain and followed for 21 days. All animals received favipiravir 180 mg/kg twice a day (BID), either as monotherapy (n = 5) or in combination with ribavirin (n = 10). Ribavirin was given either at the dose 10 mg/kg BID (n = 5) or 5 mg/kg BID (n = 5). Favipiravir and ribavirin were initiated two and one days before viral challenge respectively and treatment were continued for 14 days. Treatment effects on viral and hematological markers were assessed using a mathematical model. Survival rate of 0% and 20% were obtained in macaques receiving favipiravir plus ribavirin 10 and 5 mg/kg BID, respectively, compared to 40% in the favipiravir monotherapy group (P = 0.061 when comparing monotherapy and bitherapy, log rank). Viral dynamic modeling analysis did not identify an association between plasma concentrations of ribavirin and viral load levels. Using a model of erythropoiesis, plasma concentrations of ribavirin were strongly associated with a hemoglobin drop (p = 0.0015). CONCLUSION Ribavirin plus favipiravir did not extend survival rates and did not lower viral replication rate compared to favipiravir monotherapy in this animal model. Patients receiving this combination in other indications, such as Lassa fever, should be closely monitored to prevent potential toxicity associated with anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélie Duthey
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - France Mentré
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Jacquot
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Solas
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" IRD190-Inserm1207-EHESP, Laboratoire Pharmacocinétique-Toxicologie, Hôpital La Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lacarelle
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" IRD190-Inserm1207-EHESP, Laboratoire Pharmacocinétique-Toxicologie, Hôpital La Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Vallvé
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Barron
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Barrot
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | | | - Damien Thomas
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hervé Raoul
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémie Guedj
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, F-75018, Paris, France.
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Wang T, Yang S, Li H, Lu A, Wang Z, Yao Y, Wang Q. Discovery, Structural Optimization, and Mode of Action of Essramycin Alkaloid and Its Derivatives as Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Anti-Phytopathogenic Fungus Agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:471-484. [PMID: 31841334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases seriously affect crop yield and quality and are difficult to control. Marine natural products (MNPs) have become an important source of drug candidates with new biological mechanisms. Marine natural product essramycin (1) was found to have good anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and anti-phytopathogenic fungus activities for the first time. A series of essramycin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their bioactivity. Most of these compounds exhibited antiviral effects that are greater than that of the control ribavirin. Compounds 7e and 8f displayed antiviral activities that are greater than that of ningnanmycin (the most widely used antiviral agent at present), thus emerging as novel antiviral lead compounds. As the lead compound, 7e was selected for further antiviral mechanism research. The results indicated that 7e could inhibit virus assembly and promote 20S disk protein aggregation. Fungicidal activity tests against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi revealed that essramycin analogues displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. Compound 5b displayed more than 50% inhibition rate against most of the 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi at 50 μg/mL. The current research lays a solid foundation for the application of essramycin alkaloids in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Shan Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Hongyan Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Aidang Lu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387 , China
| | - Yingwu Yao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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Zhou S, Huang G. Retracted Article: The synthesis and biological activity of marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31909-31935. [PMID: 35518151 PMCID: PMC9056551 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean is the origin of life, with a unique ecological environment, which has given birth to a wealth of marine organisms. The ocean is an important source of biological resources and tens of thousands of monomeric compounds have been separated from marine organisms using modern separation technology. Most of these monomeric compounds have some kind of biological activity that has attracted extensive attention from researchers. Marine alkaloids are a kind of compound that can be separated from marine organisms. They have complex and special chemical structures, but at the same time, they can show diversity in biological activities. The biological activities of marine alkaloids mainly manifest in the form of anti-tumor, anti-fungus, anti-viral, anti-malaria, and anti-osteoporosis properties. Many marine alkaloids have good medicinal prospects and can possibly be used as anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-fungal clinical drugs or as lead compounds. The limited amounts of marine alkaloids that can be obtained by separation, coupled with the high cytotoxicity and low selectivity of these lead compounds, has restricted the clinical research and industrial development of marine alkaloids. Marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues have been obtained via rational drug design and chemical synthesis, to make up for the shortcomings of marine alkaloids; this has become an urgent subject for research and development. This work systematically reviews the recent developments relating to marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues in the field of medical chemistry over the last 10 years (2010–2019). We divide marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues into five types from the point-of-view of biological activity and elaborated on these activities. We also briefly discuss the optimization process, chemical synthesis, biological activity evaluation, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of each of these compounds. The abundant SAR data provides reasonable approaches for the design and development of new biologically active marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues. The ocean is the origin of life, with a unique ecological environment, which has given birth to a wealth of marine organisms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
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A New Perspective on Cryotherapy: Pathogen Elimination Using Plant Shoot Apical Meristem via Cryogenic Techniques. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 2094:137-148. [PMID: 31797299 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0183-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause different diseases on crops and industrial plant species that result in economic losses. Pathogen-free plant material has usually been obtained by traditional procedures such as meristem culture, thermotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, there are many limitations of these procedures such as mechanical challenges of meristem excision and low regeneration rate, low resistance to high temperatures, phytotoxicity, and mutagenic effects of the chemicals used in the procedures. Cryotherapy is a newly developed biotechnological tool that has been very effective in virus elimination from economically important plant species. This tool has overcome the abovementioned limitations. This chapter aims to highlight the importance of the cryogenic procedures (vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification, droplet vitrification, two-step freezing, dehydration, encapsulation-dehydration) in order to generate virus-free germplasm.
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Abdelkawy KS, El-Haggar SM, Ziada DH, Ebaid NF, El-Magd MA, Elbarbry FA. The effect of genetic variations on ribavirin pharmacokinetics and treatment response in HCV-4 Egyptian patients receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109657. [PMID: 31810127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in ribavirin (RBV) transport (SLC28A2 gene, ABCB1 gene and ABCB11 gene) on the clinical outcome and pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in HCV- 4 Egyptian patients. METHOD 100 patients treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks. The SNP genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using high resolution melting analysis. Ribavirin plasma trough concentrations were determined at week 4 of therapy using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For clinical outcomes, sustained virological response (SVR), liver function tests (ALT and AST), total bilirubin, albumin, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, and platelet count were measured. RESULTS Concerning RBV pharmacokinetics, ABCB1 2677 G > T SNP and ABCB11 1331 T > C SNP were statistically associated with RBV Ctrough levels after 4 weeks of therapy. ABCB11 1331 T > C SNP revealed significant association with clinical outcomes (SVR). SLC28A2-146 A > T SNP has not showed any statistically significant association with RBV plasma levels or response. CONCLUSION SNP genotyping for ABCB1 and ABCB11 genes can help in better personalized medicine for maximizing response for ribavirin as explored by the significant association between polymorphism in ABCB1 and ABCB11 genes and ribavirin pharmacokinetics and the significant association of ABCB11 1331 T > C SNP with clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Abdelkawy
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - S M El-Haggar
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - D H Ziada
- Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - N F Ebaid
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - M A El-Magd
- Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - F A Elbarbry
- Pacific University Oregon School of Pharmacy, 222 SE 8thAve., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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Benej M, Danchenko M, Oveckova I, Cervenak F, Tomaska L, Grossmannova K, Polcicova K, Golias T, Tomaskova J. Quantitative Proteomics Reveal Peroxiredoxin Perturbation Upon Persistent Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection in Human Cells. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2438. [PMID: 31708904 PMCID: PMC6823195 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data indicate that during persistent infection, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) may both directly or indirectly modulate regulatory cellular processes and alter cellular functions that are not critical for survival, but are essential for cell homeostasis. In order to shed more light on these processes, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and MALDI-TOF tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine the proteome response of the HeLa cell line to persistent LCMV infection. Quantitative analysis revealed 24 differentially abundant proteins. Functional analysis showed that LCMV-responsive proteins were primarily involved in metabolism, stress, and the defense response. Among identified proteins, we discovered significant changes for peroxiredoxins, a family of antioxidant enzymes. Decreased amount of these antioxidant proteins correlated with elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected cells. Increased levels of ROS were accompanied by changes in the pattern of telomere restriction fragments (TRFs) in infected cells and mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, treatment with antioxidants resulted in reduced levels of viral nucleoprotein, indicating a connection between ROS-dependent signaling and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Benej
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Oveckova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Filip Cervenak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomir Tomaska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Grossmannova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Polcicova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tereza Golias
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Tomaskova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Synergistic lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019:AAC.01653-19. [PMID: 31570400 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01653-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lethal mutagenesis is an antiviral approach that consists in extinguishing a virus by an excess of mutations acquired during replication in the presence of a mutagenic agent, often a nucleotide analogue. One of its advantages is its broad spectrum nature that renders the strategy potentially effective against emergent RNA viral infections. Here we describe synergistic lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by a combination of favipiravir (T-705) and ribavirin. Synergy has been documented over a broad range of analogue concentrations using the Chou-Talalay method as implemented in the CompuSyn graphics, with average dose reduction index (DRI) above 1 (68.02±101.6 for favipiravir, and 5.83±6.07 for ribavirin), and average combination indices (CI) below 1 (0.52±0.28). Furthermore, analogue concentrations that individually did not extinguish high fitness HCV in ten serial infections, when used in combination they extinguished high fitness HCV in one to two passages. Although both analogues display a preference for G→A and C→U transitions, deep sequencing analysis of mutant spectra indicated a different preference of the two analogues for the mutation sites, thus unveiling a new possible synergy mechanism in lethal mutagenesis. Prospects of synergy among mutagenic nucleotides as a strategy to confront emerging viral infections are discussed.
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Lethal Mutagenesis of Rift Valley Fever Virus Induced by Favipiravir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00669-19. [PMID: 31085519 PMCID: PMC6658772 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00669-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne, zoonotic pathogen with recurrent outbreaks taking a considerable toll in human deaths in many African countries, for which no effective treatment is available. In cell culture studies and with laboratory animal models, the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (T-705) has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of several seasonal, chronic, and emerging RNA virus infections in humans, suggesting applicability to control some viral outbreaks. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne, zoonotic pathogen with recurrent outbreaks taking a considerable toll in human deaths in many African countries, for which no effective treatment is available. In cell culture studies and with laboratory animal models, the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (T-705) has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of several seasonal, chronic, and emerging RNA virus infections in humans, suggesting applicability to control some viral outbreaks. Treatment with favipiravir was shown to reduce the infectivity of Rift Valley fever virus both in cell cultures and in experimental animal models, but the mechanism of this protective effect is not understood. In this work, we show that favipiravir at concentrations well below the toxicity threshold estimated for cells is able to extinguish RVFV from infected cell cultures. Nucleotide sequence analysis has documented RVFV mutagenesis associated with virus extinction, with a significant increase in G to A and C to U transition frequencies and a decrease of specific infectivity, hallmarks of lethal mutagenesis.
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Kim YJ, Cubitt B, Chen E, Hull MV, Chatterjee AK, Cai Y, Kuhn JH, de la Torre JC. The ReFRAME library as a comprehensive drug repurposing library to identify mammarenavirus inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2019; 169:104558. [PMID: 31302150 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several mammarenaviruses, chiefly Lassa virus (LASV) in Western Africa and Junín virus (JUNV) in the Argentine Pampas, cause severe disease in humans and pose important public health problems in their endemic regions. Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. The lack of licensed mammarenavirus vaccines and partial efficacy of current anti-mammarenavirus therapy limited to an off-label use of the nucleoside analog ribavirin underscore an unmet need for novel therapeutics to combat human pathogenic mammarenavirus infections. This task can be facilitated by the implementation of "drug repurposing" strategies to reduce the time and resources required to advance identified antiviral drug candidates into the clinic. We screened a drug repurposing library of 11,968 compounds (Repurposing, Focused Rescue and Accelerated Medchem [ReFRAME]) and identified several potent inhibitors of LCMV multiplication that had also strong anti-viral activity against LASV and JUNV. Our findings indicate that enzymes of the rate-limiting steps of pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis, the pro-viral MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member protein and the mitochondrial electron transport complex III, play critical roles in the completion of the mammarenavirus life cycle, suggesting they represent potential druggable targets to counter human pathogenic mammarenavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Beatrice Cubitt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Emily Chen
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell V Hull
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Yingyun Cai
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Juan C de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Friebus-Kardash J, Eisenberger U, Ackermann J, Kribben A, Witzke O, Wenzel J, Rohn H, Fiedler M. Prevalence of active hepatitis E virus infection and efficacy of ribavirin treatment in renal allograft recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13088. [PMID: 30929308 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 infection frequently progresses to chronic disease with persisting HEV viremia in immunocompromised patients. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of HEV infection in renal allograft recipients and investigated the efficacy and tolerability of ribavirin monotherapy. METHODS A total of 947 recipients on average 8.7 years post transplant were screened for anti-HEV IgG, IgM and HEV-RNA. Sixteen HEV-viremic renal allograft recipients were treated with ribavirin for 12 weeks. HEV-RNA concentration, laboratory and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, during therapy and 12 weeks after treatment cessation. HEV-genotyping was performed in all HEV-viremic patients. RESULTS Past HEV infection was detected serologically in 18% of the renal allograft recipients. Ongoing HEV replication was found in 16 recipients (all genotype 3). Unanimously, distinct HEV sequences were revealed in all HEV-viremic patients. At the start of ribavirin treatment, median HEV-RNA viral load was 4.3 × 106 (8000-5.0 × 106 ) IU/mL. Ninety-four percentage of HEV-infected allograft recipients showed a sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment cessation. Ribavirin treatment was associated with rapid decrease in liver enzymes and rare occurrence of anemia. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of active HEV infection is important in renal transplant patients without signs of nosocomial infection. Ribavirin treatment was safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justa Friebus-Kardash
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ute Eisenberger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ackermann
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wenzel
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, National Consultant Laboratory for HAV and HEV, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Fiedler
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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Identification of Clotrimazole Derivatives as Specific Inhibitors of Arenavirus Fusion. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01744-18. [PMID: 30626681 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01744-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arenaviruses are a large family of emerging enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses that include several causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fevers. For cell entry, human-pathogenic arenaviruses use different cellular receptors and endocytic pathways that converge at the level of acidified late endosomes, where the viral envelope glycoprotein mediates membrane fusion. Inhibitors of arenavirus entry hold promise for therapeutic antiviral intervention and the identification of "druggable" targets is of high priority. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype platform, we identified the clotrimazole-derivative TRAM-34, a highly selective antagonist of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1, as a specific entry inhibitor for arenaviruses. TRAM-34 specifically blocked entry of most arenaviruses, including hemorrhagic fever viruses, but not Lassa virus and other enveloped viruses. Anti-arenaviral activity was likewise observed with the parental compound clotrimazole and the derivative senicapoc, whereas structurally unrelated KCa3.1 inhibitors showed no antiviral effect. Deletion of KCa3.1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology did not affect the antiarenaviral effect of TRAM-34, indicating that the observed antiviral effect of clotrimazoles was independent of the known pharmacological target. The drug affected neither virus-cell attachment, nor endocytosis, suggesting an effect on later entry steps. Employing a quantitative cell-cell fusion assay that bypasses endocytosis, we demonstrate that TRAM-34 specifically inhibits arenavirus-mediated membrane fusion. In sum, we uncover a novel antiarenaviral action of clotrimazoles that currently undergo in vivo evaluation in the context of other human diseases. Their favorable in vivo toxicity profiles and stability opens the possibility to repurpose clotrimazole derivatives for therapeutic intervention against human-pathogenic arenaviruses.IMPORTANCE Emerging human-pathogenic arenaviruses are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality and represent serious public health problems. The current lack of a licensed vaccine and the limited treatment options makes the development of novel antiarenaviral therapeutics an urgent need. Using a recombinant pseudotype platform, we uncovered that clotrimazole drugs, in particular TRAM-34, specifically inhibit cell entry of a range of arenaviruses, including important emerging human pathogens, with the exception of Lassa virus. The antiviral effect was independent of the known pharmacological drug target and involved inhibition of the unusual membrane fusion mechanism of arenaviruses. TRAM-34 and its derivatives currently undergo evaluation against a number of human diseases and show favorable toxicity profiles and high stability in vivo Our study provides the basis for further evaluation of clotrimazole derivatives as antiviral drug candidates. Their advanced stage of drug development will facilitate repurposing for therapeutic intervention against human-pathogenic arenaviruses.
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El Kalamouni C, Frumence E, Bos S, Turpin J, Nativel B, Harrabi W, Wilkinson DA, Meilhac O, Gadea G, Desprès P, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaïcken W. Subversion of the Heme Oxygenase-1 Antiviral Activity by Zika Virus. Viruses 2018; 11:v11010002. [PMID: 30577437 PMCID: PMC6356520 DOI: 10.3390/v11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the degradation of heme, is induced in response to a wide range of stress conditions. HO-1 exerts antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses, including the Hepatitis C virus, the human immunodeficiency virus, and the dengue virus by inhibiting viral growth. It has been reported that HO-1 displays antiviral activity against the Zika virus (ZIKV) but the mechanisms of viral inhibition remain largely unknown. Using a ZIKV RNA replicon with the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a reporter protein, we were able to show that HO-1 expression resulted in the inhibition of viral RNA replication. Conversely, we observed a decrease in HO-1 expression in cells replicating the ZIKV RNA replicon. The study of human cells infected with ZIKV showed that the HO-1 expression level was significantly lower once viral replication was established, thereby limiting the antiviral effect of HO-1. Our work highlights the capacity of ZIKV to thwart the anti-replicative activity of HO-1 in human cells. Therefore, the modulation of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy against ZIKV infection may display limited effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Sandra Bos
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Jonathan Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Brice Nativel
- Université de la Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Wissal Harrabi
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - David A Wilkinson
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de la Réunion, Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, F-97400 Bellepierre, France.
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Wildriss Viranaïcken
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM UMR 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249 UMR PIMIT, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme CYROI, 2, rue Maxime Rivière, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
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A Highly Conserved Leucine in Mammarenavirus Matrix Z Protein Is Required for Z Interaction with the Virus L Polymerase and Z Stability in Cells Harboring an Active Viral Ribonucleoprotein. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.02256-17. [PMID: 29593035 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02256-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammarenaviruses cause chronic infections in their natural rodent hosts. Infected rodents shed infectious virus into excreta. Humans are infected through mucosal exposure to aerosols or direct contact of abraded skin with fomites, resulting in a wide range of manifestations from asymptomatic or mild febrile illness to severe life-threatening hemorrhagic fever. The mammarenavirus matrix Z protein has been shown to be a main driving force of virus budding and to act as a negative regulator of viral RNA synthesis. To gain a better understanding of how the Z protein exerts its several different functions, we investigated the interaction between Z and viral polymerase L protein using the prototypic mammarenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We found that in the presence of an active viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP), the Z protein translocated from nonionic detergent-resistant, membrane-rich structures to a subcellular compartment with a different membrane composition susceptible to disruption by nonionic detergents. Alanine (A) substitution of a highly conserved leucine (L) at position 72 in LCMV Z protein abrogated Z-L interaction. The L72A mutation did not affect the stability or budding activity of Z when expressed alone, but in the presence of an active vRNP, mutation L72A promoted rapid degradation of Z via a proteasome- and lysosome-independent pathway. Accordingly, L72A mutation in the Z protein resulted in nonviable LCMV. Our findings have uncovered novel aspects of the dynamics of the Z protein for which a highly conserved L residue was strictly required.IMPORTANCE Several mammarenaviruses, chiefly Lassa virus (LASV), cause hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and pose important public health concerns in their regions of endemicity. Moreover, mounting evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed, prototypic mammarenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. The mammarenavirus matrix Z protein plays critical roles in different steps of the viral life cycle by interacting with viral and host cellular components. Here we report that alanine substitution of a highly conserved leucine residue, located at position 72 in LCMV Z protein, abrogated Z-L interaction. The L72A mutation did not affect Z budding activity but promoted its rapid degradation in the presence of an active viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP). Our findings have uncovered novel aspects of the dynamics of the Z protein for which a highly conserved L residue was strictly required.
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Miranda PO, Cubitt B, Jacob NT, Janda KD, de la Torre JC. Mining a Kröhnke Pyridine Library for Anti-Arenavirus Activity. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:815-824. [PMID: 29405696 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several arenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) disease in humans and represent important public health problems in their endemic regions. In addition, evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. There are no licensed arenavirus vaccines, and current antiarenavirus therapy is limited to an off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutics to combat human pathogenic arenaviruses, a task that will be facilitated by the identification of compounds with antiarenaviral activity that could serve as probes to identify arenavirus-host interactions suitable for targeting, as well as lead compounds to develop future antiarenaviral drugs. Screening of a combinatorial library of Krönhke pyridines identified compound KP-146 [(5-(5-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b][1,4] dioxin-6-yl)-4'-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide] as having strong anti-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) activity in cultured cells. KP-146 did not inhibit LCMV cell entry but rather interfered with the activity of the LCMV ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) responsible for directing virus RNA replication and gene transcription, as well as with the budding process mediated by the LCMV matrix Z protein. LCMV variants with increased resistance to KP-146 did not emerge after serial passages in the presence of KP-146. Our findings support the consideration of Kröhnke pyridine scaffold as a valuable source to identify compounds that could serve as tools to dissect arenavirus-host interactions, as well as lead candidate structures to develop antiarenaviral drugs.
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Niu Y, Yuan Y, Mao J, Yang Z, Cao Q, Zhang T, Wang S, Liu D. Characterization of two novel mycoviruses from Penicillium digitatum and the related fungicide resistance analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5513. [PMID: 29615698 PMCID: PMC5882929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi including Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum are the main destructive pathogens in the citrus industry, causing great losses during postharvest process. To our knowledge, only one mycovirus from P. digitatum has been reported, and the prevalence of such mycoviruses against citrus postharvest pathogenic fungi and their genotyping were still under investigation. In the present study, we showed that 39 of 152 Penicillium isolates from main citrus-growing areas in China were infected with various mycoviruses belonging to polymycoviruses, Narna-like viruses, and families Totiviridae, Partitivirdae and Chrysoviridae. The next generation sequencing (NGS) towards virus genome library and the following molecular analysis revealed two novel mycoviruses Penicillium digitatum polymycovirus 1 (PdPmV1) and Penicillium digitatum Narna-like virus 1 (PdNLV1), coexisting in P. digitatum strain HS-RH2. The fungicide-resistant P. digitatum strains HS-F6 and HS-E9 coinfected by PdPmV1 and PdNLV1 exhibited obvious reduction in triazole drug prochloraz resistance by mycelial growth analysis on both PDA plates and citrus fruit epidermis with given prochloraz concentration. This report at the first time characterized two novel mycoviruses from P. digitatum and revealed the mycovirus-induced reduction of fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yongze Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qianwen Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Tingfu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Deli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.
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Bettoni JC, Costa MD, Souza JA, Volk GM, Nickel O, da Silva FN, Kretzschmar AA. Cryotherapy by encapsulation-dehydration is effective for in vitro eradication of latent viruses from 'Marubakaido' apple rootstock. J Biotechnol 2018; 269:1-7. [PMID: 29408198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) are several major viral pathogens of apple trees, responsible for substantial damage to the world's apple industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation technique to eradicate these viral pathogens from in vitro shoot tips excised from 'Marubakaido' apple rootstock cultures. Axillary shoot tips were excised from in vitro cultures, encapsulated in alginate beads, precultured in MS salts, dehydrated in a laminar flow hood, immersed in liquid nitrogen, then warmed and recovered on medium. After LN exposure, in vitro rooting and acclimatization, recovered 'Marubakaido' plants exhibited 52% survival and 35% regrowth without callus formation. After 8 months of regrowth, PCR analyses revealed that all the plants were free of ACLSV and ASPV, but 2 out of 20 recovered plants were still infected with ASGV. This is the first report in Brazil of the application of cryotherapy to eradicate viral complexes in Malus. Cryotherapy can facilitate the production of virus-free plants by producing high quality plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Bettoni
- Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Lages, Santa Catarina, 88520000, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília - DF, Zip Code 70.040-02, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Gayle M Volk
- USDA- ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Osmar Nickel
- Embrapa Grape & Wine, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, 95700000, Brazil
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Iwasaki M, Minder P, Caì Y, Kuhn JH, Yates JR, Torbett BE, de la Torre JC. Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006892. [PMID: 29462184 PMCID: PMC5834214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mammalian arenaviruses (mammarenaviruses) cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans and pose serious public health concerns in their endemic regions. Additionally, mounting evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed, prototypic mammarenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. Concerns about human-pathogenic mammarenaviruses are exacerbated by of the lack of licensed vaccines, and current anti-mammarenavirus therapy is limited to off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Detailed understanding of virus/host-cell interactions may facilitate the development of novel anti-mammarenavirus strategies by targeting components of the host-cell machinery that are required for efficient virus multiplication. Here we document the generation of a recombinant LCMV encoding a nucleoprotein (NP) containing an affinity tag (rLCMV/Strep-NP) and its use to capture the NP-interactome in infected cells. Our proteomic approach combined with genetics and pharmacological validation assays identified ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1) and prohibitin (PHB) as pro-viral factors. Cell-based assays revealed that ATP1A1 and PHB are involved in different steps of the virus life cycle. Accordingly, we observed a synergistic inhibitory effect on LCMV multiplication with a combination of ATP1A1 and PHB inhibitors. We show that ATP1A1 inhibitors suppress multiplication of Lassa virus and Candid#1, a live-attenuated vaccine strain of Junín virus, suggesting that the requirement of ATP1A1 in virus multiplication is conserved among genetically distantly related mammarenaviruses. Our findings suggest that clinically approved inhibitors of ATP1A1, like digoxin, could be repurposed to treat infections by mammarenaviruses pathogenic for humans. Viral hemorrhagic fever-causing mammalian viruses of the family Arenaviridae pose serious threats to humans in Africa and South America as the associated infections are highly lethal. The worldwide-distributed lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a relative of these dangerous viruses that can be worked with more safely in the laboratory. Although LCMV does not cause viral hemorrhagic fever, it can cause disease in humans. Currently, anti-arenavirus therapy options are very limited, not very effective, and associated with side effects. Development of new therapies has been hampered because knowledge on how arenaviruses interact with proteins of the host cells they infect is limited. Using a modified LCMV, we identified two host-cell proteins called ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1) and prohibitin (PHB) as factors that promote arenavirus infection. Inhibitors of ATP1A1 (cardiac glycosides already used clinically for treatment of other diseases) suppressed multiplication in cell culture of Lassa virus and Junín virus, the two most significant viral hemorrhagic fever-causing mammarenaviruses. Therefore, our data suggest that these inhibitors could be used clinically to treat people infected with arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Iwasaki
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Petra Minder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yíngyún Caì
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Juan C. de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. Cleavage of the Glycoprotein of Arenaviruses. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7121819 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arenaviruses are a large family of emerging negative-stranded RNA viruses that include several severe human pathogens causing hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality. During the arenavirus life cycle, processing of the viral envelope glycoprotein precursor (GPC) by the cellular subtilisin kexin isozyme-1 (SKI-1)/site-1 protease (S1P) is crucial for productive infection. The ability of newly emerging arenaviruses to hijack human SKI-1/S1P is a key factor for zoonotic transmission and human disease potential. Apart from being an essential host factor for arenavirus infection, SKI-1/S1P is involved in the regulation of important physiological processes and linked to major human diseases. This chapter provides an overview of the mechanisms of arenavirus GPC processing by SKI-1/S1P including recent findings. We will highlight to what extent the molecular mechanisms of SKI-1/S1P cleavage of viral GPC differ from processing of SKI-1/S1P’s cellular substrates and discuss the implications for virus-host interaction and coevolution. Moreover, we will show how the use of the viral GPC as a “molecular probe” uncovered novel and unusual aspects of SKI-1/S1P biosynthesis and maturation. The crucial role of SKI-1/S1P in arenavirus infection and other major human diseases combined with its nature as an enzyme makes SKI-1/S1P further an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. In the last part, we will therefore cover past and present efforts to identify specific SKI-1/S1P inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
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Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E162-E171. [PMID: 29279395 PMCID: PMC5777078 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718806115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs; severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV) pose serious health threats globally, with no specific antiviral treatments available. These viruses are able to faithfully synthesize their large genomic RNA. We report, however, that their main RNA polymerase, nsp12, is not accurate. To achieve accuracy, CoVs have acquired nsp14, a bifunctional enzyme able to methylate the viral RNA cap [methyltransferase (MTase)] and excise erroneous mutagenic nucleotides inserted by nsp12. Strikingly, ribavirin can be excised from the viral genome, thus showing no antiviral activity. The crystal structure of nsp14 shows that it is unique, having been replaced by other MTase types during evolution. This unprecedented RNA correction machinery has allowed RNA genome size expansion, but also provided potential nucleoside drug resistance to these deadly pathogens. Coronaviruses (CoVs) stand out among RNA viruses because of their unusually large genomes (∼30 kb) associated with low mutation rates. CoVs code for nsp14, a bifunctional enzyme carrying RNA cap guanine N7-methyltransferase (MTase) and 3′-5′ exoribonuclease (ExoN) activities. ExoN excises nucleotide mismatches at the RNA 3′-end in vitro, and its inactivation in vivo jeopardizes viral genetic stability. Here, we demonstrate for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV an RNA synthesis and proofreading pathway through association of nsp14 with the low-fidelity nsp12 viral RNA polymerase. Through this pathway, the antiviral compound ribavirin 5′-monophosphate is significantly incorporated but also readily excised from RNA, which may explain its limited efficacy in vivo. The crystal structure at 3.38 Å resolution of SARS-CoV nsp14 in complex with its cofactor nsp10 adds to the uniqueness of CoVs among RNA viruses: The MTase domain presents a new fold that differs sharply from the canonical Rossmann fold.
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Liu Y, Peng Y, Lu J, Wang J, Ma H, Song C, Liu B, Qiao Y, Yu W, Wu J, Chang J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 1,2,3-triazolo-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro- 4'-azido nucleoside derivatives as potent anti-HBV agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:137-149. [PMID: 29174810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel drugs are urgently needed to combat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to drug-resistant virus. In this paper, a series of novel 4-monosubstituted 2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azido-β-d-arabinofuranosyl 1,2,3-triazole nucleoside analogues (1a-g) were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-HBV activity. At 5.0 μM in the cellular model, all the synthetic compounds display activities comparable to that of the positive control, lamivudine at 20 μM. Of the compounds tested, the amide-substituted analogue (1a) shows the most promising anti-HBV activity and low cytotoxicity in the cell model. In particular, it retains excellent activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants. In duck HBV (DHBV)-infected duck models, both the serum and liver DHBV DNA levels (67.4% and 53.3%, respectively) were reduced markedly by the treatment with 1a. Analysis of the structure of HBV polymer/1a-triphosphate (1a-TP) complex shows that 1a-TP is stabilized by specific van der Waals interactions with the enzyme residues arising from 4-amino-1,2,3-triazole and the 4'-azido group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Haoran Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Bingjie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yan Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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