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Herbals and Plants in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030619. [PMID: 35276978 PMCID: PMC8839014 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer represents the most lethal malignancy among all digestive cancers. Despite the therapeutic advances achieved during recent years, the prognosis of this neoplasm remains disappointing. An enormous amount of experimental (mainly) and clinical research has recently emerged referring to the effectiveness of various plants administered either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Apart from Asian countries, the use of these plants and herbals in the treatment of digestive cancer is also increasing in a number of Western countries as well. The aim of this study is to review the available literature regarding the efficacy of plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The authors have reviewed all the experimental and clinical studies published in Medline and Embase, up to June 2021. Results: More than 100 plants and herbals were thoroughly investigated. Favorable effects concerning the inhibition of cancer cell lines in the experimental studies and a favorable clinical outcome after combining various plants with established chemotherapeutic agents were observed. These herbals and plants exerted their activity against pancreatic cancer via a number of mechanisms. The number and severity of side-effects are generally of a mild degree. Conclusion: A quite high number of clinical and experimental studies confirmed the beneficial effect of many plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. More large, double-blind clinical studies assessing these natural products, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents should be conducted.
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Kamble PR, Shaikh KS. Optimization and Evaluation of Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioavailability of Plumbagin. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:79-90. [PMID: 33450771 DOI: 10.1055/a-1332-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin, a potential bioactive lipophilic molecule, possesses limited solubility and low oral bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for improving solubility and oral bioavailability of plumbagin. The self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system was formulated from Capmul MCM (oil), Tween 20 (surfactant), and propylene glycol (cosurfactant). Central composite design was employed as statistical tool to optimize the formulation variables, X1 (oil) and X2 (surfactant: co-surfactant mixture ratio), of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. The responses studied were droplet size, self-emulsification time, % of drug release in 15 min, and equilibrium solubility. The optimized liquid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system was adsorbed on Neusilin US2 and characterized for flow properties, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, in vitro dissolution, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, and bioavailability study in Wistar rats, as well as ex vivo permeation study. The droplet size, polydispersity index, self-emulsification time, and equilibrium solubility of the optimized formulation were 58.500 ± 1.170 nm, 0.228 ± 0.012, 17.660 ± 1.520 s, and 34.180 ± 1.380 mg/mL, respectively. Its zeta potential, transmittance value, and cloud point were - 28.200 ± 1.200 mV, 99.200% ± 0.600, and 90 °C, respectively. Drug release was found to be 93.320% ± 1.090. In vivo anti-inflammatory study confirmed more enhanced activity from the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system than with pure plumbagin. Pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system had 4.49-fold higher bioavailability than pure plumbagin. Ex vivo permeation study demonstrated 1.75-fold increased intestinal permeability of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system than pure plumbagin. The developed self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system is a useful solid platform for improving solubility and oral bioavailability of plumbagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Ram Kamble
- Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India (Affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University)
| | - Karimunnisa Sameer Shaikh
- Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India (Affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University)
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Yadav AM, Bagade MM, Ghumnani S, Raman S, Saha B, Kubatzky KF, Ashma R. The phytochemical plumbagin reciprocally modulates osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Biol Chem 2021; 403:211-229. [PMID: 34882360 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is essential for maintaining bone mineral density and bone strength through a balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Bone formation is associated with osteoblast activity whereas bone resorption is linked to osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast progenitors give rise to the formation of mature osteoblasts whereas monocytes are the precursors for multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Chronic inflammation, auto-inflammation, hormonal changes or adiposity have the potential to disturb the balance between bone formation and bone loss. Several plant-derived components are described to modulate bone metabolism and alleviate osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The plant-derived naphthoquinone plumbagin is a bioactive compound that can be isolated from the roots of the Plumbago genus. It has been used as traditional medicine for treating infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and dermatological diseases. Reportedly, plumbagin exerts its biological activities primarily through induction of reactive oxygen species and triggers osteoblast-mediated bone formation. It is plausible that plumbagin's reciprocal actions - inhibiting or inducing death in osteoclasts but promoting survival or growth of osteoblasts - are a function of the synergy with bone-metabolizing hormones calcitonin, Parathormone and vitamin D. Herein, we develop a framework for plausible molecular modus operandi of plumbagin in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash M Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manali M Bagade
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soni Ghumnani
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujatha Raman
- Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (CCIH), Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences (ISHS), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Center for Cell Science, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richa Ashma
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
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Okoh MP, Alli LA, Tolvanen MEE, Nwegbu MM. Herbal Drug use in Sickle Cell Disease Management; Trends and Perspectives in Sub-Saharan Africa - A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2018; 16:372-385. [PMID: 30277160 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666181002101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nigeria has the largest burden of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) with estimated 100,000 new born affected annually. SCD is a Hemoglobin (Hb) disorder with the major form resulting from the substitution of a polar glutamate (Glu) by non-polar Valine (Val) in an invariant region of Hbβ chain-subunit. Species of Hb found in the sickle cell trait are HbA and HbS in a 60:40 proportion, in SCD only HbS, in the HbC disease only HbC, and in the SC disease it's HbS and HbC in a 50:50 equal proportion. OBJECTIVE This paper reviews herbal medicines usage in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) to ameliorate the crisis associated with SCD. The model Hb tetramer suggests a higher membrane affinity of HbS and HbC, promoting dehydration of RBCs, with concomitant in vivo crystallization. Some drawbacks using these herbal drugs include; poor bioavailability and the lack of proper pharmacovigilance monitoring procedures arising from weak governance structure combined with under reporting of herbal usage to physicians were discussed. Probable epigenetic loci that could be targeted using phytomedicines for effective SCD management were also discussed. METHODS Using search engines, several databases including Google scholar, PubMed, Academic Resource Index were utilized as a source for relevant publications/ literature. The protein coordinates for the Hb tetramer were obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). CONCLUSION Manipulation of epigenetics to achieve better SCD management involves careful thinking. Herein, we discuss some epigenetic interactions that could be putatively tweaked with a view of enhancing soluble bioactive small molecular components with the potential to reactivate γ -globin genes, thereby boosting immune response in patient with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Okoh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B 117 FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Lukman A Alli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B 117 FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Martti E E Tolvanen
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maxwell M Nwegbu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B 117 FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
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Rajalakshmi S, Vyawahare N, Pawar A, Mahaparale P, Chellampillai B. Current development in novel drug delivery systems of bioactive molecule plumbagin. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:209-218. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1417865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajalakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Niraj Vyawahare
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Paresh Mahaparale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
| | - Bothiraja Chellampillai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
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Sumsakul W, Plengsuriyakarn T, Na-Bangchang K. Pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and cytochrome P450 modulatory activity of plumbagin. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:50. [PMID: 27839515 PMCID: PMC5108082 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antimalarial activity of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone widely distributed in the Plumbaginaceae family has previously been demonstrated in vitro (good activity) and in vivo (weak activity). The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile following a single oral dosing to explain inconsistency of results of the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities. In addition, toxicity profiles and potential of modulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2 and CYP3A11) were also investigated. Methods The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of plumbagin were investigated in rats. The propensity of plumbagin to modulate the mRNA expression and activities of the two inducible forms of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP450), i.e., CYP1A2 and CYP3A11, was investigated using microsomes prepared from mouse livers. Results Acute and subacute toxicity tests indicate low toxicity of plumbagin with maximum tolerated doses of 150 (single oral dose) and 25 (daily doses for 28 days) mg/kg body weight, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profile of plumbagin following a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight suggests that delayed absorption and short residence time (median values of time to maximal concentration and elimination half-life = 9.63 and 5.0 h, respectively) in plasma. Plumbagin did not modulate mRNA expression and activities of CYP1A2 and CYP3A11. Conclusions Plumbagin was well tolerated following oral dose administration in rats. Pharmacokinetic property of this compound may be a limiting factor that explains the weak antimalarial activity of plumbagin observed in animal models. Potential metabolic interaction with co-administered drugs that are metabolized by CYP1A2 or CYP3A11 are unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriyaporn Sumsakul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Plumbagin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:229-246. [PMID: 27771927 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Shukla P, Singh RK. Toxicogenomics of Phenylhydrazine Induced Hematotoxicity and its Attenuation by Plumbagin from Plumbago zeylanica. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S380-7. [PMID: 26929571 PMCID: PMC4745207 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High regenerative and proliferative capacity of blood and its components renders it to be at higher risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which are manifested in several treatment regimens against various ailments such as cancers, viral diseases, and several metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE It is prudent to come up with some therapeutic entity that can prevent this damage and protects the blood from these ADRs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined protective effects of Plumbago zeylanica (PZ) and its active constituent plumbagin (PL) on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using a phenylhydrazine (Phz) induced hematotoxicity model. Hemoglobin (Hgb), red blood cells (RBCs), mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hgb (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), leukocytes and platelets were studied. Anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases 2 and 3 (SODs) and nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 1 and 2 (Nfer-1 and 2) were also studied using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS In Phz treated rats, the positive hematotoxic response was obtained in terms of deviated endpoints of blood indices. In PLtreated groups protective response was obtained in terms of normal endpoints of blood indices. In PCR studies, we observed the similar trend. Thus, it can be postulated that PL exerts its protective effects via modulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION The study proves that PL can be employed against combatting the ADRs associated with several therapeutic treatment regimens. Similar studies employing such pharmacological entities and their combinations may further prove to be effective against ADRs, especially in the context of blood cells. SUMMARY Hematotoxicity is generally encountered in various therapeutic regimens as ADRs (Adverse Drug Reactions). Plumbagin, an active constituent of plant Plumbago zeylanica is tested for its anti-hematotoxic potential in Phenylhydrazine induced hematotoxicity model in Sprague dawley rats. In vivo, in-vitro and molecular studies confirmed the peremptory actions of PL. It was revealed in our studies that the anti-hematotoxic actions of Plumbagin are due to its capacity to modulate anti-oxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shukla
- Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Molecular Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Singh
- Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India; Molecular Hematological Facility, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pawar A, Patel R, Arulmozhi S, Bothiraja C. d-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate conjugated folic acid nanomicelles: towards enhanced bioavailability, stability, safety, prolonged drug release and synergized anticancer effect of plumbagin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB) loadedd-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) with folic acid (FOL) conjugated nanomicelles achieved controlled and targeted delivery with synergized anticancer potency and reduced PLB toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
| | - Rabiya Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
| | - S. Arulmozhi
- Department of Pharmacology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
| | - C. Bothiraja
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Poona College of Pharmacy
- Pune-411038
- India
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Protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa in hypercholesterolemia and diabetes induced vascular tissue damage in rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:367-73. [PMID: 22546653 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of tannins from Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) on the lipid profile and antioxidant parameters in high fat meal and streptozotocin induced hypercholesteremia associated diabetes model in rats. METHODS The crude tannin fraction was separated from the acetone (70% v/v) bark extract of F. racemosa. Oral administration of tannin fraction (TF) (100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) to rats fed with high fat meal for 30 days (4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 0.5% egg albumin) and injected with streptozotocin (35 mg/kg i.p. in citrate buffer on 14th day). RESULTS The administration of TF significantly reverse the increased blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and also significantly restored the insulin and high density lipoprotein in the serum. In addition tannins significantly restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreased the, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, thereby restoring the antioxidant status of the organs to almost normal levels. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that two different doses of tannin supplementation had a favorable effect on plasma glucose and lipid profile concentrations. It also had an influence on attenuating oxidative stress in diabetic tats.
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Sunil Kumar MR, Kiran Aithal B, Udupa N, Sreenivasulu Reddy M, Raakesh V, Murthy R, Prudhvi Raju D, Satish Rao BS. Formulation of plumbagin loaded long circulating pegylated liposomes:in vivoevaluation in C57BL/6J mice bearing B16F1 melanoma. Drug Deliv 2011; 18:511-22. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.595840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mandala Rayabandla SK, Aithal K, Anandam A, Shavi G, Nayanabhirama U, Arumugam K, Musmade P, Bhat K, Bola Sadashiva SR. Preparation, in vitro characterization, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic evaluation of chitosan-based plumbagin microspheres in mice bearing B16F1 melanoma. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:103-13. [DOI: 10.3109/10717540903548447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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