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Tang F, Yan HL, Wang LX, Xu JF, Peng C, Ao H, Tan YZ. Review of Natural Resources With Vasodilation: Traditional Medicinal Plants, Natural Products, and Their Mechanism and Clinical Efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627458. [PMID: 33867985 PMCID: PMC8048554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, chronic diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) have plagued the world. Meanwhile, we have noticed a close association between CCVDs and vascular lesions, such as hypertension. More focus has been placed on TMPs and natural products with vasodilation and hypotension. TMPs with vasodilatory and hypotensive activities are mainly from Compositae, Lamiaceae, and Orchidaceae (such as V. amygdalina Del., T. procuinbens L., M. glomerata Spreng., K. galanga L., etc.) whereas natural products eliciting vasorelaxant potentials were primarily from flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids (such as apigenin, puerarin, curcumin, sinomenine, etc.). Furthermore, the data analysis showed that the vasodilatory function of TMPs was mainly concerned with the activation of eNOS, while the natural products were primarily correlated with the blockage of calcium channel. Thus, TMPs will be used as alternative drugs and nutritional supplements, while natural products will be considered as potential therapies for CCVDs in the future. This study provides comprehensive and valuable references for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and CCVDs and sheds light on the further studies in this regard. However, since most studies are in vitro and preclinical, there is a need for more in-depth researches and clinical trials to understand the potential of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ferreira GA, Felippe LC, Silva-Cavalcante MD, De-Mello APA, Coelho DB, Maranhão R, Bertuzzi R, Dolinsky M, De-Oliveira FR, Lima-Silva AE, Da-Silva KJ. Maytenus ilicifolia Extract Increases Oxygen Uptake without Changes in Neuromuscular Fatigue Development during a High-Intensity Interval Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:419-428. [PMID: 32790496 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1787906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of acute ingestion of Maytenus ilicifolia extract on metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses during a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and its consequence on neuromuscular fatigue. METHODS Ten healthy men underwent a HIIE (4 x 4 min, 3 min recovery) one hour after ingesting 400 mg of Maytenus ilicifolia extract (MIE) or placebo. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), dioxide carbon production (V̇CO2), ventilation (V̇E) and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout the HIIE. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), and evoked 1, 10 and 100 Hz force twitch were measured before supplementation (baseline), and before (pre-HIIE) and after the HIIE (post-HIIE). RESULTS The V̇O2, V̇E, V̇E/V̇O2 ratio and HR increased progressively throughout the HIIE under both conditions (p < 0.05). MIE increased HR, however, at bouts 1 and 2 and mean V̇O2 during HIIE. The mean respiratory exchange ratio during recovery was also reduced with MIE (p < 0.05). MVC and evoked force at 1, 10 and 100 Hz declined similarly after HIIE, regardless of the condition (MIE: -18 ± 17%, -50 ± 15%, -61 ± 13% and -34 ± 10% vs. placebo: -19 ± 15%, -48 ± 16%, -58 ± 12 and -29 ± 11%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no effect of exercise or MIE on VA (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION MIE increases heart rate in the first bouts and mean oxygen uptake during HIIE without changes in neuromuscular fatigue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A Ferreira
- Associated Program of Post-Graduation in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leandro C Felippe
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos D Silva-Cavalcante
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A De-Mello
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Center of Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Science, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Maranhão
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela Dolinsky
- Departament of Nutrition and Dietetic, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kleber J Da-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Périco LL, Rodrigues VP, de Almeida LFR, Fortuna-Perez AP, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA. Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1552-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Sá RR, Matos RA, Silva VC, da Cruz Caldas J, da Silva Sauthier MC, dos Santos WNL, Magalhães HIF, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Determination of bioactive phenolics in herbal medicines containing Cynara scolymus, Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reiss and Ptychopetalum uncinatum by HPLC-DAD. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Safety evaluation of supratherapeutic dose of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek e xtracts on fertility and neurobehavioral status of male and pregnant rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Da Silva RDCVA, de Souza P, da Silva-Santos JE. Increased diuresis, renal vascular reactivity, and blood pressure levels in young rats fed high sodium, moderately high fructose, or their association: a comparative evaluation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Excessive intakes of sodium or fructose have been described as risk factors for hypertension. We hypothesized that even a moderately high fructose diet (6% fructose), either alone or in combination with high sodium (4% NaCl), may impair diuresis and renal and systemic vascular reactivity, contributing to the onset of high blood pressure in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed chow containing 4% NaCl (HS), 6% fructose (MHF), or both 4% NaCl and 6% fructose (HSMHF) for 6 weeks and had their diuresis, plasma creatinine, vascular reactivity of perfused kidneys and systemic arterial pressure evaluated. We found no differences in augmented diuresis among animals given HS, MHF, or HSMHF diets. After 6 weeks both the HS and HSMHF groups had increased weight in their left kidneys, but only the HSMHF group showed augmented plasma creatinine. The effects of phenylephrine on renal vascular perfusion pressure were similarly enhanced in kidneys from the HS, MHF, and HSMHF groups, but not on the systemic arterial pressure. Although when evaluated in anesthetized rats, only the HSMHF group presented augmented blood pressure, evaluation in conscious animals revealed that both the MHF and HSMHF diets, but not the HS alone, were able to induce tachycardia and hypertension. In conclusion, a MHF diet containing 6% fructose was enough to render the renal vascular bed hyperreactive to phenylephrine and to induce both hypertension and tachycardia. The combination of 6% fructose with 4% NaCl led to plasma accumulation of creatinine and accelerated the development of tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Vilhena A.F. Da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Souza LM, Dartora N, Scoparo CT, Gorin PA, Iacomini M, Sassaki GL. Differentiation of flavonol glucoside and galactoside isomers combining chemical isopropylidenation with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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García-Pedraza JÁ, García M, Martín ML, Morán A. 5-HT1D receptor inhibits renal sympathetic neurotransmission by nitric oxide pathway in anesthetized rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Da Silva RDCVDAF, de Souza P, Crestani S, Gasparotto Júnior A, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, da Silva-Santos JE. Hypotensive and diuretic effect of the butanolic soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic extract of bark of Scutia buxifolia Reissek in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:395-401. [PMID: 26164074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scutia buxifolia, a native tree popularly known as "coronilha", is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for diuretic and anti-hypertensive purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the effects of a butanolic (BuOH) soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic extract (HESB) of bark of Scutia buxifolia on both blood pressure and urinary excretion of rats. The involvement of the nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway in the hypotensive effect found was also explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS We tested the effect of the BuOH soluble fraction of HESB on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) of anesthetized rats. The fraction was administered at doses of 1, 3 and 10mg/kg (i.v.) in normotensive rats during continuous infusion of vehicle (10 μl/min), or phenylephrine (4 μg/kg/min), or l-NAME (7 mg/kg/min), two approaches able to induce a sustained hypertensive state. In some experiments, a bolus injection of ODQ (2mg/kg) was administered in animals infused with phenylephrine before the administration of the BuOH soluble fraction of HESB. We also measured the effects of the BuOH soluble fraction on the MAP of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Separate groups of rats were treated orally with either HESB (10, 30 or 100mg/kg), or its BuOH soluble fraction (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg), and were subjected to measurement of diuresis and blood pressure. RESULTS The BuOH soluble fraction of HESB (10mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the MAP of both phenylephrine-infused and SHR rats by 20.6 ± 6.0 and 41.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg, respectively. However, no hypotensive effect was found in normotensive animals infused with l-NAME, a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, or animals previously treated with the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. The urinary excretion was increased by 70% at 6-8h after a single oral administration of the BuOH soluble fraction of HESB (10mg/kg), without change in urinary density, pH, or Na(+) and K(+) concentrations. In addition, MAP was lower 3h after the acute oral treatment with the BuOH soluble fraction (82.1 ± 3.8 mm Hg), compared with MAP of animals from the control group (97 ± 3.2 mm Hg). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the BuOH soluble fraction of the hydroethanolic bark of Scutia buxifolia, which has its bark used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension mainly by its presumed diuretic properties, possesses both diuretic and hypotensive effects in rats, and that at least the hypotensive effect is fully dependent on activation of the nitric oxide/guanylate cyclase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Crestani
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Aline A Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Athayde
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Alajmi MF, Alam P. Anti-inflammatory activity and qualitative analysis of different extracts of Maytenus obscura (A. Rich.) Cuf. by high performance thin layer chromatography method. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:152-7. [PMID: 25182287 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (AESF) and dichloromethane extract of aerial parts of Maytenus obscura (A. Rich.) Cuf. using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and to test anti-inflammatory activity of these extracts. METHODS HPTLC studies were carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat IV applicator, TLC scanner 3, Reprostar 3, CAMAG ADC 2 and WIN CATS-4 software were used. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested by injecting different groups of rats (6 each) with formalin in hind paw and measuring the edema volume before and 1 h later formalin injection. Control group received saline i.p. The extracts treatment was injected i.p. in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg 1 h before formalin administration. Indomethacin (30 mg/kg) was used as standard. RESULTS The results of preliminary phytochemical studies confirmed the presence of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid, alkaloid and anthraquinone in both extracts. Chromatography was performed on glass-backed silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with the green solvents toluene: ethyacetate: glacial acetic acid (5:3:0.2, v/v/v) as mobile phase. HPTLC finger printing of AESF revealed major eight peaks with Rf values in the range of 0.28 to 0.80 and the dichloromethane revealed major 11 peaks with Rf values in the range of 0.12 to 0.76. The purity of sample was confirmed by comparing the absorption spectra at start, middle and end position of the band. Treatment of rats (i.p.) with AESF and dichloromethane in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg inhibited singnificantly (P<0.05, n=6) formalin-induced inflammation by 50%, 55.9%, 45.5%, and 51.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HPTLC finger printing of AESF and dichloromethane of Maytenus obscura revealed eight major spots for alcoholic extracts and nine major spots for dichloromethane extracts. These HPTLC profiles may be of great usefulness in the quality control of herbal products containing these extracts. The anti-inflammatory activity of both extracts also revealed the medicinal importance of these extracts. The plant can be further explored for the isolation of phytoconstituents having anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Alajmi
- Deptartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Deptartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mendes MB, da Silva-Filho JC, Sabino CKB, Arcanjo DDR, Sousa CMM, Costa ICG, Chaves MH, Oliveira RDCM, Oliveira AP. Pharmacological evidence of α2-adrenergic receptors in the hypotensive effect of Platonia insignis mart. J Med Food 2014; 17:1079-85. [PMID: 25055183 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae) is a medicinal plant from the Brazilian Amazon region. The present study evaluated the biological potential of the ethanol extract (Pi-EtOH) and ethyl acetate fraction (Pi-EtOAc) of the P. insignis fruit shells on the cardiovascular system of rats. Pi-EtOH or Pi-EtOAc (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously in normotensive rats (260-300 g), and the mean arterial pressure and the heart rate were monitored. The Pi-EtOH induced hypotension (-11.56±0.89, -7.43±0.85, and -17.56±1.97 mmHg) followed by bradycardia in two highest doses (-8.89±3.62 and -15.79±1.83 beats/min) and Pi-EtOAc, at the same doses, induced hypotension (-11.2±1.03, -14.48±1.13, -29.89±2.67 mmHg) more intensively, followed by tachycardia at the dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (15.64±2.06, 19.31±1.92 beats/min) and bradycardia at a dose of 50 mg/kg (-9.98±7.33 beats/min). The hypotensive response from Pi-EtOAc was not attenuated when used in the pretreatment with L-NAME, verapamil, propranolol, and hexamethonium. However, when using yohimbine, the hypotensive effect was inhibited (-4.42±1.28 (P<.05), -3.29±0.99 (P<.05), 2.06±1.18 mmHg (P<.05); Student's t-test). Hence, the Pi-EtOAc seems to act similarly to the α2-adrenergic agonist in this hypotensive effect.
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García-Pedraza JÁ, García M, Martín ML, San Román L, Morán A. The role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and cyclooxygenase pathways in the inhibitory serotonergic response to the pressor effect elicited by sympathetic stimulation in chronic sarpogrelate treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 731:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Crestani S, Gasparotto Júnior A, Marques MCA, Sullivan JC, Webb RC, da Silva-Santos JE. Enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and systemic reactivity to angiotensin II in normotensive rats exposed to a high-sodium diet. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 60:67-74. [PMID: 24321189 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high salt diet is associated with reduced activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). However, normotensive rats exposed to high sodium do not show changes in systemic arterial pressure. We hypothesized that, despite the reduced circulating amounts of angiotensin II induced by a high salt diet, the cardiovascular system's reactivity to angiotensin II is increased in vivo, contributing to maintain arterial pressure at normal levels. Male Wistar rats received chow containing 0.27% (control), 2%, 4%, or 8% NaCl for six weeks. The high-sodium diet did not lead to changes in arterial pressure, although plasma levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone were reduced in the 4% and 8% NaCl groups. The 4% and 8% NaCl groups showed enhanced pressor responses to angiotensin I and II, accompanied by unchanged and increased angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, respectively. The 4% NaCl group showed increased expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptors and reduced expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptors in the aorta. In addition, the hypotensive effect of losartan was reduced in both 4% and 8% NaCl groups. In conclusion these results explain, at least in part, why the systemic arterial pressure is maintained at normal levels in non-salt sensitive and healthy rats exposed to a high salt diet, when the functionality of RAAS appears to be blunted, as well as suggest that angiotensin II has a crucial role in the vascular dysfunction associated with high salt intake, even in the absence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Crestani
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Maria C A Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - J Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Leme TDSV, Prando TBL, Gasparotto FM, de Souza P, Crestani S, de Souza LM, Cipriani TR, Lourenço ELB, Gasparotto A. Role of prostaglandin/cAMP pathway in the diuretic and hypotensive effects of purified fraction of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reissek (Celastraceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:154-161. [PMID: 23993909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Maytenus ilicifolia is used in Brazilian folk medicine as a diuretic drug, no study has been conducted to this date in order to evaluate this ethnopharmacological statement. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible mechanisms involved in acute diuretic activity of the ethanolic supernatant of the infusion (SEI) obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia and to assess its relationship with a hypotensive activity by a bioassay-guided fractionation using normotensive Wistar rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The preparation obtained from the infusion (SEI) and their respective fractions (Fr·H2O and Fr·EtOAc) were orally administered in a single dose to rats. The urine excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity and content of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-) and HCO3(-) were measured in the urine of saline-loaded animals. Samples of the concentration of electrolytes, urea, creatinine, aldosterone, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were evaluated in collected serum. The hypotensive activity and the involvement of nitric oxide, bradykinin and prostaglandin/cAMP pathway in the hypotensive and diuretic effects were also determined. RESULTS Water and Na(+) excretion rate were significantly increased by Fr·EtOAc and the arterial pressure was significantly reduced, while the urinary excretion of potassium and chloride were reduced. Pre-treatment with indomethacin or DDA (2',5'-dideoxyadenosine) significantly reduced the hypotensive and diuretic activity observed. All other parameters evaluated were not affected by any treatment. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that Fr·EtOAc obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia may present compounds responsible for diuretic and hypotensive activities, and this effect, could involve the prostaglandin/cAMP pathway.
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Alajmi MF, Alam P. HPTLC finger print and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of different Maytenus species grown in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de-Faria FM, Almeida ACA, Luiz-Ferreira A, Dunder RJ, Takayama C, da Silva MS, da Silva MA, Vilegas W, Rozza AL, Pellizzon CH, Toma W, Souza-Brito ARM. Mechanisms of action underlying the gastric antiulcer activity of the Rhizophora mangle L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:234-243. [PMID: 22100564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizophora mangle, the red mangrove, has long been known as a traditional antiulcer medicine. The present work evaluated the mechanisms of action involved in the anti-ulcer properties of the Rhizophora mangle bark extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastroprotection of Rhizophora mangle was evaluated in rodent experimental models (ethanol). To elucidate the mechanisms of action the antisecretory action and involvement of NO, SH, mucus and PGE(2) were evaluated. The acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model, Western blotting assay (COX-1, COX-2 and EGF) and immunohistochemical localization of HSP-70, PCNA and COX-2 were also used to evaluate the Rhizophora mangle healing properties. RESULTS Results showed that Rhizophora mangle bark crude extract (CE), as well as ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and butanolic fractions (BuOH) provided significant gastroprotection at all the tested doses. Thereby, the following protocols were performed using the lowest dose capable of producing the most effective gastroprotection, which was the BuOH 0.5mg/kg (P<0.001). Several mechanisms are involved in the antiulcer activity of Rhizophora mangle, such as, participation of NO, SH and mucus. The enhancement of PGE(2) levels and the upregulation of COX-2 and EGF seem to be directly linked to the antisecretory, cytoprotective and healing effects of BuOH. HSP-70 and PCNA are also involved in this cicatrisation process. No sign of toxicity was observed in this study, considering the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSION Our study reinforces its traditional medicinal use. Considering that the current therapies are based on the use of antisecretory or cytoprotective drugs, the Rhizophora mangle arises as a promising alternative antiulcer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Meira de-Faria
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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