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Gual I, Campero LM, Hecker YP, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Leunda MR, Odeón AC, Campero CM, Torioni de Echaide S, Echaide IE, Estein SM, Ortega-Mora LM, Moore DP. Parasitemia and Associated Immune Response in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Beef Cows Naturally Infected With Neospora caninum. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:905271. [PMID: 35774976 PMCID: PMC9238358 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.905271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal study was to characterize the parasitemia of Neospora caninum and the associated immunological parameters in naturally infected beef cows for 10 months. The following groups were established: Neospora caninum seropositive pregnant cows (+Preg, n = 7), seropositive non-pregnant cows (+Npreg, n = 7), seronegative pregnant cows (−Preg, n = 4), and seronegative non-pregnant cows (−Npreg, n = 4). Several samples were obtained for absolute and relative leukocyte counting, cytokines IL-10, IL-12, α-TNF, and γ-IFN quantification, specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 and avidity and N. caninum DNA molecular detection and quantification. The +Preg group had a higher frequency and concentration of N. caninum DNA in PBMC in the last third of pregnancy compared to +Npreg (p <0.05), with 22 and 8% of detection, respectively. Parasitemia correlated positively with IgG titers and negatively with IgG1/IgG2 ratio (p <0.05). On day 222 of the assay, the +Preg group had the lowest total leukocyte counting (p <0.05). The +Preg group had a higher concentration of IgG and higher avidity in the last third of gestation compared to +Npreg (p <0.05). Avidity correlated with total IgG and IgG2 (p <0.05). All +Preg cows gave birth to clinically healthy but seropositive calves before colostrum intake, therefore, the congenital transmission was 100% efficient. Only a complete N. caninum genotype from a placenta and a partial genotype from cow #3 of the group +Preg were achieved by multilocus microsatellite analysis. Overall, N. caninum parasitemia is frequent in seropositive beef cows during the last third of gestation. This correlates with higher antibody levels and a decrease in total leukocyte counting. The precise timing of the parasitemia may be used for diagnosis purposes and/or for design strategies to avoid vertical transmission. Further studies are needed to identify the immune molecular mechanisms that favor parasitemia during gestation in chronically infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gual
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Lucía María Campero
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (CONICET-INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Yanina Paola Hecker
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (CONICET-INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- Grupo SALUVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Leunda
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Carlos Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carlos Manuel Campero
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Susana Torioni de Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Eduardo Echaide
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marcela Estein
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CONICET-UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Grupo SALUVET, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dadín Prando Moore
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce (CONICET-INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Dadín Prando Moore
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