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Yang H, Wang Z, Huang Z, He J, Liu Z, Chen Y, Tian L, Huang Q, Liu T. Development and validation of diffusion-controlled model for predicting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from baking-free brick derived from oil - based drilling cuttings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116497. [PMID: 36270129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the release of organic pollutants from bricks made from solid waste is essential. Based on Fick's laws of diffusion, the diffusion model and diffusion-degradation model of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission from the bricks were deduced. The degradation and 64-day emission of PAHs in solid bricks made of oil-based drill cuttings were observed experimentally. The emission and degradation characteristics of 14 PAHs were obtained and fitted with the diffusion and diffusion-degradation models. The emission of most of the PAHs from the bricks at the beginning was in good agreement with the diffusion model, except for benzo[a]anthracene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene. However, the emission of PAHs after some time was significantly lower than the theoretical value of the diffusion model. Moreover, fitting with the diffusion-degradation model gave better results, indicating that a joint diffusion-degradation mechanism controlled the emission of PAHs. Therefore, the diffusion-degradation model can better predict the long-term emission of PAHs in bricks made of oil-based drill cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Haidian District Bureau of Ecological Environment of Beijing Municipality, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zechun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Séby F, Vacchina V. Critical assessment of hexavalent chromium species from different solid environmental, industrial and food matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang Z, Ru J, Liu L, Wang X, Zhang Z. Long-term leaching behaviours of cement composites prepared by hazardous wastes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27602-27609. [PMID: 35542744 PMCID: PMC9083495 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02773k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the long-term environmental impact of Eco-Ordinary Portland Cement (EOPC) prepared by municipal solid wastes (MSS) and hazardous wastes (HW), consecutive leaching tests with a time span of 180 days were conducted on the EOPC composites in the compact and ground forms under deionized and saline water conditions. The results show that the heavy metals investigated can be classified into three groups according to their leaching behaviours. The concentrations of V, Pb, Ni, Ba, Cd and Zn in the leachate increase with the leaching time, which can be classified into the first group. Cu and Sn are in the second group, and their concentrations increase initially, and decline afterward. Cr and As are in the third group, and their concentrations decline firstly, followed by a clear increase. Besides, a kinetic study was also conducted in the present study, revealing that the leaching behaviours of heavy metals follow a second-order model. Furthermore, our results suggest that the EOPC is resistant to the saline water, but the application of such materials in marine conditions should be paid attention to due to the pollution of arsenic. In order to evaluate the long-term environmental impact of Eco-Ordinary Portland Cement (EOPC) prepared by hazardous wastes, long-term leaching tests were conducted on the EOPC composites under deionized and saline water conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management
- Department of Energy and Resource Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Ji Ru
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management
- Department of Energy and Resource Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Xidong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management
- Department of Energy and Resource Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City
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Drinčić A, Nikolić I, Zuliani T, Milačič R, Ščančar J. Long-term environmental impacts of building composites containing waste materials: Evaluation of the leaching protocols. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:340-349. [PMID: 27838160 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The NEN 7375 test has been proposed for evaluating the long-term environmental impacts caused by the release of contaminants from monolithic building and waste materials. Over a period of 64days, at specific points in time, the leaching solution (demineralised water) is replenished. By applying the NEN 7375 test, leaching of contaminants that is based mainly on diffusion is followed. In the present work, the results from modified leaching protocols were evaluated against those obtained by NEN 7375 test. In modified protocols, synthetic sea, surface and MilliQ water were used for the leaching of selected elements and chromate, molybdate and vanadate from compact and ground building composites (98% mixture of fly ash (80%) and cement (20%), and 2% of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust) over 6months. The leaching solutions were not replenished, imitating both the diffusion and the dissolution of contaminants. The data revealed larger extent of leaching when the leaching solution was not replenished. More extensive was also leaching from ground composites, which simulated the disintegration of the material over time. The composition of the leaching solution influenced the release of the matrix constituents from the composites and, consequently, the amount of elements and their chemical species. Synthetic sea and surface water used as leaching solutions, without replenishing, were found to be suitable to simulate the conditions when the building material is immersed in stagnant environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Drinčić
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Nikolić
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Tea Zuliani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Serjun VZ, Mladenovič A, Mirtič B, Meden A, Ščančar J, Milačič R. Recycling of ladle slag in cement composites: Environmental impacts. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:376-385. [PMID: 26008145 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work compact and ground cement composites in which 30% of cement by mass was replaced by ladle slag were investigated for their chemical and physico-mechanical properties. To evaluate long-term environmental impacts, leachability test based on diffusion, which combined both, diffusion and dissolution of contaminants, was performed in water and saline water. Total element concentrations and Cr(VI) were determined in leachates over a time period of 180days. At the end of the experiment, the mineralogical composition and the physico-mechanical stability of cement composites was also assessed. The results revealed that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were immobilized by the hydration products formed in the cement composites with the addition of ladle slag. Cr(VI) content originating from the cement was also appreciably reduced by Fe(II) from minerals present in the added ladle slag, which thus had significant positive environmental effects. Among metals, only Mo and Ba were leached in elevated concentrations, but solely in ground cement composites with the addition of ladle slag. Lower V concentrations were observed in leachates of ground than compact composite. It was demonstrated that the presence of ladle slag in cement composites can even contribute to improved mortar resistance. The investigated ladle slag can be successfully implemented in cement composites as supplementary cementitious material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Zalar Serjun
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Mladenovič
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Breda Mirtič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Geology, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anton Meden
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Ščančar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Milačič R, Zuliani T, Oblak T, Mladenovič A, Ančar JŠ. Environmental impacts of asphalt mixes with electric arc furnace steel slag. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2011; 40:1153-1161. [PMID: 21712585 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag can be used as an alternative high-quality material in road construction. Although asphalts with slag aggregates have been recognized as environmentally acceptable, there is a lack of data concerning the potential leaching of toxic Cr(VI) due to the highly alkaline media of EAF slag. Leaching of selected water extractable metals from slag indicated elevated concentrations of total chromium and Cr(VI). To estimate the environmental impacts of asphalt mixes with slag, leachability tests based on diffusion were performed using pure water and salt water as leaching agents. Compact and ground asphalt composites with natural aggregates, and asphalt composites in which the natural aggregates were completely replaced by slag were prepared. The concentrations of total chromium and Cr(VI) were determined in leachates over a time period of 6 mo. After 1 and 6 mo, the concentrations of some other metals were also determined in the leachates. The results indicated that chromium in leachates from asphalt composites with the addition of slag was present almost solely in its hexavalent form. However, the concentrations were very low (below 25 μg L) and did not represent an environmental burden. The leaching of other metals from asphalt composites with the addition of slag was negligible. Therefore, the investigated EAF slag can be considered as environmentally safe substitute for natural aggregates in asphalt mixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Unceta N, Séby F, Malherbe J, Donard OFX. Chromium speciation in solid matrices and regulation: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1097-111. [PMID: 20099060 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the extensive use of chromium in industrial processes has led to the promotion of several directives and recommendations by the European Union, that try to limit and regulate the presence of Cr(VI) in the environment and to protect industrial workers using chromium and end-users of manufactured products. As a consequence, new standard methods and analytical procedures have been published at the EU level for Cr(VI) determination in soil, sludge, sediment, and similar waste materials, workplace atmospheres, cement, packaging materials, industrially produced samples, and corrosion-protection layers on some components of vehicles and electrical and electronic equipment. The objective of this article is to summarize the different directives and recommendations and to critically review the currently existing standard methods and the methods published in the literature for chromium speciation in the above mentioned solid matrices, putting the emphasis on the different extraction procedures which have been developed for each matrix. Particular attention has been paid to Cr(III) and Cr(VI) inter-conversions that can occur during extraction and efforts to minimize these unwanted reactions. Although the use of NaOH-Na(2)CO(3) solutions with hot plate extraction seems to be the more widespread procedure, species transformation can still occur and several studies suggest that speciated isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS) could be a suitable tool for correction of these interconversions. Besides, recent studies have proved the role of Cr(III) in chromium toxicology. As a consequence, the authors suggest an update of standard methods in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Unceta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Sturm T, Milacic R, Murko S, Vahcic M, Mladenovic A, Suput JS, Scancar J. The use of EAF dust in cement composites: assessment of environmental impact. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 166:277-283. [PMID: 19097693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electric arc filter dust (EAF dust) is a waste by-product which occurs in the production of steel. Instead of being disposed of, it can be used in cement composites for civil engineering, and for balances in washing machines. To estimate the environmental impact of the use of EAF dust in cement composites leachability tests based on diffusion were performed using water and salt water as leaching agents. Compact and ground cement composites, and cement composites with addition of 1.5% of EAF dust by mass were studied. The concentrations of total Cr and Cr(VI) were determined in leachates over a time period of 175 days. At the end of the experiment the concentrations of some other metals were also determined in leachates. The results indicated that Cr in leachates was present almost solely in its hexavalent form. No leaching of Cr(VI) was observed in aqueous leachates from compact cement composites and compact cement composites to which different quantities of EAF dust have been added. In ground cement composites and in ground cement composites with addition of EAF dust, Cr(VI) was leached with water in very low concentrations up to 5 microg L(-1). Cr(VI) concentrations were higher in salt water leachates. In compact and ground cement composites with addition of EAF dust Cr(VI) concentrations were 40 and 100 microg L(-1), respectively. It was experimentally found that addition of EAF dust had almost no influence on leaching of Cr(VI) from cement composites. Leaching of Cr(VI) originated primarily from cement. Leaching of other metals from composites investigated did not represent an environmental burden. From the physico-mechanical and environmental aspects EAF dust can be used as a component in cement mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sturm
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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