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Chandra S, Ganguly R, Parmar D. Assessment of gas generation and energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Kanpur city, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1107. [PMID: 37642821 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The study reported herein presents the methane generation potential from municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Kanpur city using four established methods, namely: the IPCC Default Method (DM), EPER Germany, The IPCC First Order Decay (FOD) method, and the Modified Triangular Method (MTM). Results revealed that the average maximum and minimum emissions with respect to total MSW generated and considered over the study period were obtained in the IPCC Default Method (19.17Gg/year) and the MTM (1.00Gg/year), respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis carried out revealed that the MTM method is the least uncertain method in predicting the methane emissions. Energy generation using the Yedla method and the Stoichiometric method was also carried out, highlighting the potential for energy recovery using methane emissions. The total energy generation potential using the Yedla method over the entire study period was determined to be 924 TJ, with an increased potential of 30% between the periods of 2022 to 2031. According to the study, there exists significant potential for effectively managing the greenhouse gas emissions from open dumpsite by harnessing the methane produced and using it for energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Chandra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208002, India
| | - Rajiv Ganguly
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208002, India.
| | - Dipteek Parmar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208002, India
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2
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Rodrigues MC, Silveira EA, Brasil Junior ACP. On the correlation between thermal imagery and fugitive CH 4 emissions from MSW landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 166:163-170. [PMID: 37172517 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill gas (LFG) is related to the biochemical processes generating heat and releasing CH4, CO2, and other gases in lower concentrations, which result in environmental impacts and risk of local explosion. Thermal infrared imagery (TIR) is employed to detect CH4 leakage as a risk control approach. However, the challenge for LFG leakage detection using TIR is establishing a relation between the gas flux and the ground temperature. This study evaluates the problem of a heated gas flowing through a porous medium column where the upward surface exchanges heat by radiation and convection to the environment. A heat transfer model that considers the upward LFG flow is proposed, and a sensibility analysis is developed to relate the flux to the ground temperature level in the condition of non-income solar radiation. An explicit equation to predict CH4 fugitive flow as a function of temperature anomalies of the ground was presented for the first time. The results show that the predicted ground surface temperatures are consistent with the literature's experimental observations. Moreover, the model was complementarily applied to a Brazilian landfill, with in situ TIR measurements in an area with a slightly fractured cover. In this field observation, the predicted CH4 flux was around 9025 g m-2 d-1. Model limitations concerning the soil homogeneity, the transient variation of atmospheric conditions or local pressure, and soil temperature difference in low-flux conditions (related to TIR-cameras accuracy) require further validation. Results could help landfill monitoring in conditions of a high-temperature ground anomaly in dry seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela C Rodrigues
- University of Brasília, Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Energy and Environment, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Edgar A Silveira
- University of Brasília, Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Energy and Environment, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C P Brasil Junior
- University of Brasília, Mechanical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Energy and Environment, Brasília, Brazil.
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3
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Francis A, Li S, Griffiths C, Sienz J. Gas source localization and mapping with mobile robots: A review. J FIELD ROBOT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/rob.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Francis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Christian Griffiths
- Department of General Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea UK
| | - Johann Sienz
- Department of General Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University Swansea UK
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4
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Duan Z, Scheutz C, Kjeldsen P. Mitigation of methane emissions from three Danish landfills using different biocover systems. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 149:156-167. [PMID: 35738145 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of biocover systems is an emerging methodology in reducing methane (CH4) emissions from landfills. This study investigated the performance of three biocover systems with different designs (biowindow and passively and actively loaded biofilters) in mitigating CH4 emissions from three landfills in Denmark. A series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the functionality of each system, and total CH4 emissions from relevant landfill sections or the entire landfill were measured before and after biocover implementation. Surface CH4 concentration screening and local CH4 fluxes showed generally low emissions from the biowindow/biofilters (mostly < 5 g CH4 m-2 d-1), although some hotspots were identified on two actively loaded biofilters. One passively loaded biofilter exhibited high CH4 emissions, mainly due to gas overloading into the system. Gas concentration profiles measured at different locations suggested uneven gas distribution in the biofilters, and significant CH4 oxidation occurred in both the gas distribution layer (when oxygen was fed into the system) and the CH4 oxidation layer. High CH4 oxidation efficiencies of above 95% were found in all systems except for one biofilter (55%). Whole-site emission measurements showed CH4 reduction efficiencies between 29 and 72% after implementing biocover systems at the three landfills, suggesting that they were efficient in reducing CH4 emissions. The most challenging task for the passively loaded biocover systems was to control gas flow and secure homogenous gas distribution, while for actively loaded biocovers, it might be more important to eliminate emission hotspots for better functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Duan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Sliusar N, Filkin T, Huber-Humer M, Ritzkowski M. Drone technology in municipal solid waste management and landfilling: A comprehensive review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:1-16. [PMID: 34923184 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The paper discusses the experience of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the management of municipal solid waste landfills and dumpsites. Although the use of drones at waste disposal sites (WDS) has a more than ten-year history, the active application of these technologies has increased in the last 3-4 years. The paper analyzes scientific publications of 2010-2021 (July) and identifies the main WDS management task groups for which the solution of UAV can be used. It illustrates that most of the research is devoted to studying spatial and volumetric characteristics of landfills, which is connected with the practical needs. About a quarter of the publications focus on monitoring the emissions of landfill gas or its individual components, mainly methane. Issues of a comprehensive assessment of the technological and environmental safety of landfills and dumps are covered in the scientific literature fragmentarily and insufficiently. At the same time, the current level of technologies for collecting and processing remote sensing air data (UAV, sensors for aerial imagery, software for photogrammetric processing of aerial imagery data, geographic information systems (GIS)) makes it possible to identify and assess many environmental effects of landfills and dumps and to monitor compliance with the standards for the landfills operation, which could bring management of these facilities to a fundamentally different level. Promising areas of further research in the field of UAV application at WDS are indicated: development of processes for automatic interpretation of aerial imagery materials; product analysis of photogrammetric data processing in a GIS environment, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sliusar
- Environmental Protection Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolskiy Prospect, 29, Perm 614990, Russia.
| | - Timofey Filkin
- Environmental Protection Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolskiy Prospect, 29, Perm 614990, Russia.
| | - Marion Huber-Humer
- Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 107/III, 1190 Wien, Austria.
| | - Marco Ritzkowski
- HiiCCE - Hamburg Institute for Innovation, Climate Protection and Circular Economy GmbH, Unternehmen der Stadtreinigung Hamburg AöR, Kritenbarg 7, 22391 Hamburg, Germany.
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Scheutz C, Kjeld A, Fredenslund AM. Methane emissions from Icelandic landfills - A comparison between measured and modelled emissions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:136-145. [PMID: 34968899 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study compares methane (CH4) emissions from five Icelandic landfills, quantified using tracer gas dispersion to modelled emission rates using the IPCC FOD model. The average CH4 emission rates measured from the investigated landfills were 475.4 kg CH4 h-1 (Álfsnes landfill), 32.5 kg CH4 h-1 (Fíflholt), 40.8 kg CH4 h-1 (Gufunes), 9.8 kg CH4 h-1 (Kirkjuferjuhjáleiga) and 78.4 kg CH4 h-1 (Stekkjarvík). At three of the landfills (Álfsnes, Fíflholt and Kirkjuferjuhjáleiga), the modelled emission was higher than the measured emission by factors ranging from 1.1 to 4.8, neglecting any CH4 oxidation in the cover soils. Even though CH4 oxidation might play a role at some of the investigated landfills, and thus reduce the gap between modelled and measured emissions, it is likely that the model overestimated CH4 generation due to uncertainties in input model parameters. Assuming that the measured emissions at the five landfills are representative of all the waste disposed in Iceland from 2007 to 2016, the measured emission should be extrapolated to 817 kg CH4 h-1, which is relatively close to the modelled national emission of 936 kg CH4 h-1 in 2017. This study showed that the application of the IPCC FOD model at national level is appropriate for estimating landfill CH4 emissions in Iceland. CH4 emissions from landfills in Iceland can be reduced by expanding or implementing gas collection or biocover systems for optimised microbial oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Kjeld
- Efla Consulting Engineers, Iceland
| | - A M Fredenslund
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Huang D, Du Y, Xu Q, Ko JH. Quantification and control of gaseous emissions from solid waste landfill surfaces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114001. [PMID: 34731706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most common option for solid waste disposal worldwide. Landfill sites can emit significant quantities of greenhouse gases (GHGs; e.g., methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) and release toxic and odorous compounds (e.g., sulfides). Due to the complex composition and characteristics of landfill surface gas emissions, the quantification and control of landfill emissions are challenging. This review attempts to comprehensively understand landfill emission quantification and control options by primarily focusing on GHGs and odor compounds. Landfill emission quantification was highlighted by combining different emissions monitoring approaches to improve the quality of landfill emission data. Also, landfill emission control requires a specific approach that targets emission compounds or a systematic approach that reduces overall emissions by combining different control methods since the diverse factors dominate the emissions of various compounds and their transformation. This integrated knowledge of emission quantification and control options for GHGs and odor compounds is beneficial for establishing field monitoring campaigns and incorporating mitigation strategies to quantify and control multiple landfill emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China; School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yue Du
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Mello CCDS, Salim DHC, Simões GF. UAV-based landfill operation monitoring: A year of volume and topographic measurements. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 137:253-263. [PMID: 34808434 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for photogrammetry operations configures a technology capable of extracting quantitative information from land surface in a fast, accurate and safe way, reproducing it in high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and orthomosaics. Due to the operational efficiency of this technique, there is an interest in evaluating its quality compared to other methodologies traditionally used for monitoring procedures in infrastructure earthwork. In sanitary landfills, operational monitoring is directly linked to topographic services, as these are the main source of data for the geometric assessment of the work. In this context, the aim of the study was to verify accuracy and application range of UAV photogrammetry for geometrical and volumetric measurements, when compared to usual conventional survey procedures using total station, and how it can aggregate reliable data to landfills monitoring activities. UAV flights were carried on monthly basis, over a year. For accuracy analysis, the maximum RMSE error observed was 7.1 cm for horizontal axis and 0.37 cm for vertical axis for the monitoring period. Volumetric measurements were tested using Ground Control Point (GCPs) configurations distributed first at the landfill perimeter, which resulted in an average difference of 9% from that calculated by conventional topography, and measurements where GCPs were placed also in the landfill operation fronts, when a 4% average difference diverging from conventional topography was obtained. The conclusion shows that such monitoring routines, when performed periodically, provides a robust database with a high level of operational performance, covering effective information for preventive and corrective monitoring in landfill projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Simões
- Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Engineering, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Shaw JT, Shah A, Yong H, Allen G. Methods for quantifying methane emissions using unmanned aerial vehicles: a review. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200450. [PMID: 34565219 PMCID: PMC8473951 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methane is an important greenhouse gas, emissions of which have vital consequences for global climate change. Understanding and quantifying the sources (and sinks) of atmospheric methane is integral for climate change mitigation and emission reduction strategies, such as those outlined in the 2015 UN Paris Agreement on Climate Change. There are ongoing international efforts to constrain the global methane budget, using a wide variety of measurement platforms across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology over the past decade have opened up a new avenue for methane emission quantification. UAVs can be uniquely equipped to monitor natural and anthropogenic emissions at local scales, displaying clear advantages in versatility and manoeuvrability relative to other platforms. Their use is not without challenge, however: further miniaturization of high-performance methane instrumentation is needed to fully use the benefits UAVs afford. Developments in the models used to simulate atmospheric transport and dispersion across small, local scales are also crucial to improved flux accuracy and precision. This paper aims to provide an overview of currently available UAV-based technologies and sampling methodologies which can be used to quantify methane emission fluxes at local scales. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 1)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Shaw
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adil Shah
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS, UVSQ UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Han Yong
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Grant Allen
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Detecting and quantifying methane emissions is gaining an increasingly vital role in mitigating emissions for the oil and gas industry through early detection and repair and will aide our understanding of how emissions in natural ecosystems are playing a role in the global carbon cycle and its impact on the climate. Traditional methods of measuring and quantifying emissions utilize chamber methods, bagging individual equipment, or require the release of a tracer gas. Advanced leak detection techniques have been developed over the past few years, utilizing technologies, such as optical gas imaging, mobile surveyors equipped with sensitive cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS), and manned aircraft and satellite approaches. More recently, sUAS-based approaches have been developed to provide, in some ways, cheaper alternatives that also offer sensing advantages to traditional methods, including not being constrained to roadways and being able to access class G airspace (0–400 ft) where manned aviation cannot travel. This work looks at reviewing methods of quantifying methane emissions that can be, or are, carried out using small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) as well as traditional methods to provide a clear comparison for future practitioners. This includes the current limitations, capabilities, assumptions, and survey details. The suggested technique for LDAQ depends on the desired accuracy and is a function of the survey time and survey distance. Based on the complexity and precision, the most promising sUAS methods are the near-field Gaussian plume inversion (NGI) and the vertical flux plane (VFP), which have comparable accuracy to those found in conventional state-of-the-art methods.
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Ta Bui L, Hoang Nguyen P, Chau My Nguyen D. A web based methane emissions modelling platform: Models and software development. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 134:120-135. [PMID: 34418742 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a platform using a modelling and web technology approach to estimate methane emissions from landfills to assess methane emissions across the region. The web technology-based software EnLandFill, which was developed, allows users to log in, interact with landfill databases, and document and extract information regarding landfill emissions. Models that integrate web technology with databases and geographic information systems (GIS) are described. One of the achievements of this study was the development of an inverse algorithm to determine the waste source capacity according to a dispersion model, accounting for complex terrain and meteorological time-series data extracted from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. EnLandFill software was applied to quantify CH4 emissions for key developing regions, predicting approximately 158,977 tonnes, equivalent to 167,786,878 m3 of CH4 for the period of 2019 - 2030. The software also allows the evaluation of the scope and level of impacts of landfill emissions under given meteorological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ta Bui
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Phong Hoang Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duyen Chau My Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modelling, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Kim YM, Park MH, Jeong S, Lee KH, Kim JY. Evaluation of error inducing factors in unmanned aerial vehicle mounted detector to measure fugitive methane from solid waste landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:368-376. [PMID: 33662768 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many methods have been applied to monitor fugitive methane gas from landfills. Recently, there have been suggestions to use a framework utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for landfill gas monitoring, and several field campaigns have proved that a rotary UAV-based measurement has advantages of ease of control and high-resolution concentration mapping on the target planes. However, research on the evaluation of error-inducing factors in the suggested system is limited so far. This study prepared a measurement system with a lightweight methane detector and a rotary UAV to support the applicability of rotary UAV in landfill gas monitoring. Then, the validity of the system was tested experimentally and theoretically. In the detector reliability test, the methane detector had sufficient resolution for field application. The critical UAV velocity required was obtained to ensure the credibility of the proposed measurement system. When spatial interpolators were applied to field data from the measurement system, the empirical Bayesian kriging demonstrated the best prediction of methane concentrations at unmeasured points. With the verifications provided in this study, this proposed method may contribute to reducing uncertainty in estimating fugitive landfill gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Min Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ho Park
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjae Jeong
- Department of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho Lee
- Resource Recirculation Technology Research Center, Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation, Incheon 22688, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The monitoring of waste disposal sites is important in order to minimize leakages of biogas, produced by anaerobic digestion and potentially explosive and detrimental to the environment. In this research, thermal imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool to monitor urban landfills. Since the anaerobic decomposition produces heat along with biogas, thermal anomalies recorded over the soil are likely to be associated with local biogas escaping from the landfill terrain and leaving a local thermal print. A simple and novel approach, based only on the processing of thermal maps gathered by the remote sensing surveys, has been proposed for the estimation of the fugitive methane emissions from landfills. Two case studies, concerning two Italian landfills, have been presented. For one of them (Mount Scarpino, Genoa), significant thermal anomalies were identified during several UAV flights and the relevant thermal images processed to obtain a rough estimation of the associated methane leakages. For the second landfill (Scala Erre, Sassari), the thermal map did not reveal any anomaly attributable to local biogas emission. Despite some limitations outlined in the paper, the present approach is proposed as an innovative method to identify significant biogas leakages from an urban landfill and to provide a preliminary evaluation of the methane production potential.
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Bui LT, Nguyen PH. Integrated model for methane emission and dispersion assessment from landfills: A case study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139865. [PMID: 32574915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane is considered to be one of the main causes of global warming. Quantifying methane emissions from landfills is the subject of many studies, especially emphasizing the role of two parameters: methane generation potential capacity (L0), methane generation rate (k). In this study, we propose a system of integrated environmental information and mathematical model named EnLandFill (ENvironmental information - model integrated system for air emission and dispersion estimation from LandFill) that allows calculation L0 from database and experimentally to determine optimal k. To perform experimental calculations, meteorological data were extracted from the WRF model and verified with real measurements. The novelty of this study lies in the inferred database system, the math model bank, especially the dispersion model, taking note account the complex topography, meteorological factors that change by the hour. EnLandFill was applied to Phuoc Hiep Landfill (PHLF) in Ho Chi Minh City as a case study, the results have identified the amount of methane released that is equal to 44,094,697.88 m3/year in 2019, but EnLandFill is designed to be general, applicable to other landfill entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ta Bui
- Laboratory for Environmental Modeling, University of Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Phong Hoang Nguyen
- Laboratory for Environmental Modeling, University of Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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15
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Fjelsted L, Christensen AG, Larsen JE, Kjeldsen P, Scheutz C. Closing the methane mass balance for an old closed Danish landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:179-189. [PMID: 31678804 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a methane (CH4) mass balance was established for Hedeland landfill. CH4 generation rates were modelled using a multiphase first-order decay model (The Afvalzorg model) and determined at between 57 and 79 kg h-1. The CH4 emission rate was quantified at between 2 and 14 kg h-1, using the tracer gas dispersion method and the CH4 gas recovery efficiency was between 8 and 21%. At three places along the perimeter of the landfill, gas remediation systems have been installed to protect the residential houses from any risk of migrating landfill gas. About 0.76 kg h-1 of CH4 was extracted from these three remediation systems. Using a carbon mass balance for the lateral migrating landfill gas showed a fractional oxidation of about 78%, which corresponded to a CH4 flux of 3.5 kg h-1 from the three remediation systems, including the oxidised CH4. The total lateral CH4 flux (un-oxidised) from the total landfill perimeter was estimated at between 6.9 and 10.4 kg h-1. CH4 oxidation efficiency in the landfill cover soil, determined from stable carbon isotope analyses, was found to be between 12% and 92%. This resulted in an average CH4 oxidation rate of 32 kg h-1, using an average CH4 emission rate of 8 kg h-1. CH4 surface screenings and surface flux measurements supported the hypothesis that oxidation efficiency was in the higher range and that oxidation could close the CH4 mass balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fjelsted
- Niras A/S, Sortemosevej 19, DK-3450 Allerød, Denmark; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - J E Larsen
- Niras A/S, Sortemosevej 19, DK-3450 Allerød, Denmark
| | - P Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Beaven R, Scheutz C. Landfill gas emission monitoring. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:833-834. [PMID: 30871876 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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17
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Mønster J, Kjeldsen P, Scheutz C. Methodologies for measuring fugitive methane emissions from landfills - A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:835-859. [PMID: 30660403 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fugitive methane (CH4) emissions from landfills are significant global sources of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere; thus, reducing them would be a beneficial way of overall greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. In Europe, landfill owners have to report their annual CH4 emissions, so direct measurements are therefore important for (1) evaluating and improving currently applied CH4 emission models, (2) reporting annual CH4 emissions and (3) quantifying CH4 mitigation initiatives. This paper aims at providing an overview of currently available methodologies used to measure fugitive CH4 emissions escaping from landfills. The measurement methodologies are described briefly, and the advantages and limitations of the different techniques are discussed with reference to published literature on the subject. Examples are given of individual published studies using different methodologies and studies comparing three or more methodologies. This review suggests that accurate, whole-site CH4 emission quantifications are best done using methods measuring downwind of the landfill, such as tracer gas dispersion and differential absorption LiDAR (DIAL). Combining aerial CH4 concentration measurements from aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles with wind field measurements offers a great future potential for improved and cost-efficient integrated landfill CH4 emission quantification. However, these methods are difficult to apply for longer time periods, so in order to measure temporal CH4 emission changes, e.g. due to the effect of changes in atmospheric conditions (pressure, wind and precipitation), a measurement method that is able to measure continuously is required. Such a method could be eddy covariance or static mass balance, although these procedures are challenged by topography and inhomogeneous spatial emission patterns, and as such they can underestimate emissions significantly. Surface flux chambers have been used widely, but they are likely to underestimate emission rates, due to the heterogeneous nature of most landfill covers resulting in sporadic and localised CH4 emission hotspots being the dominant emission routes. Furthermore, emissions from wells, vents, etc. are not captured by surface flux chambers. The significance of any underestimation depends highly on the configuration of individual landfills, their size and emission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mønster
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Scheutz C, Kjeldsen P. Guidelines for landfill gas emission monitoring using the tracer gas dispersion method. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 85:351-360. [PMID: 30803590 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Landfill gas often containing 50-60% methane, is generated on waste disposal sites receiving organic waste. Regulation requires that this gas is managed in order to reduce emissions, but very few suggestions exist as to how management activities are monitored, what should be set up to ensure this management and how criteria should be developed for when monitoring activities are terminated. Methane emission monitoring procedures are suggested, based on a robust method for measuring total leakage from the site; additionally, quantitative measures, to determine the efficiency of the performed emission mitigation, are defined. The tracer gas dispersion measuring technique is suggested as the core emission measurement methodology in monitoring plans for methane emissions from landfills and a guideline for best practice measurement performance is presented. A minimum methane mitigation efficiency of 80% is suggested. Finally, several principles are presented on how criteria can be developed for when a monitoring program can be terminated. Three of the suggested principles result in comparable completion criteria of about 1-3 kg CH4/h for a small landfill (an area of 4 ha).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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