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Gao K, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhang Z, Luo S, Wang Q, Zhen Y, Fu F, Liang Y. Turning Trash into Treasure: Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles from Coal Gangue and High-Carbon Waste Materials. Molecules 2025; 30:1562. [PMID: 40286182 PMCID: PMC11990397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2025] [Revised: 03/19/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
To reduce solid waste production and enable the synergistic conversion of solid waste into high-value-added products, we introduce a novel, sustainable, and ecofriendly method. We fabricate nanofiber and nanosheet silicon carbides (SiC) through a carbothermal reduction process. Here, the calcined coal gangue, converted from coal gangue, serves as the silicon source. The carbon sources are the carbonized waste tire residue from waste tires and the pre-treated kerosene co-refining residue. The difference in carbon source results in the alteration of the morphology of the SiC obtained. By optimizing the reaction temperature, time, and mass ratio, the purity of the as-made SiC products with nanofiber-like and nanosheet-like shapes can reach 98%. Based on the influence of synthetic conditions and the results calculated from the change in the Gibbs free energy of the reactions, two mechanisms for SiC formation are proposed, namely the reaction of intermediate SiO with CO to form SiC-nuclei-driven nanofibrous SiC and the SiO-deposited carbon surface to fabricate nuclei-induced polymorphic SiC (dominant nanosheets). This work provides a constructive strategy for preparing nanostructured SiC, thereby achieving "turning trash into treasure" and broadening the sustainable utilization and development of solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixing Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Binghan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Sen Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Yanzhong Zhen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Feng Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Low-Rank Coal of Northern Shaanxi, Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industrial Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China; (K.G.); (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (S.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
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Marvila M, de Matos P, Rodríguez E, Monteiro SN, de Azevedo ARG. Recycled Aggregate: A Viable Solution for Sustainable Concrete Production. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155276. [PMID: 35955212 PMCID: PMC9369566 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Construction and demolition activities consume large amounts of natural resources, generating 4.5 bi tons of solid waste/year, called construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and other wastes, such as ceramic, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass, and slag. Furthermore, around 32 bi tons of natural aggregate (NA) are extracted annually. In this scenario, replacing NA with recycled aggregate (RA) from C&DW and other wastes can mitigate environmental problems. We review the use of RA for concrete production and draw the main challenges and outlook. RA reduces concrete’s fresh and hardened performance compared to NA, but these reductions are often negligible when the replacement levels are kept up to 30%. Furthermore, we point out efficient strategies to mitigate these performance reductions. Efforts must be spent on improving the efficiency of RA processing and the international standardization of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markssuel Marvila
- Advanced Materials Laboratory (LAMAV), UFV—Federal University of Viçosa Campus Rio Paranaíba (UFV-CRP), Rodovia BR 230 KM 7, Rio Paranaíba 38810-000, Brazil;
| | - Paulo de Matos
- Department of Structures and Civil Construction, UFSM—Federal University of Santa Maria, Coordenadoria Acadêmica, Rodovia Taufik Germano, 3013, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, Brazil; (P.d.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Erich Rodríguez
- Department of Structures and Civil Construction, UFSM—Federal University of Santa Maria, Coordenadoria Acadêmica, Rodovia Taufik Germano, 3013, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, Brazil; (P.d.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Military Engineering Institute, IME—Materials Science Program, Praça Gen. Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Afonso R. G. de Azevedo
- LECIV—Civil Engineering Laboratory, UENF—State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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