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Kannan M, Vitenberg T, Schweitzer R, Opatovsky I. Hemolymph metabolism of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), response to different supplemental fungi. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38713543 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is commonly used for organic waste recycling and animal feed production. However, the often inadequate nutrients in organic waste necessitate nutritional enhancement of black soldier fly larvae, e.g., by fungal supplementation of its diet. We investigated the amino acid composition of two fungi, Candida tropicalis (Castell.) Berkhout (Saccharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae) and Pichia kudriavzevii Boidin, Pignal & Besson (Saccharomycetales: Pichiaceae), from the black soldier fly gut, and commercial baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen (Saccharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae), and their effects on larval growth and hemolymph metabolites in fifth-instar black soldier fly larvae. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to study the effect of fungal metabolites on black soldier fly larval metabolism. Amino acid analysis revealed significant variation among the fungi. Fungal supplementation led to increased larval body mass and differential metabolite accumulation. The three fungal species caused distinct metabolic changes, with each over-accumulating and down-accumulating various metabolites. We identified significant alteration of histidine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism in BSF larvae treated with C. tropicalis. Treatment with P. kudriavzevii affected histidine metabolism and citrate cycle metabolites, while both P. kudriavzevii and S. cerevisiae treatments impacted tyrosine metabolism. Treatment with S. cerevisiae resulted in down-accumulation of metabolites related to glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. This study suggests that adding fungi to the larval diet significantly affects black soldier fly larval metabolomics. Further research is needed to understand how individual amino acids and their metabolites contributed by fungi affect black soldier fly larval physiology, growth, and development, to elucidate the interaction between fungal nutrients and black soldier fly physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Kannan
- Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, 11 Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Tzach Vitenberg
- Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ron Schweitzer
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Itai Opatovsky
- Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, 11 Upper Galilee, Israel
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Shi C, Xie P, Ding Z, Niu G, Wen T, Gu W, Lu Y, Wang F, Li W, Zeng J, Shen Q, Yuan J. Inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms in solid organic waste via black soldier fly larvae-mediated management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169767. [PMID: 38176562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Inadequately managed solid organic waste generation poses a threat to the environment and human health globally. Biotransformation with the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is emerging as talent technology for solid waste management. However, there is a lack of understanding of whether BSFL can effectively suppress potential pathogenic microorganisms during management and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the temporal variations of microorganisms in two common types of solid waste, i.e., kitchen waste (KW) and pig manure (PM). Natural composting and composting with BSFL under three different pH levels (pH 5, 7, and 9) were established to explore their impact on microbial communities in compost and the gut of BSFL. The results showed that the compost of kitchen waste and pig manure led to an increase in relative abundance of various potentially pathogenic bacteria. Temporal gradient analyses revealed that the most substantial reduction in the relative abundance and diversity of potentially pathogenic microorganisms occurred when the initial pH of both two wastes were adjusted to 7 upon the introduction of BSFL. Through network and pls-pm analysis, it was discovered that the gut microbiota of BSFL occupied an ecological niche in the compost, inhibiting the proliferation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. This study has revealed the potential of BSFL in reducing public health risks during the solid waste management process, providing robust support for sustainable waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Penghao Xie
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhexu Ding
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoqing Niu
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Guangzhou Outreach Environmental Technologies Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key lab of organic-based fertilizers of China and Jiangsu provincial key lab for solid organic waste utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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