1
|
Wan C, Fu L, Li Z, Liu X, Lin L, Wu C. Formation, application, and storage-reactivation of aerobic granular sludge: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116302. [PMID: 36150350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It was an important discovery in wastewater treatment that the microorganisms in the traditional activated sludge can form aerobic granular sludge (AGS) by self-aggregation under appropriate water quality and operation conditions. With a typical three-dimensional spherical structure, AGS has high sludge-water separation efficiency, great treatment capacity, and strong tolerance to toxic and harmful substances, so it has been considered to be one of the most promising wastewater treatment technologies. This paper comprehensively reviewed AGS from multiple perspectives over the past two decades, including the culture conditions, granulation mechanisms, metabolic and structural stability, storage, and its diverse applications. Some important issues, such as the reproducibility of culture conditions and the structural and functional stability during application and storage, were also summarized, and the research prospects were put forward. The aggregation behavior of microorganisms in AGS was explained from the perspectives of physiology and ecology of complex populations. The storage of AGS is considered to have large commercial potential value with the increase of large-scale applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the systematic and in-depth study on the sludge aerobic granulation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu B, Nan J, Zu X, Zhang X, Xiao Q. Identification of Genome Sequences of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms by Machine Learning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:626221. [PMID: 33537313 PMCID: PMC7848102 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.626221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of sewage treatment, the identification of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) usually relies on biological experiments. However, biological experiments are not only complicated and time-consuming, but also costly. In recent years, machine learning has been widely used in many fields, but it is seldom used in the water treatment. The present work presented a high accuracy support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to realize the rapid identification and prediction of PAOs. We obtained 6,318 genome sequences of microorganisms from the publicly available microbial genome database for comparative analysis (MBGD). Minimap2 was used to compare the genomes of the obtained microorganisms in pairs, and read the overlap. The SVM model was established using the similarity of the genome sequences. In this SVM model, the average accuracy is 0.9628 ± 0.019 with 10-fold cross-validation. By predicting 2,652 microorganisms, 22 potential PAOs were obtained. Through the analysis of the predicted potential PAOs, most of them could be indirectly verified their phosphorus removal characteristics from previous reports. The SVM model we built shows high prediction accuracy and good stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiliang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, He J, Wang M, Li L. Cultivation and stable operation of aerobic granular sludge at low temperature by sieving out the batt-like sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1219-1227. [PMID: 30223338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated at 10 °C with relatively low strength substrate. Stable granules coexisted with the batt-like sludge (BLS) were obtained in 60 days. After removing the BLS, nutrient removal performance was greatly improved and stable removal efficiencies of 99% phosphorous, 98% ammonia and 60% TN were achieved. The bacterial community structure revealed that it was an unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus dominant in the BLS, which represented for low relative abundance in mature granules. Overgrowth of unclassified-Comamonadaceae genus was considered to be the key factor for inhibiting the performance of granules. The final configuration of granules was dominated by DPAO genus Flavobacterium and polysaccharide nutritional genus Chryseolinea. This study showed that stable aerobic granules with superior performance under low temperature could be successfully cultivated by sieving out the BLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Mengfei Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ab Halim MH, Nor Anuar A, Abdul Jamal NS, Azmi SI, Ujang Z, Bob MM. Influence of high temperature on the performance of aerobic granular sludge in biological treatment of wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:271-280. [PMID: 27720606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the efficiency of organics and nutrients removal during the cultivation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in biological treatment of synthetic wastewater was studied. With this aim, three 3 L sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with influent loading rate of 1.6 COD g (L d)-1 were operated at different high temperatures (30, 40 and 50 °C) for simultaneous COD, phosphate and ammonia removal at a complete cycle time of 3 h. The systems were successfully started up and progressed to steady state at different cultivation periods. The statistical comparison of COD, phosphate and ammonia for effluent from the three SBRs revealed that there was a significant difference between groups of all the working temperatures of the bioreactors. The AGS cultivated at different high temperatures also positively correlated with the accumulation of elements including carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, silicon, iron, aluminium, calcium and magnesium that played important roles in the granulation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hakim Ab Halim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aznah Nor Anuar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Engineering Education (CEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Syahida Abdul Jamal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Izaidah Azmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaini Ujang
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Water Security (IPASA), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa M Bob
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, 30001 Universities Road, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lim JC, Thevarajoo S, Selvaratnam C, Goh KM, Shamsir MS, Ibrahim Z, Chong CS. Global transcriptomic response of Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 to aluminum exposure. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:151-161. [PMID: 27859397 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium and a member of family Bacillaceae. We had previously reported that the strain is an aluminum resistant thermophilic bacterium. This is the first report to provide a detailed analysis of the global transcriptional response of Anoxybacillus when the cells were exposed to 600 mg L-1 of aluminum. The transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Total of 708 genes were differentially expressed (fold change >2.00) with 316 genes were up-regulated while 347 genes were down-regulated, in comparing to control with no aluminum added in the culture. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the majority of genes encoding for cell metabolism such as glycolysis, sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism were up-regulated; while most of the gene associated with tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism were down-regulated. In addition, a significant number of the genes encoding ABC transporters, metal ions transporters, and some stress response proteins were also differentially expressed following aluminum exposure. The findings provide further insight and help us to understand on the resistance of Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 toward aluminium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chun Lim
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Suganthi Thevarajoo
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chitra Selvaratnam
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chun Shiong Chong
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ab Halim MH, Nor Anuar A, Azmi SI, Jamal NSA, Wahab NA, Ujang Z, Shraim A, Bob MM. Aerobic sludge granulation at high temperatures for domestic wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 185:445-449. [PMID: 25851807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With inoculum sludge from a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant, three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with synthetic wastewater were operated at different high temperatures (30, 40 and 50±1°C) to study the formation of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for simultaneous organics and nutrients removal with a complete cycle time of 3h. The AGS were successfully cultivated with influent loading rate of 1.6CODg(Ld)(-1). The COD/N ratio of the influent wastewater was 8. The results revealed that granules developed at 50°C have the highest average diameter, (3.36mm) with 98.17%, 94.45% and 72.46% removal efficiency observed in the system for COD, ammonia and phosphate, respectively. This study also demonstrated the capabilities of AGS formation at high temperatures which is suitable to be applied for hot climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hakim Ab Halim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Aznah Nor Anuar
- Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre of Engineering Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Izaidah Azmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahida Abdul Jamal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norhaliza Abdul Wahab
- Department of Control and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaini Ujang
- Institute of Environment and Water Resource Management, WATER Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amjad Shraim
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Taibah, 30001 Universities Road, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa M Bob
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Taibah, 30001 Universities Road, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quan X, Ma J, Xiong W, Wang X. Bioaugmentation of half-matured granular sludge with special microbial culture promoted establishment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degrading aerobic granules. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1081-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
8
|
Wan C, Yang X, Lee DJ, Sun S, Liu X, Zhang P. Influence of hydraulic retention time on partial nitrification of continuous-flow aerobic granular-sludge reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1760-1765. [PMID: 24956768 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.881423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 12 h, 7.2 h and 2.4 h on partial nitrification efficiency of continuous-flow aerobic granular reactors (CFAGRs) with mature aerobic granules (500 +/- 20mg l-1). At HRT 12 h and 7.2h, the removal efficiency of both ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+ - N) and nitrite accumulation rate were exceeding 90%. At HRT 2.4 h, NH4+ - N removal efficiency was reduced but most of the conversion efficiency to nitrite was only slightly reduced. At HRT < 2.4 h, washout of aerobic granules occurred. In all tests conducted herein, the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies exceeded 90%. The clone library results noted the presence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria belonged to beta-Proteobacteria subclass, including 94% of Nitrosomonas europaea and 6% of Nitrosomonas sp. The polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results suggested that Alpha proteobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana strain, Sphaerotilus natans and Uncultured gamma proteobacterium were responsible for the aerobic granular stability and processing performance. The present CFAGR successfully implemented continuous partial nitrification using aerobic granules at low HRT.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui F, Park S, Kim M. Characteristics of aerobic granulation at mesophilic temperatures in wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:78-84. [PMID: 24211486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Compact and structurally stable aerobic granules were developed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at mesophilic temperatures (35°C). The morphological, biological and chemical characteristics of the aerobic granulation were investigated and a theoretical granulation mechanism was proposed according to the results of the investigation. The mature aerobic granules had compact structure, small size (mean diameter of 0.24 mm), excellent settleability and diverse microbial structures, and were effective for the removal of organics and nitrification. The growth kinetics demonstrated that the biomass growth depended on coexistence and interactions between heterotrophs and autotrophs in the granules. The functions of heterotrophs and autotrophs created a compact and secure layer on the outside of the granules, protecting the inside sludge containing environmentally sensitive and slow growing microorganisms. The mechanism and the reactor performance may promise feasibility and efficiency for treating industry effluents at mesophilic temperatures using aerobic granulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Cui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wan C, Sun S, Lee DJ, Liu X, Wang L, Yang X, Pan X. Partial nitrification using aerobic granules in continuous-flow reactor: rapid startup. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:517-522. [PMID: 23751489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study applied a novel strategy to rapid startup of partial nitrification in continuous-flow reactor using aerobic granules. Mature aerobic granules were first cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor at high chemical oxygen demand in 16 days. The strains including the Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana strain were enriched in cultivated granules to enhance their structural stability. Then the cultivated granules were incubated in a continuous-flow reactor with influent chemical oxygen deamnad being stepped decreased from 1,500 ± 100 (0-19 days) to 750 ± 50 (20-30 days), and then to 350 ± 50 mg l(-1) (31-50 days); while in the final stage 350 mg l(-1) bicarbonate was also supplied. Using this strategy the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrosomonas europaea, was enriched in the incubated granules to achieve partial nitrification efficiency of 85-90% since 36 days and onwards. The partial nitrification granules were successfully harvested after 52 days, a period much shorter than those reported in literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Lei Z, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang Z. Improvement in settleability and dewaterability of waste activated sludge by solar photocatalytic treatment in Ag/TiO2-coated glass tubular reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:57-62. [PMID: 23584409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, photocatalysis was used to improve the dewaterability and settleability of waste activated sludge (WAS) by a solar photocatalytic reactor with transparent Ag/TiO2 film as photocatalyst. Specific resistance of filtration (SRF) and sludge volume index (SVI) were used to evaluate WAS dewaterability and settleability, respectively, and the mechanism of photocatalysis was interpreted from the changes of pellets, loosely/tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS/TB-EPS), proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) in WAS. Results showed that the SRF and SVI values decreased by 86.0% and 80.0%, respectively after photocatalysis treatment for 18 h. The changes of LB-EPS/TB-EPS and morphology of WAS indicated that WAS was degraded in a stepwise and mild manner, in which the sludge pellets were possibly converted into TB-EPS and then LB-EPS. Simultaneously, LB-EPS were degraded into carbon dioxide and water by Ag/TiO2 photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goh KM, Kahar UM, Chai YY, Chong CS, Chai KP, Ranjani V, Illias R, Chan KG. Recent discoveries and applications of Anoxybacillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1475-88. [PMID: 23324802 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillaceae family members are a good source of bacteria for bioprocessing and biotransformation involving whole cells or enzymes. In contrast to Bacillus and Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus is a relatively new genus that was proposed in the year 2000. Because these bacteria are alkali-tolerant thermophiles, they are suitable for many industrial applications. More than a decade after the first report of Anoxybacillus, knowledge accumulated from fundamental and applied studies suggests that this genus can serve as a good alternative in many applications related to starch and lignocellulosic biomasses, environmental waste treatment, enzyme technology, and possibly bioenergy production. This current review provides the first summary of past and recent discoveries regarding the isolation of Anoxybacillus, its medium requirements, its proteins that have been characterized and cloned, bioremediation applications, metabolic studies, and genomic analysis. Comparisons to some other members of Bacillaceae and possible future applications of Anoxybacillus are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Piterina AV, Bartlett J, Pembroke JT. Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial community in a full scale autothermal thermophilic aerobic digester (ATAD) treating mixed domestic wastewater sludge for land spread. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:2488-2504. [PMID: 22386327 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community associated with a full scale autothermal thermophilic aerobic digester (ATAD) treating sludge, originating from domestic wastewater and destined for land spread, was analysed using a number of molecular approaches optimised specifically for this high temperature environment. 16S rDNA genes were amplified directly from sludge with universally conserved and Bacteria-specific rDNA gene primers and a clone library constructed that corresponded to the late thermophilic stage (t = 23 h) of the ATAD process. Sequence analyses revealed various 16S rDNA gene sequence types reflective of high bacterial community diversity. Members of the bacterial community included α- and β-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria with High G + C content and Gram-Positive bacteria with a prevalence of the Firmicutes (Low G + C) division (class Clostridia and Bacillus). Most of the ATAD clones showed affiliation with bacterial species previously isolated or detected in other elevated temperature environments, at alkaline pH, or in cellulose rich environments. Several phylotypes associated with Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing anaerobes were also detected. The presence of anaerobes was of interest in such large scale systems where sub-optimal aeration and mixing is often the norm while the presence of large amounts of capnophiles suggest the possibility of limited convection and entrapment of CO(2) within the sludge matrix during digestion. Comparative analysis with organism identified in other ATAD systems revealed significant differences based on optimised techniques. The abundance of thermophilic, alkalophilic and cellulose-degrading phylotypes suggests that these organisms are responsible for maintaining the elevated temperature at the later stages of the ATAD process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Piterina
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quan XC, Ma JY, Xiong WC, Yang ZF. Effects of gene-augmentation on the formation, characteristics and microbial community of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degrading aerobic microbial granules. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 196:278-286. [PMID: 21962861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) degrading aerobic granular sludge was conducted in two sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with one bioaugmented with a plasmid pJP4 donor strain Pseudomonas putida SM1443 and the other as a control. Half-matured aerobic granules pre-grown on glucose were used as the starting seeds and a two-stage operation strategy was applied. Granules capable of utilizing 2,4-D (about 500 mg/L) as the sole carbon source was successfully cultivated in both reactors. Gene-augmentation resulted in the enhancement of 2,4-D degradation rates by the percentage of 65-135% for the granules on Day 18, and 6-24% for the granules on Day 105. Transconjugants receiving plasmid pJP4 were established in the granule microbial community after bioaugmentation and persisted till the end of operation. Compared with the control granules, the granules in the bioaugmented reactor demonstrated a better settling ability, larger size, more abundant microbial diversity and stronger tolerance to 2,4-D. The finally obtained granules in the bioaugmented and control reactor had a granule size of around 600 μm and 500 μm, a Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H) of 0.96 and 0.55, respectively. A shift in microbial community was found during the granulation process.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/isolation & purification
- Aerobiosis
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Biomass
- Bioreactors/microbiology
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genetic Engineering
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Plasmids
- Pseudomonas putida/genetics
- Pseudomonas putida/growth & development
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sewage/microbiology
- Surface Properties
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification
- Water Purification/methods
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-chun Quan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao D, Liu L, Liang H, Wu WM. Aerobic granular sludge: characterization, mechanism of granulation and application to wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 31:137-52. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.497961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
16
|
Performance and microbial community composition dynamics of aerobic granular sludge from sequencing batch bubble column reactors operated at 20 °C, 30 °C, and 35 °C. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1555-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|