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Irizar I, Roche E, Beltrán S, Aymerich E, Esteban-Gutiérrez M. Model-based design of a software sensor for real-time diagnosis of the stability conditions in high-rate anaerobic reactors - Full-scale application to Internal Circulation technology. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:479-491. [PMID: 29986256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Internal Circulation (IC) anaerobic systems are especially suitable when plant designs that involve both small footprints and high organic loading rates (>25 kg COD m-3 d-1) are required. However, given that operating anaerobic processes at high organic loads increases their vulnerability to external disturbances, real-time indicators of the stability conditions become particularly pertinent for IC reactors. This paper addresses the design and full-scale validation of a software sensor that uses only feeding flow-rate and biogas flow-rate measurements to classify the operating conditions of the reactor as "strongly", "moderately" or "weakly" stable. A simulation-based procedure was used to design the software sensor and configure its parameters. Then, the performance of the software sensor was tested under real conditions in a full-scale IC reactor of 1679 m3 installed in a recycled paper mill (RPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Irizar
- Ceit, Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Enric Roche
- Veolia España, C/ Torrelaguna 60, 28043, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Beltrán
- Ceit, Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Enrique Aymerich
- Ceit, Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Myriam Esteban-Gutiérrez
- Ceit, Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain.
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Wang J, Zhang Z, Ye X, Huang F, Chen S. Performance and mechanism of free nitrous acid on the solubilization of waste activated sludge. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15897-15905. [PMID: 35542244 PMCID: PMC9080090 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Free nitrous acid (FNA) is a promising chemical reagent for excess sludge reduction. The distinctive properties of FNA treatment on waste activated sludge (WAS) disposal have previously been demonstrated, however, the cellular response, permeabilization, and disruption caused by low-concentration FNA and the direct cell solubilization of WAS using concentrated FNA should be better understood. In this study, the parameters that influence the sludge solubilization efficiency were optimized over a wide range of FNA concentrations. The sludge solubilization efficiency was found to be superior when the sludge was exposed to FNA (when the dosage of NaNO2 was 0.12 g g-1 TSS and the pH was 3.0, FNA = 20.94 mg L-1) for 10 h at 25 °C, and the TSS removal and COD dissolution efficiencies were found to be prominent at 38% and 7%, respectively. In the FNA treatment of WAS, some FNA-tolerable cells increased the K+, Ca2+, and H+ effluxes under low concentrations of FNA, and finally achieved ion homeostasis based on the results using a scanning ion-selective electrode measurement technique. This could cause the cells in WAS to maintain cytoactivity and integrity under a low-concentration FNA treatment. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to assess the permeabilization and disruption of sludge cells toward a concentration gradient of FNA. Flow cytometry results indicated that cells in sludge flocs were disrupted within 30 minutes when the FNA concentration was above 8 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China +86 0592 6190977 +86 0592 6190529
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China +86 0592 6190977 +86 0592 6190529
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China +86 0592 6190977 +86 0592 6190529
| | - Fuyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China +86 0592 6190977 +86 0592 6190529
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China +86 0592 6190977 +86 0592 6190529
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VSS Degradation Kinetics in High Temperature Aerobic Digestion and Microbial Community Characteristics. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piggery wastewater is a kind of high concentration organic wastewater with high concentration of pollutants, large amount of emissions, and serious environmental pollution and is difficult to deal with. Piggery wastewater was treated with autothermal hyperthermia aerobic digestion process (ATAD) and its biodegradation kinetics was studied. The ATAD system was automatically heated up and the reaction temperature rose from ambient temperature of 20°C to a maximum temperature of 64°C. Based on Arrhenius formula, the empirical model is obtained through dimensional analysis. The removal of volatile suspended solids (VSS) was correlated with the initial VSS concentration, water inlet temperature, aeration rate, and agitation rate in the model. In the empirical model, the apparent activation energy was 2.827 kJ·mol−1. The exponentials for the initial VSS concentration, aeration rate, and stirring rate were 1.0587, −0.0976, and −0.1618, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the exponential factor was 0.9971. The VSS removal efficiency predicted by the model was validated with an actual test, showing a maximum relative deviation of 8.82%. Sludge systems show a lower diversity of microbial populations and Bacillus occupies a very important position in the reactor. The data obtained will be useful for optimizing piggery wastewater treatment process. The new model provided good theoretical guidance with good practicality.
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Fernández-Arévalo T, Lizarralde I, Maiza M, Beltrán S, Grau P, Ayesa E. Diagnosis and optimization of WWTPs using the PWM library: full-scale experiences. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:518-529. [PMID: 28192346 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the shift in perception of wastewater treatment plants as water resource recovery facilities, conventional mathematical models need to be updated. The resource recovery perspective should be applied to new processes, technologies and plant layouts. The number and level of models proposed to date give an overview of the complexity of the new plant configurations and provides a wide range of possibilities and process combinations in order to construct plant layouts. This diversity makes the development of standard, modular and flexible tools and model libraries that allow the incorporation of new processes and components in a straightforward way a necessity. In this regard, the plant-wide modelling (PWM) library is a complete model library that includes conventional and advanced technologies and that allows economic and energetic analyses to be carried out in a holistic way. This paper shows the fundamentals of this PWM library that is built upon the above-mentioned premises and the application of the PWM library in three different full-scale case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fernández-Arévalo
- Ceit-IK4 and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain E-mail: ; Conaqua, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 15, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - I Lizarralde
- Ceit-IK4 and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain E-mail:
| | - M Maiza
- Conaqua, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 15, San Sebastián 20018, Spain; Vicomtech-IK4, Paseo Mikeletegi 57, San Sebastián 20009, Spain
| | - S Beltrán
- Ceit-IK4 and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain E-mail:
| | - P Grau
- Ceit-IK4 and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain E-mail:
| | - E Ayesa
- Ceit-IK4 and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain E-mail:
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Fernández-Arévalo T, Lizarralde I, Grau P, Ayesa E. New systematic methodology for incorporating dynamic heat transfer modelling in multi-phase biochemical reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 60:141-155. [PMID: 24852412 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new modelling methodology for dynamically predicting the heat produced or consumed in the transformations of any biological reactor using Hess's law. Starting from a complete description of model components stoichiometry and formation enthalpies, the proposed modelling methodology has integrated successfully the simultaneous calculation of both the conventional mass balances and the enthalpy change of reaction in an expandable multi-phase matrix structure, which facilitates a detailed prediction of the main heat fluxes in the biochemical reactors. The methodology has been implemented in a plant-wide modelling methodology in order to facilitate the dynamic description of mass and heat throughout the plant. After validation with literature data, as illustrative examples of the capability of the methodology, two case studies have been described. In the first one, a predenitrification-nitrification dynamic process has been analysed, with the aim of demonstrating the easy integration of the methodology in any system. In the second case study, the simulation of a thermal model for an ATAD has shown the potential of the proposed methodology for analysing the effect of ventilation and influent characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fernández-Arévalo
- CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - I Lizarralde
- CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - P Grau
- CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - E Ayesa
- CEIT and Tecnun (University of Navarra), 15 Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
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Astals S, Esteban-Gutiérrez M, Fernández-Arévalo T, Aymerich E, García-Heras JL, Mata-Alvarez J. Anaerobic digestion of seven different sewage sludges: a biodegradability and modelling study. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6033-6043. [PMID: 23938118 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Seven mixed sewage sludges from different wastewater treatment plants, which have an anaerobic digester in operation, were evaluated in order to clarify the literature uncertainty with regard to the sewage sludge characterisation and biodegradability. Moreover, a methodology is provided to determine the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 parameters, coefficients and initial state variables as well as a discussion about the accuracy of the first order solubilisation constant, which was obtained through biomethane potential test. The results of the biomethane potential tests showed ultimate methane potentials from 188 to 214 mL CH4 g(-1) CODfed, COD removals between 58 and 65% and two homogeneous groups for the first order solubilisation constant: (i) the lowest rate group from 0.23 to 0.35 day(-1) and (ii) the highest rate group from 0.27 to 0.43 day(-1). However, no statistically significant relationship between the ultimate methane potential or the disintegration constant and the sewage sludge characterisation was found. Next, a methodology based on the sludge characterisation before and after the biomethane potential test was developed to calculate the biodegradable fraction, the composite concentration and stoichiometric coefficients and the soluble COD of the sewage sludge; required parameters for the implementation of the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1. The comparison of the experimental and the simulation results proved the consistency of the developed methodology. Nevertheless, an underestimation of the first order solubilisation constant was detected when the experimental results were simulated with the solubilisation constant obtained from the linear regression experimental data fitting. The latter phenomenon could be related to the accumulation of intermediary compounds during the biomethane potential assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès, No. 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Robles A, Ruano M, Ribes J, Seco A, Ferrer J. A filtration model applied to submerged anaerobic MBRs (SAnMBRs). J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghorbani M, Eskicioglu C. Application of the International Water Association activated sludge models to describe aerobic sludge digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 33:1923-1938. [PMID: 22439581 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.568974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Batch and semi-continuous flow aerobic digesters were used to stabilize thickened waste-activated sludge at different initial conditions and mean solids retention times. Under dynamic conditions, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids (VSS) and total and particulate chemical oxygen demand (COD and PCOD) were monitored in the batch reactors and effluent from the semi-continuous flow reactors. Activated Sludge Model (ASM) no. 1 and ASM no. 3 were applied to measured data (calibration data set) to evaluate the consistency and performances of models at different flow regimes for digester COD and VSS modelling. The results indicated that both ASM1 and ASM3 predicted digester COD, VSS and PCOD concentrations well (R2, Ra2 > or = 0.93). Parameter estimation concluded that compared to ASM1, ASM3 parameters were more consistent across different batch and semi-continuous flow runs with different operating conditions. Model validation on a data set independent from the calibration data successfully predicted digester COD (R2 = 0.88) and VSS (R2 = 0.94) concentrations by ASM3, while ASM1 overestimated both reactor COD (R2 = 0.74) and VSS concentrations (R2 = 0.79) after 15 days of aerobic batch digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghorbani
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
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Donoso-Bravo A, Mailier J, Martin C, Rodríguez J, Aceves-Lara CA, Vande Wouwer A. Model selection, identification and validation in anaerobic digestion: a review. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:5347-64. [PMID: 21920578 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion enables waste (water) treatment and energy production in the form of biogas. The successful implementation of this process has lead to an increasing interest worldwide. However, anaerobic digestion is a complex biological process, where hundreds of microbial populations are involved, and whose start-up and operation are delicate issues. In order to better understand the process dynamics and to optimize the operating conditions, the availability of dynamic models is of paramount importance. Such models have to be inferred from prior knowledge and experimental data collected from real plants. Modeling and parameter identification are vast subjects, offering a realm of approaches and methods, which can be difficult to fully understand by scientists and engineers dedicated to the plant operation and improvements. This review article discusses existing modeling frameworks and methodologies for parameter estimation and model validation in the field of anaerobic digestion processes. The point of view is pragmatic, intentionally focusing on simple but efficient methods.
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Han HG, Qiao JF. Adaptive dissolved oxygen control based on dynamic structure neural network. Appl Soft Comput 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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LIU J, SUN D, LIU H, NIE Y, ZHU Z. Biodegradation Kinetics for Pre-treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae Waste with Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion. Chin J Chem Eng 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1004-9541(09)60146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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