1
|
Mao W, Gu Y, Kang W, Yu H. Facilitated OH¯ diffusion via bubble motion and water flow in a novel electrochemical reactor for enhancing homogeneous nucleation of CaCO 3. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120195. [PMID: 37302179 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry is a potential method for water softening. An essential disadvantage is OH¯ ions from water electrolysis accumulate on cathode surface, inducing the generation of the insulating CaCO3 layer and then interrupting the electrochemical reaction. In order to propel OH¯ diffusion into the bulk solution instead of aggregation at cathode, we designed an electrochemical reactor, whose electrodes were placed horizontally in the middle of the reactor, and the bubbles created by water electrolysis move upward, while the water flows downward. The visual evidence displayed that the unique reactor structure allowed OH¯ to spread to almost all the solution rapidly. Average pH value of bulk solution reached 10.6 in only 3 min. Therefore, homogeneous nucleation of CaCO3 in bulk solution would take primary responsibility for water softening, and the softening efficiency is up to 212.9 g CaCO3/h/m2, higher than reported results. The reactor is easy to scale up, providing a new idea for the softening of circulating cooling water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenda Kang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tong T, Liu X, Li T, Park S, Anger B. A Tale of Two Foulants: The Coupling of Organic Fouling and Mineral Scaling in Membrane Desalination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7129-7149. [PMID: 37104038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane desalination that enables the harvesting of purified water from unconventional sources such as seawater, brackish groundwater, and wastewater has become indispensable to ensure sustainable freshwater supply in the context of a changing climate. However, the efficiency of membrane desalination is greatly constrained by organic fouling and mineral scaling. Although extensive studies have focused on understanding membrane fouling or scaling separately, organic foulants commonly coexist with inorganic scalants in the feedwaters of membrane desalination. Compared to individual fouling or scaling, combined fouling and scaling often exhibits different behaviors and is governed by foulant-scalant interactions, resembling more complex but practical scenarios than using feedwaters containing only organic foulants or inorganic scalants. In this critical review, we first summarize the performance of membrane desalination under combined fouling and scaling, involving mineral scales formed via both crystallization and polymerization. We then provide the state-of-the-art knowledge and characterization techniques pertaining to the molecular interactions between organic foulants and inorganic scalants, which alter the kinetics and thermodynamics of mineral nucleation as well as the deposition of mineral scales onto membrane surfaces. We further review the current efforts of mitigating combined fouling and scaling via membrane materials development and pretreatment. Finally, we provide prospects for future research needs that guide the design of more effective control strategies for combined fouling and scaling to improve the efficiency and resilience of membrane desalination for the treatment of feedwaters with complex compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Tianshu Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Shinyun Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Bridget Anger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fungene T, Ndlovu S, Matinde E. Scale formation in wet scrubbers and the current state of anti-scaling and softening methods for hard waters: A review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2023.2189051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thandiwe Fungene
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Hydrometallurgy and Sustainable Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sehliselo Ndlovu
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Hydrometallurgy and Sustainable Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elias Matinde
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Pyrometallurgy Division, MINTEK, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alghamdi M, El-Zahhar AA, Idris AM, Sahlabji T. Synthesis and characterization of novel polymeric-sepiolite composite resin for effective water softening: applications in batch and column adsorption. J MACROMOL SCI B 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2022.2152164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alghamdi
- Environmental Monitoring, Assessment & Treatment (EMAT) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A. El-Zahhar
- Environmental Monitoring, Assessment & Treatment (EMAT) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Nuclear Chem. Dept. AEA, Cairo-13759, Egypt
| | - Abubakr Mustafa Idris
- Environmental Monitoring, Assessment & Treatment (EMAT) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Sahlabji
- Environmental Monitoring, Assessment & Treatment (EMAT) Research Group, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao X, Li S, Li Y, Guo P, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Cai Y. Investigation of scale inhibition effect and mechanism of S-HGMF in the clean recirculating cooling water system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157156. [PMID: 35803435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of scales in a recirculating water system is a common problem in industrial water treatment; it seriously affects the production in various industries and pollutes the environment. Although conventional scale inhibition methods are effective, they are expensive and harm the environment. Herein, an advanced method is proposed to solve the scaling issue in recirculating cooling water systems using the superconducting high-gradient magnetic field (S-HGMF) treatment. The scale inhibition performance could be improved by changing the magnetic flux density, operation time, and flow rate. The results showed that S-HGMF could increase the number of hydrogen bonds in the recirculating cooling water, enhance molecular interaction, increase the thickness of the ion hydration shell, reduce the nucleation rate, stabilize the water quality, improve the solubility of scale-forming ions, and inhibit scale formation. The scale inhibition performance reached 8.10%. Interestingly, S-HGMF had a memory effect in that it could maintain the scale inhibition effect for some period after treatment completion. Moreover, S-HGMF changed the crystal structure of the scale and promoted the transformation of the scale to a metastable phase. Ultimately, calcite was transformed to aragonite to reduce the precipitation of hard scale (calcite), achieving the purpose of scale inhibition. As a physical method, the application of S-HGMF to inhibit scaling has great potential for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Suqin Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yongkui Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Penghui Guo
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zekun Zhao
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinshi Cai
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Mechanisms of a Novel Polyacrylamide-Strychnos potatorum Seed-Derived Activated Carbon Composite for Aqueous Hardness Removal. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3774106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hardness in water is responsible for both residential and industrial problems. Moreover, drinking hard water is suspected as the main cause of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. The major constituents that are responsible for water hardness are calcium and magnesium ions. In this study, a composite was synthesized using activated carbon of Strychnos potatorum seeds (ACSP) and acrylamide to remove hardness in drinking water. The synthesized composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to this study, the process of removal of hardness depends on the contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial contents, and pH of the solution. The adsorption data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Furthermore, environmental samples collected from Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, which is well known for water with high hardness, were treated with an adsorbent, and hardness was reduced effectively. Moreover, the adsorption appeared to be spontaneous in nature. Finally, it can be concluded that this adsorbent can be used as an effective hardness-removing agent.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kausley SB, Desai KS, Patil RA, Malhotra CP, Pandit AB. Comparative study of lime softening, soda ash process, and electrocoagulation for the removal of hardness from groundwater. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Xu L, Su J, Ali A, Chang Q, Shi J, Yang Y. Denitrification performance of nitrate-dependent ferrous (Fe 2+) oxidizing Aquabacterium sp. XL4: Adsorption mechanisms of bio-precipitation of phenol and estradiol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127918. [PMID: 34863560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a nitrate-dependent ferrous (Fe2+) oxidizing strain under anaerobic conditions was selected and identified as XL4, which belongs to Aquabacterium. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the growth conditions of strain XL4, and the nitrate removal efficiency of strain XL4 (with 10% inoculation dosage, v/v) could reach 91.41% under the conditions of 30.34 ℃, pH of 6.91, and Fe2+ concentration of 19.69 mg L-1. The results of Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEM) revealed that the intensity of soluble microbial products (SMP), aromatic proteins and the fulvic-like materials were obvious difference under different Fe2+ concentration, pH, and temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed that the main components of bio-precipitation were Fe3O4 and FeO(OH), which were believed to be responsible for the adsorption of phenol and estradiol. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of bio-precipitation for phenol and estradiol under the optimal conditions were 192.6 and 65.4 mg g-1, respectively. On the other hand, the adsorption process of phenol and estradiol by bio-precipitation confirmed to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model, which shows that the adsorption process is chemical adsorption and occurs on the uniform surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qiao Chang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yuzhu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An adsorptive sulfonated polyethersulfone/functionalized graphene ultrafiltration membrane for hardness removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang X, Yang Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wen H, Wang X, Zhang J, Long T. A critical review on challenges and trend of ultrapure water production process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147254. [PMID: 33933770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent and vigorous developments in semiconductor technology strictly request better quality and large quantity of ultrapure water (UPW) for their production. It is crucial to secure a large amount of raw water for the future development of UPW production. Using reclaimed water as alternative raw water source to produce UPW is therefore considered the feasible trend and solution for sustainable use of water resources towards a common future practice in UPW production. The challenge of using reclaimed water is due to its higher content of organic pollutants, especially small molecule organic pollutants such as urea, which are difficult to remove through traditional UPW production process. Consequently, improving the existing UPW production process to meet the water standard desired in the semiconductor industry is essential. This paper reviewed the current traditional processes for removing organic matters in UPW production, including ion-exchange (IX) adsorption, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The potential problems in the actual UPW production process were identified when using reclaimed water as raw water source. A new strategy of applying the advanced oxidation process (AOPs) to UPW production as a supplementary unit to guarantee UPW quality was proposed. Its feasibility and research focus were then analyzed and discussed in obtaining a new solution for a future development of the UPW production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yuanying Yang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Haitao Wen
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- TG Hilyte Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- TG Hilyte Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tianwei Long
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Carra I, Fernandez Lozano J, Johannesen S, Godart-Brown M, Goslan EH, Jarvis P, Judd S. Sorptive removal of disinfection by-product precursors from UK lowland surface waters: Impact of molecular weight and bromide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142152. [PMID: 32920405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study compared the impact of three different unit processes, coagulation, granular activated carbon (GAC), and a novel suspended ion exchange (SIX) technology, on disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) from two UK lowland water sources with medium to high bromide content. Specific attention was given to the influence of the organic molecular weight (MW) fraction on DBPFP as well as the impact of bromide concentration. Whilst few studies have investigated the impact of MW fractions from Liquid Chromatography with Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) analysis on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal by different processes, none have studied the influence of DOC MW fractions from this analysis on DBP formation. The impact of higher bromide concentration was to decrease the total trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) mass concentration, in contrast to previously reported studies. Results indicated that for a moderate bromide concentration source (135 μg/L), the THM formation potential was reduced by 22% or 64% after coagulation or SIX treatment, respectively. For a high bromide content source (210 μg/L), the THM formation potential removal was 47% or 69% following GAC or SIX treatment, respectively. The trend was the same for HAAs, albeit with greater differences between the two processes/feedwaters with reference to overall removal. A statistical analysis indicated that organic matter of MW > 350 g/mol had a significant impact on DBPFP. A multiple linear regression of the MW fractions against DBPFP showed a strong correlation (R2 between 0.90 and 0.93), indicating that LC-OCD analysis alone could be used to predict DBP formation with reasonable accuracy, and offering the potential for rapid risk assessment of water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Carra
- Cranfield University, College Rd, Cranfield MK430AL, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Emma H Goslan
- Cranfield University, College Rd, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - Peter Jarvis
- Cranfield University, College Rd, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| | - Simon Judd
- Cranfield University, College Rd, Cranfield MK430AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tang Y, Chen Z, Wen Q, Yang B, Pan Y. Evaluation of a hybrid process of magnetic ion-exchange resin treatment followed by ozonation in secondary effluent organic matter removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142361. [PMID: 33254848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in secondary effluent is receiving increasing concern due to their potential impacts on the aquatic environment and human health. In this study, the removal characteristics of EfOM by magnetic ion-exchange resin (MIEX), ozonation, and the hybrid process of MIEX followed by ozonation (M + O) were compared by measuring the bulk organic indicators (BOIs), OMPs, bio-toxicity, and fluorescence. Furthermore, the desorption characteristics of MIEX were comprehensively studied. Ozonation could reduce the OMPs, total fluorescence (TF), genotoxicity, and oestrogenic activity more effectively than MIEX, with reductions of 80.3%, 97.8%, 98.9%, and 94.6%, respectively. The M + O process was capable of removing more EfOM than the individual MIEX or ozonation processes and could reduce the genotoxicity and oestrogenic activity to the detection limit. By implementing MIEX as a pre-treatment, the generation of ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen was effectively reduced in the subsequent ozonation process as MIEX adsorbed organic nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen. The different regenerants influenced the OMP desorption performance of MIEX by changing the desorption mechanisms, and NaCl + NaOH was the best regenerant due to its high total OMP desorption efficiency. Parallel factor analysis coupled with self-organising maps further explained the differences in fluorescence desorption due to the addition of NaOH to the regenerated solution. Pearson correlation analysis indicated the potential of using spectroscopic indicators, such as ultraviolet absorbance and TF, to assess the evolution of OMPs and bio-toxicity during the M + O and MIEX desorption processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Boxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu H, Xiao K, Wang X, Liang S, Wei C, Wen X, Huang X. Outlining the Roles of Membrane-Foulant and Foulant-Foulant Interactions in Organic Fouling During Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:417. [PMID: 32582627 PMCID: PMC7283953 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fouling remains a notorious problem in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), and a systematic understanding of the fouling mechanisms is fundamental for solving this problem. Given a wide assortment of fouling studies in the literature, it is essential that the numerous pieces of information on this topic could be clearly compiled. In this review, we outline the roles of membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant intermolecular interactions in MF/UF organic fouling. The membrane-foulant interactions govern the initial pore blocking and adsorption stage, whereas the foulant-foulant interactions prevail in the subsequent build-up of a surface foulant layer (e.g., a gel layer). We classify the interactions into non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions), covalent interactions (e.g., metal-organic complexation), and spatial effects (related to pore structure, surface morphology, and foulants size for instance). They have either short- or long-range influences on the transportation and immobilization of the foulant toward the membrane. Specifically, we profile the individual impacts and interplay between the different interactions along the fouling stages. Finally, anti-fouling strategies are discussed for a targeted control of the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhai Wei
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Ju L, Xu F, Tian L, Jia R, Song W, Li Y, Liu B. Effect of a nanofiltration combined process on the treatment of high-hardness and micropolluted water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109063. [PMID: 31896469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The quality of raw water and the current high level of pollution presents a phenomenon of high hardness and micropollution. An experimental study was conducted of the nanofiltration (NF) pilot-scale process combined with biological contact oxidation precipitation and ultrafiltration (UF) as the pretreatment process to treat this water. The study investigated the removal efficiency and membrane fouling of the NF process under the continuous and stable operating conditions of the combination process and studied the influence of high-hardness water on the membrane pollution of the combination process. The results showed that the combined process had a positive removal effect on conventional pollutants and characteristic pollutants, and the removal rates of conventional pollutants, such as turbidity, UV254 and CODMn, were 95%, 90% and 85%, respectively. The removal efficiency of total hardness, total alkalinity and soluble total solids reached 98%, 86% and 91%, respectively, and that of total desalination was above 95%. The removal rates of fluorescent organic substances, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, soluble microbial products (SMPs), fulvic acid and humus-like substances, as well as the precursors of disinfection byproducts reached over 88% and 50%, respectively. The pollutant removal efficiency of the combined process was mainly concentrated in the NF unit. The pretreatment process had certain removal effects on turbidity and macromolecular organic substances in the raw water, which provided a perfect operating environment for the NF process. Under long-term operation, the main elements of scaling on the surface of the NF membrane included C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ca, Ti and Fe, which were mainly concentrated at the outlet of the membrane and mainly came from monomers or compounds composed of inorganic salts in the raw water and some organic compounds. High-hardness water accelerated the change in membrane process parameters, and the surface of the membrane had abundant inorganic scaling. The inorganic scale on the surface of the NF membrane increased noticeably when filtering water with high hardness. Regular cleaning of the UF and NF membranes could effectively restore the parameters of the process and prolong the service life of the membrane process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Ju
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Shandong Province Metallurgical Engineering Co.Ltd, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Tian
- Weifang Municipal Public Utilities Service Center, 261041, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, 250021, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wuchang Song
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, 250021, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Resources and Environment Innovation Research Institute, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 250101, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alghamdi MM, El-Zahhar AA, Idris AM, Said TO, Sahlabji T, El Nemr A. Synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel polymeric-bentonite-magnetite composite resin for water softening. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Tamer Awad Ali, El Salam HMA, Ali HR, Moustafa YM. Evaluation Behavior for the Adsorptive of Ca(II) and Mg(II) Ions (Hardness of Water) from Water by Modified Copper Based on Metal Organic Frameworks and Potentiometric Sensors. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519070024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
17
|
Brezinski K, Gorczyca B. Multi-spectral characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) from Manitoba surface waters using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:53-64. [PMID: 30861383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to develop an algorithm that would be able to relate ultraviolet absorbing moieties in potable water to trihalomethanes (THMs) and other water quality parameters. The characterization was carried out using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) to separate water samples based on apparent molecule weight (AMW); while the developed algorithm utilized multi-spectral information extracted from 7 Manitoba source waters, and from samples treated with strong base ion-exchange (IX). AMW components between 2.2-4 k Da were strongly associated with the formation of THMs, and more strongly with chlorinated byproducts, determined using Spearman and Pearson coefficients. associations were not improved upon removal of the raw samples from the dataset, indicating that the applied methodology is not specific to IX treatment. Strong associations were also found between initial wavelengths of 226-239 nm and final wavelengths of 257-273 nm, which suggests that absorbing moieties in these ranges are prime precursors in the reaction mechanism to form THMs. A closer look noted that chlorinated THMs were more strongly associated than THMs in general; with brominated byproducts following closely to profiles of UV254 - indicating these parameters are closely related.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Brezinski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Beata Gorczyca
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanjuán I, García-García V, Expósito E, Montiel V. Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
19
|
Nutrient recovery from pig manure digestate using electrodialysis reversal: Membrane fouling and feasibility of long-term operation. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Electrochemical water softening: Influence of water composition on the precipitation behaviour. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Chen Y, Xu W, Zhu H, Wei D, He F, Wang D, Du B, Wei Q. Effect of turbidity on micropollutant removal and membrane fouling by MIEX/ultrafiltration hybrid process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:488-498. [PMID: 30384318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effect of turbidity on the removal of organic micropollutant (carbamazepine, CBZ) through magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin combined with ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in this study. The purification behaviors of the MIEX/UF processes were studied through scanning electron microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, zeta potential and particle size distribution analyses. The experimental results show that 64-74% of CBZ in different turbidities could be removed by MIEX resin under the optimum dose and contact time, while water sample with turbidity of 20 ± 1.1 NTU present minimum CBZ removal rate of 64% and turbidity of 60 ± 1.0 NTU led to maximum removal efficiency of 74%. The results of UF experiments showed that UF could not efficiently remove CBZ. Alternatively, UF was more suitable for removing turbidity than MIEX resin. In a separate UF system, the turbidity (20 ± 1.1 NTU) led to a flux reduction of 60% at the first filtration cycle, while the reduction for 1.0 ± 0.1 NTU, 40 ± 1.0 NTU and 60 ± 1.0 NTU were 48%, 52% and 45%, respectively. For the water samples with different turbidities, obvious decrease in membrane fouling was observed after MIEX pretreatment, meanwhile the CBZ/turbidity removal could be improved. The UF membrane was used four times after backwashing to research the reusability of membrane. The integrated processes combining MIEX resin with UF could significantly improve membrane recycling effect and prevent secondary pollution caused by resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Hongjian Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Fang He
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mautner A, Kobkeatthawin T, Mayer F, Plessl C, Gorgieva S, Kokol V, Bismarck A. Rapid Water Softening with TEMPO-Oxidized/Phosphorylated Nanopapers. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020136. [PMID: 30678201 PMCID: PMC6409817 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Water hardness not only constitutes a significant hazard for the functionality of water infrastructure but is also associated with health concerns. Commonly, water hardness is tackled with synthetic ion-exchange resins or membranes that have the drawbacks of requiring the awkward disposal of saturated materials and being based on fossil resources. In this work, we present a renewable nanopaper for the purpose of water softening prepared from phosphorylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (PT-CNF). Nanopapers were prepared from CNF suspensions in water (PT-CNF nanopapers) or low surface tension organic liquids (ethanol), named EPT-CNF nanopapers, respectively. Nanopaper preparation from ethanol resulted in a significantly increased porosity of the nanopapers enabling much higher permeances: more than 10,000× higher as compared to nanopapers from aqueous suspensions. The adsorption capacity for Ca2+ of nanopapers from aqueous suspensions was 17 mg g-1 and 5 mg g-1 for Mg2+; however, EPT-CNF nanopapers adsorbed more than 90 mg g-1 Ca2+ and almost 70 mg g-1 Mg2+. The higher adsorption capacity was a result of the increased accessibility of functional groups in the bulk of the nanopapers caused by the higher porosity of nanopapers prepared from ethanol. The combination of very high permeance and adsorption capacity constitutes a high overall performance of these nanopapers in water softening applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mautner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| | - Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Florian Mayer
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christof Plessl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Vanja Kokol
- Institute for Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sanjuán I, Benavente D, García-García V, Expósito E, Montiel V. Electrochemical softening of concentrates from an electrodialysis brackish water desalination plant: Efficiency enhancement using a three-dimensional cathode. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Shabtai IA, Mishael YG. Polycyclodextrin-Clay Composites: Regenerable Dual-Site Sorbents for Bisphenol A Removal from Treated Wastewater. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27088-27097. [PMID: 30036466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The greatest challenge of wastewater treatment is the removal of trace concentrations of persistent micropollutants in the presence of the high concentration of effluent organic matter (EfOM). Micropollutant removal by sorbents is a common practice, but sorbent employment is often limited because of fouling induced by EfOM and challenging sorbent regeneration. We directly addressed these two issues by designing regenerable dual-site composite sorbents based on polymerized β-cyclodextrin, modified with a cationic group (pCD+) and adsorbed to montmorillonite (pCD+-MMT). This dual-site composite was tailored to simultaneously target an emerging micropollutant, bisphenol A (BPA), through inclusion in β-cyclodextrin cavities and target anionic EfOM compounds, through electrostatic interactions. The removal of BPA from treated wastewater by the composite was not compromised despite the high removal of EfOM. The composites outperformed many recently reported sorbents. Differences in composite performance was discussed in terms of their structures, as characterized with TGA, XRD, BET and SEM. The simultaneous filtration of BPA and EfOM from wastewater by pCD+-MMT columns was demonstrated. Furthermore, successful in-column regeneration was obtained by selectively eluting EfOM and BPA, with brine and alkaline solutions, respectively. Finally, the composites removed trace concentrations of numerous high priority micropollutants from treated wastewater more efficiently than commercial activated carbon. This study highlights the potential to design novel dual-site composites as selective and regenerable sorbents for advanced wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itamar A Shabtai
- Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Yael G Mishael
- Soil and Water Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Z, Zhou M, Yang X, Niu J, Meng F. Sunlight irradiation triggers changes in the fouling potentials of natural dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:227-234. [PMID: 29426145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-initiated photodegradation has a great impact on the composition and properties of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments, which potentially changes the behavior and roles of DOM in water treatment facilities. Here, we explored the effect of sunlight irradiation on membrane fouling behavior of two natural DOM (i.e., Aldrich humic acid (AHA) and Suwannee River DOM (SRNOM)), particularly in the presence of calcium ion (Ca(II)). Results showed that a long-term exposure (3 months) to sunlight during the summer led to decreases in the chromophores and molecular size of both DOM. The characterization by UV-vis spectral parameter DSlope350-400 (the slope of the log-transformed absorbance spectra in the range of 350-400 nm) indicated that sunlight-exposed DOM had a weaker Ca(II)-binding ability than unirradiated DOM, which could be attributable to the photochemically induced loss of carboxyl and phenolic groups. Additionally, AHA was found to be more susceptible to sunlight irradiation and Ca(II) addition than SRNOM, likely due to its higher aromaticity. Crucially, dead-end ultrafiltration tests showed that sunlight exposure of both AHA and SRNOM can reduce their fouling potential in the absence of Ca(II) and the presence of low Ca(II) (0.4 mM). In contrast, the addition of higher Ca(II) concentrations (2 and 3.6 mM) led to an increase in their fouling propensities. Overall, sunlight exposure can greatly alter the fouling behavior of natural DOM. This study provides a nexus between the naturally occurring transformation of DOM and its behavior (i.e., membrane fouling) in water treatment facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Medina BB, Boyer T, Indarawis K. Evaluating Options for Regenerant Brine Reuse in Magnetic Ion Exchange Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/awwa.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly B. Medina
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences; University of Florida; Gainesville Fla
| | - Treavor Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment; Arizona State University; Tempe Ariz
| | - Katrina Indarawis
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences; University of Florida; Gainesville Fla
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hokkanen S, Bhatnagar A, Koistinen A, Kangas T, Lassi U, Sillanpää M. Comparison of adsorption equilibrium models and error functions for the study of sulfate removal by calcium hydroxyapatite microfibrillated cellulose composite. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:952-966. [PMID: 28406056 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1317839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the adsorption of sulfates of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) by calcium hydroxyapatite-modified microfibrillated cellulose was studied in the aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis in order to gain the information on its structure and physico-chemical properties. The adsorption studies were conducted in batch mode. The effects of solution pH, contact time, the initial concentration of sulfate and the effect of competing anions were studied on the performance of synthesized adsorbent for sulfate removal. Adsorption kinetics indicated very fast adsorption rate for sulfate of both sources (Na2SO4 and SLS) and the adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 34.53 mg g-1 for sulfates of SLS and 7.35 mg g-1 for sulfates of Na2SO4. The equilibrium data were described by the Langmuir, Sips, Freundlich, Toth and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models using five different error functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Hokkanen
- a Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science , Lappeenranta University of Technology , Mikkeli , Finland
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- b Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Ari Koistinen
- c Department of Mechanical Engineering , Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Teija Kangas
- d Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Ulla Lassi
- d Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
- e Unit of Applied Chemistry , University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius , Kokkola , Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- a Laboratory of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science , Lappeenranta University of Technology , Mikkeli , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Imbrogno A, Tiraferri A, Abbenante S, Weyand S, Schwaiger R, Luxbacher T, Schäfer AI. Organic fouling control through magnetic ion exchange‐nanofiltration (MIEX‐NF) in water treatment. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Levchuk I, Rueda Márquez JJ, Sillanpää M. Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from water by ion exchange - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 192:90-104. [PMID: 29100126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is present in underground and surface waters. The main constituents of NOM are humic substances, with a major fraction of refractory anionic macromolecules of various molecular weights. The NOM concentration in drinking water is typically 2-10 ppm. Both aromatic and aliphatic components with carboxylic and phenolic functional groups can be found in NOM, leading to negatively charged humic substances at the pH of natural water. The presence of NOM in drinking water causes difficulties in conventional water treatment processes such as coagulation. Problems also arise when applying alternative treatment techniques for NOM removal. For example, the most significant challenge in nanofiltration (NF) is membrane fouling. The ion exchange process for NOM removal is an efficient technology that is recommended for the beginning of the treatment process. This approach allows for a significant decrease in the concentration of NOM and prevents the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs). This article provides a state-of-the-art review of NOM removal from water by ion exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Levchuk
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland; Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Juan José Rueda Márquez
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland; Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Cadiz University, Poligono Rio San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Application of Central Composite Design in the Adsorption of Ca(II) on Metakaolin Zeolite. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7025073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metakaolin zeolite-A was synthesized from thermally activated kaolin clay and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy. The effects of pH (2–10), contact time (10–180 min), initial concentration (5–120 mgL−1), and dosage (0.1–2 g) and their interactions were investigated using response surface methodology following a central composite design. Optimum removal (87.70%) was obtained at pH 6, contact time 180 min, initial concentration 40.0 mgL−1, and adsorbent dosage 1.0 g by Excel Solver using the GRG solving method. The adsorption data fitted best to the Langmuir model with correlation coefficient R2=0.993 and Chi-square value χ2=4.76. The Freundlich isotherm gave a correlation coefficient R2=0.933 and χ2=37.91. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and not thermodynamically spontaneous. The studied zeolite-A can therefore be used as a promising adsorbent for the removal of Ca(II) ions from aqueous solutions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen Y, Fan R, An D, Cheng Y, Tan H. Water softening by induced crystallization in fluidized bed. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 50:109-116. [PMID: 28034420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluidized bed and induced crystallization technology were combined to design a new type of induced crystallization fluidized bed reactor. The added particulate matter served as crystal nucleus to induce crystallization so that the insoluble material, which was in a saturated state, could precipitate on its surface. In this study, by filling the fluidized bed with quartz sand and by adjusting water pH, precipitation of calcium carbonate was induced on the surface of quartz sand, and the removal of water hardness was achieved. With a reactor influent flow of 60L/hr, a fixed-bed height of 0.5m, pH value of 9.5, quartz sand nuclear diameter of 0.2-0.4mm, and a reflux ratio of 60%, the effluent concentration of calcium hardness was reduced to 60mg/L and 86.6% removal efficiency was achieved. The resulting effluent reached the quality standard set for circulating cooling water. Majority of the material on the surface of quartz sand was calculated to be calcium carbonate based on energy spectrum analysis and moisture content was around 15.994%. With the low moisture content, dewatering treatment is no longer required and this results to cost savings on total water treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Chen
- School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Rong Fan
- School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Danfeng An
- School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hazel Tan
- School of Civil and Environment Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu J, Xu W, Wang D, Sang G, Yang X. Evaluation of enhanced coagulation coupled with magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) in natural organic matter and sulfamethoxazole removals: The role of Al-based coagulant characteristic. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Zhang P, Zheng J, Wang Z, Du X, Gao F, Hao X, Guan G, Li C, Liu S. An in Situ Potential-Enhanced Ion Transport System Based on FeHCF–PPy/PSS Membrane for the Removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from Dilute Aqueous Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengle Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Junlan Zheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Fengfeng Gao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Guoqing Guan
- North
Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy (NJRISE), Hirosaki University, 2-1-3, Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813, Japan
| | - Chuncheng Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shibin Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
She Q, Wang R, Fane AG, Tang CY. Membrane fouling in osmotically driven membrane processes: A review. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
35
|
Dong B, Xu Y, Shen D, Dai X, Lin S. Characterizing the interactions between humic matter and calcium ions during water softening by cation-exchange resins. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reusing wastewater can enormously reduce environmental pollution and save water. Removing calcium ions and humic matter simultaneously from wastewater can reduce the resistance of the reuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Danni Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Arias-Paic M, Cawley KM, Byg S, Rosario-Ortiz FL. Enhanced DOC removal using anion and cation ion exchange resins. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:981-989. [PMID: 26624231 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hardness and DOC removal in a single ion exchange unit operation allows for less infrastructure, is advantageous for process operation and depending on the water source, could enhance anion exchange resin removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Simultaneous application of cationic (Plus) and anionic (MIEX) ion exchange resin in a single contact vessel was tested at pilot and bench scales, under multiple regeneration cycles. Hardness removal correlated with theoretical predictions; where measured hardness was between 88 and 98% of the predicted value. Comparing bench scale DOC removal of solely treating water with MIEX compared to Plus and MIEX treated water showed an enhanced DOC removal, where removal was increased from 0.5 to 1.25 mg/L for the simultaneous resin application compared to solely applying MIEX resin. A full scale MIEX treatment plant (14.5 MGD) reduced raw water DOC from 13.7 mg/L to 4.90 mg/L in the treated effluent at a bed volume (BV) treatment rate of 800, where a parallel operation of a simultaneous MIEX and Plus resin pilot (10 gpm) measured effluent DOC concentrations of no greater than 3.4 mg/L, even at bed volumes of treatment 37.5% greater than the full scale plant. MIEX effluent compared to simultaneous Plus and MIEX effluent resulted in differences in fluorescence intensity that correlated to decreases in DOC concentration. The simultaneous treatment of Plus and MIEX resin produced water with predominantly microbial character, indicating the enhanced DOC removal was principally due to increased removal of terrestrially derived organic matter. The addition of Plus resin to a process train with MIEX resin allows for one treatment process to remove both DOC and hardness, where a single brine waste stream can be sent to sewer at a full-scale plant, completely removing lime chemical addition and sludge waste disposal for precipitative softening processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arias-Paic
- Bureau of Reclamation, Denver Federal Center, Building 56, Room 2010, Denver, CO 80225, USA.
| | - Kaelin M Cawley
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, 428 UCB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Steve Byg
- IXOM, 33101 East Quincy Avenue, Watkins, CO 80137, USA
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, 428 UCB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sindelar HR, Brown MT, Boyer TH. Effects of natural organic matter on calcium and phosphorus co-precipitation. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:218-24. [PMID: 26079982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and natural organic matter (NOM) naturally occur in all aquatic ecosystems. However, excessive P loads can cause eutrophic or hyper-eutrophic conditions in these waters. As a result, P regulation is important for these impaired aquatic systems, and Ca-P co-precipitation is a vital mechanism of natural P removal in many alkaline systems, such as the Florida Everglades. The interaction of P, Ca, and NOM is also an important factor in lime softening and corrosion control, both critical processes of drinking water treatment. Determining the role of NOM in Ca-P co-precipitation is important for identifying mechanisms that may limit P removal in both natural and engineered systems. The main goal of this research is to assess the role of NOM in inhibiting Ca and P co-precipitation by: (1) measuring how Ca, NOM, and P concentrations affect NOM's potential inhibition of co-precipitation; (2) determining the effect of pH; and (3) evaluating the precipitated solids. Results showed that Ca-P co-precipitation occurs at pH 9.5 in the presence of high natural organic matter (NOM) (≈30 mg L(-1)). The supersaturation of calcite overcomes the inhibitory effect of NOM seen at lower pH values. Higher initial P concentrations lead to both higher P precipitation rates and densities of P on the calcite surface. The maximum surface density of co-precipitated P on the precipitated calcite surface increases with increasing NOM levels, suggesting that NOM does prevent the co-precipitation of Ca and P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Sindelar
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
| | - Mark T Brown
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Saetta D, Ishii SK, Pine WE, Boyer TH. Case Study and Life Cycle Assessment of a Coastal Utility Facing Saltwater Intrusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Saetta
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences; Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida; Gainesville
| | - Stephanie K.L. Ishii
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences; Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida; Gainesville
| | - William E. Pine
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville
| | - Treavor H. Boyer
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences; Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida; Gainesville
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vidal RH, Pereira CG. Ion exchange resin applied to obtain the clarified cashew juice. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1064961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Kim HC, Timmes TC, Dempsey BA. Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and EfOM using MIEX, coagulation, and low-pressure membrane filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:3167-3175. [PMID: 26017783 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1055819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) treatment, in-line alum coagulation, and low-pressure membrane filtration was investigated for the simultaneous removal of total phosphorus (TP) and effluent organic matter (EfOM) from biologically treated wastewater. The focus was also placed on minimizing fouling of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyethersulfone membranes, which are the most commonly used low-pressure membranes in new and retrofit wastewater treatment plants. MIEX alone was effective for the removal of EfOM, and MIEX plus a small alum dose was very effective in removing both EfOM and TP. MIEX removed phosphorus, but organic acids in EfOM were preferentially removed, and the effects of competing anions on the removal of EfOM were insignificant. All the pretreatment strategies decreased the resistance to filtration. The greatest decrease in fouling was achieved by using MIEX (15 mL L⁻¹) plus a very low dose of alum (∼0.5 mg Al L⁻¹). Sweep floc coagulation using alum and without MIEX also significantly decreased fouling but did not effectively remove EfOM and produced high floc volume that could be problematic for inside-out hollow-fibre modules. The addition of these reagents into rapid mix followed by membrane filtration would provide operational simplicity and could be easily retrofitted at existing membrane filtration facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
| | - Thomas C Timmes
- b US Army Center for Environmental Health Research , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Brian A Dempsey
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim HC. High-rate MIEX filtration for simultaneous removal of phosphorus and membrane foulants from secondary effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 69:40-50. [PMID: 25463930 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) resin under the best possible conditions, passage through a fixed-bed of resin as opposed to the alternative of directly adding resin into a flowing stream. The possibility of using a very small amount of alum in addition to MIEX treatment was also investigated not only to adsorb residual EfOM in the effluent from a bed of MIEX but also to produce a porous cake layer that would keep away foulants from the surface of membrane or its pore walls. The MIEX treatment alone reduced fouling, but to a much lesser extent than for MIEX combined with an under-dosing coagulation (which uses a considerably low amount of alum). Almost all of colloids and organic acids were removed and the nearly complete removal of phosphorus was achieved by MIEX in a fixed-bed even for an extremely short hydraulic retention time of wastewater in the resin bed. MIEX resin removed phosphorus, but organic acids in EfOM were preferentially removed and the effects of competing anions on the removal of EfOM were insignificant. The MIEX treatment with added alum (only 0.5 mg Al L(-1)) dramatically improved the performance of MF and UF membranes and the subsequent membrane filtration also achieved ≤0.01 mg L(-1) of residual phosphorous. This condition also allowed good flux recovery after hydraulic flushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Synthesis of nanosheet layered double hydroxides at lower pH: Optimization of hardness and sulfate removal from drinking water samples. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
43
|
Sindelar HR, Brown MT, Boyer TH. Evaluating UV/H₂O₂, UV/percarbonate, and UV/perborate for natural organic matter reduction from alternative water sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 105:112-118. [PMID: 24405969 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) continues to increase in drinking water sources due to many factors, including changes in land use and global climate. Water treatment facilities will need to evaluate the best treatment options to account for these higher NOM levels. The UV/H₂O₂ advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one treatment option that has shown success at reducing high levels of NOM. As a result, this study evaluated the UV/H₂O₂ for the reduction of NOM in a high NOM water matrix, the Florida Everglades. In addition to liquid H₂O₂, sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate were used as oxidants to evaluate their performance as alternatives to liquid H₂O₂. Results showed that all three oxidants were able to reduce aromatic carbon (UV₂₅₄) by 46-66% and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 11-19% at UV fluences of 2.6-2.7 J cm(-2) and an H₂O₂ dose of 100 mg L(-1). When the UV fluences were increased to 21.8-26.1 J cm(-2) at an H₂O₂ dose of 100 mg L(-1), UV₂₅₄ reduction increased to 79-97% and DOC to 42-82% for all three oxidants. All three oxidants performed statistically similar for UV₂₅₄ reduction. However, for DOC reduction, H₂O₂ performed statically better than both percarbonate and perborate, and perborate performed statistically better than percarbonate. While the UV/H₂O₂ AOP is effective for NOM reduction in high NOM waters, advances in electrical efficiency are needed to make it economically feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R Sindelar
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Mark T Brown
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fu L, Shuang C, Liu F, Li A, Li Y, Zhou Y, Song H. Rapid removal of copper with magnetic poly-acrylic weak acid resin: quantitative role of bead radius on ion exchange. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 272:102-111. [PMID: 24681592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic weak acid resin NDMC was self-synthesized for the removal of Cu(2+) from aqueous solutions. NDMC showed superior properties on the removal of Cu(2+) compared to commercial resins C106 and IRC-748, which was deeply investigated by adsorption isotherms and kinetic tests. The equilibrium adsorption amount of Cu(2+) onto NDMC (267.2mg/g) was almost twice as large as that onto IRC-748 (120.0mg/g). The adsorption kinetics of Cu(2+) onto the three resins fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. The initial adsorption rate h of NDMC was about 4 times that of C106 and nearly 8 times that of IRC-748 at the initial concentration of 500mg/L. External surface area was determined to be the key factor in rate-controlling by further analyzing the adsorption thermodynamics, kinetics parameters and physicochemical properties of the resins. NDMC resin with the smallest bead radius possessed the largest external surface and therefore exhibited the fastest kinetics. The adsorption amount of Cu(2+) onto NDMC was not influenced as the concentration of Na(+) increased from 1.0 to 10.0mM/L. Dilute HCl solution could effectively desorb Cu(2+). NDMC demonstrated high stability during 10 adsorption/desorption cycles, showing great potential in the rapid removal of Cu(2+) from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chendong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Haiou Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Removal of dissolved organic carbon from surface water by anion exchange and adsorption: Bench-scale testing to simulate a two-stage countercurrent process. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
46
|
Zhang M, Li A, Zhou Q, Shuang C, Zhou Y, Wang M. Preparation and High Reusability of a Novel Acid-Resistant Magnetic Weak Acid Resin for Ni2+ Removal. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401572e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mancheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chendong Shuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Palomino PA, Boyer TH. Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX) Treatment of Surface Water, Groundwater, and Landfill Leachate Wastewater: Effect on Organic Matter Fluorescence. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.805227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
48
|
Indarawis KA, Boyer TH. Superposition of anion and cation exchange for removal of natural water ions. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
49
|
Sakura K, Tsuge A. Efficient production of bisphenol-A by utilizing cation-exchange polystyrene resins that are crosslinked by naphthalene or a biphenyl unit. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
50
|
Wang Y, Sikora S, Kim H, Boyer TH, Bonzongo JC, Townsend TG. Effects of solution chemistry on the removal reaction between calcium carbonate-based materials and Fe(II). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 443:717-724. [PMID: 23228717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated iron concentrations have been observed in the groundwater underlying and surrounding several Florida landfill sites. An in situ groundwater remediation method for iron (present as soluble ferrous iron) using a permeable reactive barrier composed of calcium carbonate-based materials (CCBMs), such as limestone, was examined as a potentially effective and low-cost treatment technique. The effects of various environmental factors (i.e., pH, co-existing cations, and natural organic matter (NOM)) on the removal reaction were investigated using laboratory batch studies. Solution pH had a minor effect on iron removal, with superior iron removal observed in the highest pH solution (pH of 9). Sodium and calcium tended to impede the iron removal process by increasing the ionic strength of the solution. Manganese competes with iron ions at the adsorption sites on CCBMs; therefore, the presence of manganese prohibits iron removal and reduces removal effectiveness. NOM was found to decrease Fe(II) uptake by CCBMs and reduce the removal effectiveness by complexing Fe(II), most likely through the carboxyl group, thereby maintaining Fe(II) mobility in the aqueous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, P. O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|