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You X, Liu S, Berns-Herrboldt EC, Dai C, Werth CJ. Kinetics of Hydroxyl Radical Production from Oxygenation of Reduced Iron Minerals and Their Reactivity with Trichloroethene: Effects of Iron Amounts, Iron Species, and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4892-4904. [PMID: 36921080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species generated during the oxygenation of different ferrous species have been documented at groundwater field sites, but their effect on pollutant destruction remains an open question. To address this knowledge gap, a kinetic model was developed to probe mechanisms of •OH production and reactivity with trichloroethene (TCE) and competing species in the presence of reduced iron minerals (RIM) and oxygen in batch experiments. RIM slurries were formed by combining different amounts of Fe(II) and sulfide (with Fe(II):S ratios from 1:1 to 50:1) or Fe(II) and sulfate with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) added. Extents of TCE oxidation and •OH production were both greater with RIM prepared under more reducing conditions (more added Fe(II)) and then amended with O2. Kinetic rate constants from modeling indicate that •OH production from free Fe(II) dominates •OH production from solid Fe(II) and that TCE competes for •OH with Fe(II) and organic matter (OM). Competition with OM only occurs in experiments with SRB, which include cells and their exudates. Experimental results indicate that cells and/or exudates also provide electron equivalents to reform Fe(II) from oxidized RIM. Our work provides new insights into mechanisms and environmental significance of TCE oxidation by •OH produced from oxygenation of RIM. However, further work is necessary to confirm the relative importance of reaction pathways identified here and to probe potentially unaccounted for mechanisms that affect abiotic TCE oxidation in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueji You
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- The Yangtze River Water Environment Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Erin C Berns-Herrboldt
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chaomeng Dai
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Charles J Werth
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Rao N, Gonzalez-Torres A, Tamburic B, Wong Y, Foubert I, Muylaert K, Henderson R, Vandamme D. The influence of physical floc properties on the separation of marine microalgae via alkaline flocculation followed by dissolved air flotation. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Abstract
Precipitation of mineral phosphates from wastewater treatment processes is an excellent method for phosphorus recovery, leading to the formation of compounds with high fertilizing value. Conventionally, P-precipitation processes are mostly applied to supernatant of anaerobic sludge digestates, due to their high P and N residual contents. This study concerns P-recovery in a pilot-scale side-stream reactor from aerobic (activated sludge) wastewater liquor. The effect of process retention time and pH was determined using sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide as alternative pH buffer reagents, in both synthetic and real wastewater. Equilibrium mass balance calculations were first applied to estimate the theoretical final composition of P-precipitates under different process conditions; then, actual precipitation experiments were carried out with synthetic wastewater to define optimal process operating parameters in controlled conditions. Results showed that phosphorus precipitation was affected mainly by solution pH and did not significantly depend on the reactor’s retention time. These findings were validated by operating the process with real wastewater: on average, 61.2% and 90.4% phosphorus precipitation (recovery) were achieved at pH = 8.5 and 9.0 under a controlled Mg:NH4:P molar ratio of 5:5:1, using sodium hydroxide as acidity buffer. The main fraction of final precipitates consisted of calcium phosphate compounds, while struvite, bobierrite and calcite showed up in smaller proportions. It was also shown that dosage of calcium hydroxide for pH adjustment, without any other chemicals for molar ratios adjustment of the solution, has great potential for P recovery in the form of a calcium phosphate-rich precipitate, usable for fertilizer, with 75.6% phosphorus removal in mineral form at pH = 8.5. The process is much less costly to operate than struvite precipitation, and more energetically sustainable. This scheme could be ideally suited for application in facilities operating under an enhanced phosphorus removal process scheme.
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Zhang J, Cao S, Liu P, Shan Z. Electrochemical Oxidation of Starch Investigated by Single‐Current‐Transition Method. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Shengkui Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Peng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhihua Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 China
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Devda V, Chaudhary K, Varjani S, Pathak B, Patel AK, Singhania RR, Taherzadeh MJ, Ngo HH, Wong JWC, Guo W, Chaturvedi P. Recovery of resources from industrial wastewater employing electrochemical technologies: status, advancements and perspectives. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4697-4718. [PMID: 34334104 PMCID: PMC8806852 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1946631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, water use has increased at twice the rate of population growth. The freshwater resources are getting polluted by contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, organic waste, pathogens, fertilizers, and emerging pollutants. Globally more than 80% of the wastewater is released into the environment without proper treatment. Rapid industrialization has a dramatic effect on developing countries leading to significant losses to economic and health well-being in terms of toxicological impacts on humans and the environment through air, water, and soil pollution. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove wastewater contaminants. A physical and/or chemical technique alone appears ineffective for recovering useful resources from wastewater containing complex components. There is a requirement for more processes or processes combined with membrane and biological processes to enhance operational efficiency and quality. More processes or those that are combined with biological and membrane-based processes are required to enhance operational efficiencies and quality. This paper intends to provide an exhaustive review of electrochemical technologies including microbial electrochemical technologies. It provides comprehensive information for the recovery of metals, nutrients, sulfur, hydrogen, and heat from industrial effluents. This article aims to give detailed information into the advancements in electrochemical processes to energy use, improve restoration performance, and achieve commercialization. It also covers bottlenecks and perspectives of this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viralkunvar Devda
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kashika Chaudhary
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhawana Pathak
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan W. C. Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, HKSAR
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Environmental Toxicology Group, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yin R, Peng J, Sun J, Li C, Xia D, Shang C. Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide, phosphate and emerging organic contaminants, and improvement of sludge dewaterability by oxidant dosing in sulfide-iron-laden sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117557. [PMID: 34418644 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid sludge often contains odorous and toxic hydrogen sulfide and high levels of FeII compounds (e.g., iron sulfides), due to the extensive use of iron salts for hydrogen sulfide control in sewers and for enhanced primary treatment and phosphate removal in wastewater treatment plants. We proposed and verified that dosing appropriate chemical oxidants in the sulfide-iron-laden sludge can be a simple and cost-effective strategy to remove hydrogen sulfide, phosphate, and emerging organic contaminants, and to improve sludge dewaterability simultaneously. Among the seven oxidants investigated, H2O2, ClO2 and NaClO2 were the more cost-effective oxidants than others to control hydrogen sulfide release from the liquid sludge. Dosing these three oxidants also improved sludge dewaterability and removed dissolved phosphate from the liquid sludge, with H2O2 performing the best. Hydrogen sulfide was removed via both direct oxidation by the dosed oxidants and indirect oxidation by the FeIII that was in-situ formed from oxidation of the FeII compounds in the sludge. The in-situ formed FeIII also precipitated/adsorbed the soluble phosphate into the solid form (FePO4). Fenton-like reactions occurred between H2O2 and the FeII compounds in the sludge, and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) were generated. HO• oxidized hydrogen sulfide, destructed refractory organic emerging contaminants and sludge extracellular polymeric compounds (EPSs), and improved the sludge dewaterability. The formation of HO• can be enhanced by hydrogen sulfide and the sludge EPSs present in the sludge through providing more available FeII for the Fenton-like reactions. This study demonstrates the importance of selecting and dosing suitable oxidants to the sulfide-iron-laden sludge with due consideration for the multiple benefits in engineering practices. The same principles may be also used in formulating a dual oxidant-iron strategy to treat sulfide-iron-laden sewage, sludge, and sediments for simultaneous abatement of various pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiadong Peng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianliang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Blázquez E, Gabriel D, Baeza JA, Guisasola A, Ledezma P, Freguia S. Implementation of a Sulfide-Air Fuel Cell Coupled to a Sulfate-Reducing Biocathode for Elemental Sulfur Recovery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115571. [PMID: 34071068 PMCID: PMC8197079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bio-electrochemical systems (BES) are a flexible biotechnological platform that can be employed to treat several types of wastewaters and recover valuable products concomitantly. Sulfate-rich wastewaters usually lack an electron donor; for this reason, implementing BES to treat the sulfate and the possibility of recovering the elemental sulfur (S0) offers a solution to this kind of wastewater. This study proposes a novel BES configuration that combines bio-electrochemical sulfate reduction in a biocathode with a sulfide–air fuel cell (FC) to recover S0. The proposed system achieved high elemental sulfur production rates (up to 386 mg S0-S L−1 d−1) with 65% of the sulfate removed recovered as S0 and a 12% lower energy consumption per kg of S0 produced (16.50 ± 0.19 kWh kg−1 S0-S) than a conventional electrochemical S0 recovery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Blázquez
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.G.); (J.A.B.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - David Gabriel
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.G.); (J.A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.G.); (J.A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (D.G.); (J.A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Pablo Ledezma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (P.L.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (P.L.); (S.F.)
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8
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Liu Y, Deng YY, Zhang Q, Liu H. Overview of recent developments of resource recovery from wastewater via electrochemistry-based technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143901. [PMID: 33310303 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the rapid increase of the worldwide population, recovering valuable resources from wastewater have attracted more and more attention by governments and academia. Electrochemical technologies have been extensively investigated over the past three decades to purify wastewater. However, the application of these technologies for resource recovery from wastewater has just attracted limited attention. In this review, the recent (2010-2020) electrochemical technologies for resource recovery from wastewater are summarized and discussed for the first time. Fundamentals of typical electrochemical technologies are firstly summarized and analyzed, followed by the specific examples of electrochemical resource recovery technologies for different purposes. Based on the fundamentals of electrochemical reactions and without the addition of chemical agents, metallic ions, nutrients, sulfur, hydrogen and chemical compounds can be effectively recovered by means of electrochemical reduction, electrochemical induced precipitation, electrochemical stripping, electrochemical oxidation and membrane-based electrochemical processes, etc. Pros and cons of each electrochemical technology in practical applications are discussed and analyzed. Single-step electrochemical process seems ineffectively to recover valuable resources from the wastewater with complicated constituents. Multiple-step processes or integrated with biological and membrane-based technologies are essential to improve the performance and purity of products. Consequently, this review attempts to offer in-depth insights into the developments of next-generation of electrochemical technologies to minimize energy consumption, boost recovery efficiency and realize the commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Deng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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9
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Tolofari A, Islam M, Yuan Q. Statistical modeling of phosphorus solubilization from chemical sludge and evaluation of optimal sodium hydroxide dose. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109824. [PMID: 31747627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from sludge has drawn widespread attention across the world to minimize the P load to the watershed, a concern for eutrophication, and to meet the stringent effluent discharge regulations in some countries. Waste activated sludge (WAS) and dewatered sludge (DS) were treated with a wide range of NaOH doses (0-0.75 g g-1 TS). The WAS sludge was diluted to 4.5%-2.25% of TS before the treatment to make comparable amount of TS as of DS (2.25%-1.5%). The kinetic study illustrated that P solubilization reached equilibrium within the first 20 min of treatment duration. Significant positive correlation was found between solution pH and P solubilization, whereas effect of TS was mostly insignificant. The experimental data was well fitted to the exponential models and exhibited maximum P solubilization of about 67% and 56% from the DS and WAS at NaOH doses of 0.71 and 0.27 g g-1 TS, respectively. The optimal NaOH application dose of 0.36 g g-1 TS for DS and 0.20 g g-1 TS for WAS were obtained with 64% and 48% of P solubilization, respectively. The modeling approach and the optimal dose of NaOH illustrated in this study could be utilized for other types of sludges having similar P to TS ratio and P solubilization mechanisms could be further extended to other type of P recovery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaobu Tolofari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mofizul Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Qiuyan Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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10
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Zeng Q, Hao T, Sun B, Luo J, Chen G, Crittenden JC. Electrochemical Pretreatment for Sludge Sulfide Control without Chemical Dosing: A Mechanistic Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14559-14567. [PMID: 31746592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide is a toxic and corrosive odorant generated in various sludge treatment and disposal systems. We developed an electrochemical pretreatment (EPT) approach to eliminate sludge sulfide production without adding chemicals. Biochemical sulfide potential (BSP) test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of EPT on sludge sulfide production. The sulfide control was effective with EPT, and we determined the underlying mechanism of EPT. EPT which was operated at 12 V for 720 s eliminated 99% of dissolved sulfide and 100% of gaseous H2S(g). In comparison, the dissolved sulfide reached 104 ± 1 mg S/L in the control BSP test. A sulfur mass balance analysis in the BSP test showed that 90% of the produced sulfide was removed via metal precipitation. Metal distribution results confirmed that metals (i.e., Fe, Mn, and Ni) in the sludge became soluble after EPT and were released from their residual and organically bound fractions. EPT which was operated at 15 V solubilized around 73, 92, and 72% of Fe, Mn, and Ni, and these metals precipitated the sulfide that was produced from biological sulfate reduction. Sludge analysis revealed that EPT disintegrated sludge flocs and disrupted metal-binding functional groups. Specifically, reduction of 17% C═O functional groups in the sludge was found, which could be associated with metal release. The impact of oxidants (e.g., chlorine) generated from EPT on sulfide oxidation was minimal. The findings of this study broadened up our understanding of the electrochemical process for sulfide control during saline sludge digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Macau , Macau 999078 , China
| | | | - Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Guangzhou 511458 , China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Salehin S, Kulandaivelu J, Rebosura M, Khan W, Wong R, Jiang G, Smith P, McPhee P, Howard C, Sharma K, Keller J, Donose BC, Yuan Z, Pikaar I. Opportunities for reducing coagulants usage in urban water management: The Oxley Creek Sewage Collection and Treatment System as an example. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114996. [PMID: 31465996 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron and aluminium based coagulants are used in enormous amounts and play an essential role in urban water management globally. They are dosed at drinking water production facilities for the removal of natural organic matter. Iron salts are also dosed to sewers for corrosion and odour control, and at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for phosphate removal from wastewater and hydrogen sulfide removal from biogas. A recent laboratory study revealed that iron dosed to sewers is available for phosphate and hydrogen sulfide removal in the downstream WWTP. This study demonstrates for the first time under real-life conditions the practical feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy through a year-long full-scale investigation. Over a period of 5 months, alum dosing at ∼190 kg Al/day to the bioreactor in a full-scale WWTP was stopped, while FeCl2 dosing at ∼160 kg Fe/day in the upstream network was commenced. Extensive sampling campaigns were conducted over the baseline, trial and recovery periods to investigate sulfide control in sewers and its flow-on effects on phosphate in WWTP effluent, H2S in biogas, as well as on the WWTP effluent hypochlorite disinfection process. A plant-wide mass balance analysis showed that the Fe2+ dosed upstream was effectively used for P removal in the activated sludge tanks, with an effluent phosphate concentration comparable to that in the baseline period (i.e. with alum dosing to the bioreactor). Simultaneously, hydrogen sulfide concentration in biogas decreased ∼43%, from 495 ± 10 to 283 ± 4 ppm. No effects on biological nitrogen removal and disinfection processes were observed. Both effluent phosphate and H2S in biogas increased in the recovery period, when in-sewer dosing of FeCl2 was stopped. X-ray diffraction failed to reveal the presence of vivianite in the digested sludge, providing strong evidence that thermal hydrolysis prevented the formation of vivianite during anaerobic digestion. The latter limits the potential for selective recovery of Fe and P through magnetic separation. Overall, our study clearly demonstrates the multiple beneficial reuse of iron in a real urban wastewater system and urges water utilities to adopt an integrated approach to coagulant use in urban water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajus Salehin
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia; The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Mario Rebosura
- The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wakib Khan
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reece Wong
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Smith
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul McPhee
- Queensland Urban Utilities, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Keshab Sharma
- The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jürg Keller
- The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bogdan C Donose
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia; The Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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12
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Blázquez E, Gabriel D, Baeza JA, Guisasola A, Freguia S, Ledezma P. Recovery of elemental sulfur with a novel integrated bioelectrochemical system with an electrochemical cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:175-183. [PMID: 31055098 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several industrial activities produce wastewater with high sulfate content that can cause significant environmental issues. Although bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have recently been studied for the treatment of sulfate contained in this wastewater, the recovery of elemental sulfur with BESs is still in its beginnings. This work proposes a new reactor configuration named BES-EC, consisting of the coupling of a BES with an electrochemical cell (EC), to treat this type of wastewater and recover elemental sulfur. The reactor consisted of four electrodes: i) an abiotic anode, ii) a biocathode for the autotrophic sulfate reduction, iii) an anode of an electrochemical cell (EC) for the partial oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur (the biocathode and the EC anode were placed in the same chamber) and iv) an abiotic EC cathode. Several cathode potentials and sulfate loads were tested, obtaining high sulfate removal rates (up to 888 mg SO42--S L-1 d-1 at -0.9 V vs. SHE with a specific energy consumption of 9.18 ± 0.80 kWh kg-1 SO42--S). Exceptionally high theoretical elemental sulfur production rates (up to 498 mg S0-S L-1 d-1) were achieved with the EC controlled at a current density of 2.5 A m-2. Electron recovery around 80% was observed throughout most of the operation of the integrated system. In addition, short experiments were performed at different current densities, observing that sulfate removal did not increase proportionally to the higher applied current density. However, when the BES was controlled at 30 A m-2 and the EC at 7.5 A m-2, the proportion of elemental sulfur produced corresponded to 92.9 ± 1.9% of all sulfate removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Blázquez
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Gabriel
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Guisasola
- GENOCOV, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pablo Ledezma
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
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Björnerbäck F, Hedin N. Highly Porous Hypercrosslinked Polymers Derived from Biobased Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:839-847. [PMID: 30576075 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous and hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) have a range of applications and are typically synthesized in an unsustainable manner. Herein, HCPs were synthesized from abundant biobased or biorelated compounds in sulfolane with iron(III) chloride as Lewis acid catalyst. As reactants, quercetin, tannic acid, phenol, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, glucose, and a commercial bark extract were used. The HCPs had high CO2 uptake (up to 3.94 mmol g-1 at 0 °C and 1 bar), total pore volumes (up to 1.86 cm3 g-1 ), and specific surface areas (up to 1440 m2 g-1 ). 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray scattering, elemental analysis, and SEM revealed, for example, that the HCPs consisted of amorphous and cross-linked aromatic and phenolic structures with significant contents of aliphatics, oxygen, and sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Björnerbäck
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius laboratory, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Arrhenius laboratory, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ni BJ. Evaluating enhanced sulfate reduction and optimized volatile fatty acids (VFA) composition in anaerobic reactor by Fe (III) addition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2123-2131. [PMID: 25606811 DOI: 10.1021/es504200j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic reactors with ferric iron addition have been experimentally demonstrated to be able to simultaneously improve sulfate reduction and organic matter degradation during sulfate-containing wastewater treatment. In this work, a mathematical model is developed to evaluate the impact of ferric iron addition on sulfate reduction and organic carbon removal as well as the volatile fatty acids (VFA) composition in anaerobic reactor. The model is successfully calibrated and validated using independent long-term experimental data sets from the anaerobic reactor with Fe (III) addition under different operational conditions. The model satisfactorily describes the sulfate reduction, organic carbon removal and VFA production. Results show Fe (III) addition induces the microbial reduction of Fe (III) by iron reducing bacteria (IRB), which significantly enhances sulfate reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and subsequently changes the VFA composition to acetate-dominating effluent. Simultaneously, the produced Fe (II) from IRB can alleviate the inhibition of undissociated H2S on microorganisms through iron sulfide precipitation, resulting in further improvement of the performance. In addition, the enhancement on reactor performance by Fe (III) is found to be more significantly favored at relatively low organic carbon/SO4(2-) ratio (e.g., 1.0) than at high organic carbon/SO4(2-) ratio (e.g., 4.5). The Fe (III)-based process of this work can be easily integrated with a commonly used strategy for phosphorus recovery, with the produced sulfide being recovered and then deposited into conventional chemical phosphorus removal sludge (FePO4) to achieve FeS precipitation for phosphorus recovery while the required Fe (III) being acquired from the waste ferric sludge of drinking water treatment process, to enable maximum resource recovery/reuse while achieving high-rate sulfate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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