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Olive Mill and Olive Pomace Evaporation Pond’s By-Products: Toxic Level Determination and Role of Indigenous Microbiota in Toxicity Alleviation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diverse vegetable oils are extracted from oleagenic trees and plants all over the world. In particular, olive oil represents a strategic socio-economic branch in the Mediterranean countries. These countries use either two or three-phase olive oil extraction systems. In this work, we focus on the by-products from three-phase olive oil extraction, which are the liquid olive mill wastewater (OMW) and the solid olive mill pomace (OMP) rejected in evaporative ponds. The disposal of this recalcitrant waste poses environmental problems such as the death of different species of insects and animals. In-depth ICP-OES analysis of the heavy metal composition of OMW and OMP revealed the presence of many metals ranging from non-toxic to highly toxic. The LC-HRMS characterization of these by-products indicated the presence of several secondary metabolites harmful to humans or to the environment. Thus, we aimed to identify OMW and OMP indigenous microbiota through metagenomics. The bacterial population was dominated by the Acetobacter (49.7%), Gluconobacter (17.3%), Gortzia (13.7%) and Nardonalla (5.3%) genera. The most abundant fungal genera were Nakazawaea, Saccharomyces, Lachancea and Candida. These microbial genera are responsible for OMW, OMP and soil toxicity alleviation.
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Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Reaction for Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment—Case of Reusable Catalyst. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts can be an efficient and economical option for olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment by an advanced oxidation process if they could be reused. In this work, OMW was treated using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction (artificial ultraviolet light/H2O2/HFeO2). For this purpose, different concentrations of HFeO2 were tested: 0.04; 0.3; 0.8; 5.0; 10.0; 20.0; 30.0, and 50.0 g/L. The following operational conditions were chosen: pH = 3.0, temperature = 20 °C, agitation rate = 700 rpm. The experimental results showed high removal percentages of the main OMW characterization parameters at 50 g/L of HFeO2: %CODremoval = 62.8%; %total phenolic compounds (TPCs) = 88.9%. These results were also compared with those of other control oxidation systems, i.e., UV, H2O2, and UV/H2O2, which provided 35.5 and 56.1%; 46.2 and 74.0%; 48.0 and 76.8% removal, respectively. In addition, the catalyst was reused three times, recovering more than 90.5% of it.
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CuCr 2O 4@CaFe-LDO photocatalyst for remarkable removal of COD from high-strength olive mill wastewater. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:193-202. [PMID: 33601104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater from the olive mill constitutes a serious environmental concern, as it is characterized by a high inorganic and organic load. Here, a hybrid photocatalyst based on calcined Ca-Fe-LDH was successfully synthesized for the degradation of phenolic compounds and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the high-strength olive mill wastewater (OMW). The catalyst (CuCr2O4@CaFe-LDO) displayed a stable ~4.48 µA cm-2 photocurrent response, a 2.56 eV bandgap and a wide variety of pores with an average size of 12.51 nm. 1.0 g CuCr2O4@CaFe-LDO achieved 66% COD removal after 300 mins without an oxidant in the dark, while after 180 mins of reaction, CuCr2O4@CaFe-LDO/K2S2O8/sunlight system resulted in ~99% and 98.3% COD and colour removal. Seven phenolic compounds were found in the crude OMW, with hydroxytyrosol (76.84%) and tyrosol (15.14%) being the main ones. The final pH of the sample treated increased from 4.3 to 7.3, which confirmed the degradation of phenolics and fatty acids in the OMW. OH, SO4-, h+ and O2- contributed notably to the degradation of polyphenols and the spent catalyst was easily and rapidly recovered from the bulk solution due to its saturation magnetization of 54.7 emu g-1.
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Experimental assessment of a hybrid process including adsorption/photo Fenton oxidation and Microbial Fuel Cell for the removal of dicarboxylic acids from aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Applications of Fenton oxidation processes for decontamination of palm oil mill effluent: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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6
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Yuney K, Oladipo AA, Gazi M, Younis DZ. CuO coated olive cake nanocomposites for rapid phenol removal and effective discoloration of high strength olive mill wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126703. [PMID: 32294600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential of solid olive wastes-based adsorbent (CuO-OC) with photocatalytic power was established for the removal of total phenolics and photocatalytic discolourization of high strength olive mill wastewater (OMW). Clear insight of the FTIR and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses showed that oxygen-containing functional groups of CuO-OC likely participated in the adsorption of total phenols from the OMW via a π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Also, the total pore volume of CuO-OC decreased from 0.068 to 0.052 cm3 g-1 after adsorption, which suggested that phenolics were trapped within the micro- and mesopores of CuO-OC. The adsorption kinetics revealed that ∼82.7-95% of the phenolic compounds were removed within the first 360 min which is relatively faster than adsorbents and methods reported elsewhere. The isotherm results showed that Redlich-Peterson equation fit the experimental data very well with least error (χ2 = 1.46-3.19) and high correlation coefficients (0.992-0.996), which suggested a mixture of hetero- and monolayer coverage of the phenolics on the CuO-OC surface. Results obtained herein are of practical interest and the reuse efficiency of CuO-OC remained ∼60% after 5 successive recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivanc Yuney
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, TR North Cyprus, Famagusta Via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, TR North Cyprus, Famagusta Via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Gazi
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, TR North Cyprus, Famagusta Via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Dilshad Zubair Younis
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, TR North Cyprus, Famagusta Via Mersin 10, Turkey
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7
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Tu X, Pan Y, Gao H, Li B, Song Y. Post-treatment of bio-treated acrylonitrile wastewater using UV/Fenton process: degradation kinetics of target compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24570-24580. [PMID: 31236864 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, post-treatment of bio-treated acrylonitrile wastewater was performed using the UV/Fenton process. Five target compounds (furmaronitrile, 3-pyridinecarbonitrile, 1,3-dicyanobenzene, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, and 7-azaindole) were selected as target compounds and their degradation kinetics were examined. Under optimal reaction conditions (H2O2 dosage 3.0 mM, Fe2+ dosage 0.3 mM, and initial pH 3.0), more than 85% of total organic carbon (TOC) was eliminated in 30 min when a 10-W UV lamp was employed, and the electrical energy per order of magnitude for TOC removal was as low as 2.96 kWh m-3. Furthermore, the target compounds and the toxicity were largely removed from the bio-treated effluent. Size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon detector analysis revealed that organic components with a wide range of molecular weights were greatly reduced after the UV/Fenton process. A simplified pseudo steady-state (SPSS) model was applied to predict the degradation of target compounds during the UV/Fenton process. The concentrations of generated hydroxyl radicals were estimated to be 3.06 × 10-12 M, 6.37 × 10-12 M, and 10.9 × 10-12 M under 5-, 10-, and 15-W UV lamps, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed SPSS model fitted well with experimental data on the post-treatment of real wastewater, and consequently indicate that this model can be a useful tool in the prediction of degradation of target compounds during the UV/Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215011, China
| | - Hongjie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yonghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Abdulla HM, El-Shatoury SA, El-Shahawy AA, Ghorab SA, Nasr M, Trujillo ME. An integrated bioaugmentation/electrocoagulation concept for olive mill wastewater management and the reuse in irrigation of biofuel plants: a pilot study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15803-15815. [PMID: 30953323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A consortium of highly degrading microorganisms was used in an integrated bioaugmentation/electrocoagulation process for treating olive mill wastewater. The system was investigated for treating 1 m3 day-1, at a pilot scale, for 2 years; hydraulic loading rate and organic loading rate were 2880 l m-2 day-1 and 37,930 g COD m-2 day-1, respectively. Average removal efficiency for COD, oils, and total phenols was 63.9%, 85.2%, and 43.6%, respectively. The olive mill consortium, OMC, consisted of seven actinomycete strains. The strains were confirmed, by 16S rDNA analysis, to belong to five Streptomyces, one Kitasatospora, and one Micromonospora strains, at 100-99.06% similarities. Hydrolytic enzyme activities of OMC strains were remarkably higher for degrading cellulosic and lipid constituents (enzyme-cumulative indices, 14-16.1), than the phenolic constituents (indices, 4.1-6.5). The establishment of actinomycetes in the treatment system was indicated by their increased counts in the biofilm at the end of the biofilter, reaching 13-fold higher than that in the control bed. The treated effluent was toxic to the seedlings of Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) and Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba). Though its application in irrigation of 3-year-old Jatropha shrubs, significantly, enhanced the fruit yield up to 1.85-fold higher than the control, without affecting the seed oil content, after 3-month application, the irrigated soil showed insignificant changes in its biochemical properties. This developed bioaugmentation/electrocoagulation process can treat wastewater with extremely high organic strength, while its approximate construction and operational costs are limited to 0.03 and 0.51 US$ m-3, respectively. It produces a treated effluent that can be reused in irrigation of specific plants. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Abdulla
- Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Sahar A El-Shatoury
- Botany Dept., Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abeer A El-Shahawy
- Civil Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Safaa A Ghorab
- Forestry and Timber Trees Dept., Hort. Res. Institute, Agric. Research Center, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21544, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Martha E Trujillo
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Edificio Departamental, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Salazar LM, Grisales CM, Garcia DP. How does intensification influence the operational and environmental performance of photo-Fenton processes at acidic and circumneutral pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:4367-4380. [PMID: 29855874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the technical, economical, and environmental impact of sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) as an enhancing agent in a photo-Fenton process within a solar-pond type reactor (SPR). Photo-Fenton (PF) and photo-Fenton intensified with the addition of persulfate (PFPS) processes decolorize 97% the azo dye direct blue 71 (DB71) and allow producing a highly biodegradable effluent. Intensification with persulfate allowed reducing treatment time in 33% (from 120 to 80 min) and the consumption of chemical auxiliaries needed for pH adjustment. Energy, reagents, and chemical auxiliaries are still and environmental hotspot for PF and PFPS; however, it is worth mentioning that their environmental footprint is lower than that observed for compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)-type reactors. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) confirms that H2O2, NaOH, and energy consumption are the variables with the highest impact from an environmental standpoint. The use of persulfate reduced the relative impact in 1.2 to 12% in 12 of the 18 environmental categories studied using the ReCiPe method. The PFPS process emits 1.23 kg CO2 (CO2-Eqv/m3 treated water). On the other hand, the PF process emits 1.28 kg CO2 (CO2-Eqv/m3 treated water). Process intensification, chemometric techniques, and the use of SPRs minimize the impact of some barriers (reagent and energy consumption, technical complexity of reactors, pressure drops, dirt on the reflecting surfaces, fragility of reactor materials), limiting the application of advanced oxidation systems at an industrial level, and decrease treatment cost as well as potential environmental impacts associated with energy and reagents consumption. Treatment costs for PF processes (US$0.78/m3) and PFPS processes (US$0.63/m3) were 20 times lower than those reported for photo-Fenton processes in CPC-type reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Salazar
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Claudia Mildred Grisales
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Dorian Prato Garcia
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia.
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Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Agro-Industrial Wastewater: A Review. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastewaters are characterized by the presence of multiple organic and inorganic contaminants of environmental concern. The high pollutant load, the large volumes produced, and the seasonal variability makes the treatment of these wastewaters an environmental challenge. A wide range of wastewater treatment processes are available, however the continuous search for cost-effective treatment methods is necessary to comply with the legal limits of release in sewer systems and/or in natural waters. This review presents a state-of-the-art of the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to some worldwide generated agro-industrial wastewaters, such as olive mill, winery and pulp mill wastewaters. Studies carried out just with AOPs or combined with physico-chemical or biological treatments were included in this review. The main remarks and factors affecting the treatment efficiency such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), and total polyphenols removal are discussed. From all the studies, the combination of processes led to better treatment efficiencies, regardless the wastewater type or its physico-chemical characteristics.
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Arous F, Hamdi C, Kmiha S, Khammassi N, Ayari A, Neifar M, Mechichi T, Jaouani A. Treatment of olive mill wastewater through employing sequencing batch reactor: performance and microbial diversity assessment. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:481. [PMID: 30456015 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the involvement of a novel reconstituted bacterial consortium in olive mill wastewater (OMW) treatment. The organic loading rate applied to the SBR was serially increased in terms of initial COD from 10 to 75 g L-1 to allow gradual acclimatization of activated sludge to high concentrations of toxic compounds in OMW. After the acclimatization period, up to 60% of the total COD content were effectively biodegraded from OMW at 75 g L-1 COD within 30 day hydraulic retention time. The diversity and community composition of cultivable bacteria participating in the aerobic process of treating OMW were further assessed. A total of 91 bacterial strains were isolated from the reactor and analyzed by amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The most abundant phylum was Firmicutes (57.1%) followed by Proteobacteria (35.2%) and Actinobacteria (7.7%). The use of the Biolog® Phenotype Microarray system to evaluate the ability of isolated strains to utilize OMW phenolic compounds is reported in this work for the first time. Interestingly, results showed that all species tested were able to utilize phenolics as sole carbon and energy sources. The removals of COD and phenolics from undiluted OMW by the reconstituted bacterial consortium were almost similar to those obtained by the acclimatized activated sludge, which suggest that cultivable bacteria play the major role in OMW biodegradation. Phytotoxicity assays using tomato seeds showed a significant improvement of seed germination values for treated OMW. Our overall results suggest that the novel developed bacterial consortium could be considered as a good prospect for phenolics-rich wastewaters bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arous
- 1Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chadlia Hamdi
- 1Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Kmiha
- 1Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Khammassi
- 1Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amani Ayari
- 1Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neifar
- 2University of Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- 3Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Genie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, Route de Soukra, BPW 1173-3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Atef Jaouani
- 1Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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Arabi M, Elias A, Kamel Z, Ait younes Y, Mansouri B, Toumert I. Characterization of olive mill wastewater and gamma irradiation effects on some parameters of its composition. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Chavaco LC, Arcos CA, Prato-Garcia D. Decolorization of reactive dyes in solar pond reactors: Perspectives and challenges for the textile industry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:203-212. [PMID: 28460327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past three decades, Fenton and photo-Fenton processes have been the subject of a large number of research studies aimed at developing a low-cost and robust alternative to treat complex wastewater. Aspects such as installation and operating costs and technical complexity of reactors have limited the commercial applications of Fenton processes. In this study, we evaluated the potential of solar pond reactors to carry out degradation of the dye reactive orange 16 (RO16). Decolorization (D = 99 ± 0.6%), chemical oxygen demand reduction (COD = 55 ± 2%), total organic carbon removal (TOC = 28 ± 0.5%), and biocompatibilization can be accomplished using 15% peroxide (0.6 mg H2O2/mg RO16), which is theoretically required to mineralize the dye. Under dark conditions, decolorization and aromatic removal were scarcely affected (2%), whereas COD and TOC removal were reduced to 37% and 16%, respectively. The application of multivariable analysis and the use of low-cost reactors may lead to a reduction in annual treatment costs of colored effluents to 0.76 (US/m3). Furthermore, the treatment capacity can be increased from 0.6 m3 wastewater/m2 reactor surface to 1.7 m3 wastewater/m2 reactor surface without compromising process efficiency or the biodegradability (BOD5/COD ratio) of the effluent. Dyeing auxiliaries, mainly NaCl, appreciably reduced the decolorization performance in Fenton (13 ± 0.4%) and photo-Fenton (83 ± 0.5%) processes due to the formation of iron-chloride complexes and less powerful oxidants. To reduce the impact of auxiliary agents on process performance and treatment capacity, the Fe2+ concentration should be increased from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L. The results seem promising; however, additional studies at pilot and semi-industrial scales should be conducted to demonstrate the potential of low-cost reactors to carry out colored wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Chavaco
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - C A Arcos
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia
| | - D Prato-Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12-00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Colombia.
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Ioannou-Ttofa L, Michael-Kordatou I, Fattas SC, Eusebio A, Ribeiro B, Rusan M, Amer ARB, Zuraiqi S, Waismand M, Linder C, Wiesman Z, Gilron J, Fatta-Kassinos D. Treatment efficiency and economic feasibility of biological oxidation, membrane filtration and separation processes, and advanced oxidation for the purification and valorization of olive mill wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:1-13. [PMID: 28214720 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major waste stream resulting from numerous operations that occur during the production stages of olive oil. The resulting effluent contains various organic and inorganic contaminants and its environmental impact can be notable. The present work aims at investigating the efficiency of (i) jet-loop reactor with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system (Jacto.MBR), (ii) solar photo-Fenton oxidation after coagulation/flocculation pre-treatment and (iii) integrated membrane filtration processes (i.e. UF/nanofiltration (NF)) used for the treatment of OMW. According to the results, the efficiency of the biological treatment was high, equal to 90% COD and 80% total phenolic compounds (TPh) removal. A COD removal higher than 94% was achieved by applying the solar photo-Fenton oxidation process as post-treatment of coagulation/flocculation of OMW, while the phenolic fraction was completely eliminated. The combined UF/NF process resulted in very high conductivity and COD removal, up to 90% and 95%, respectively, while TPh were concentrated in the NF concentrate stream (i.e. 93% concentration). Quite important is the fact that the NF concentrate, a valuable and polyphenol rich stream, can be further valorized in various industries (e.g. food, pharmaceutical, etc.). The above treatment processes were found also to be able to reduce the initial OMW phytotoxicity at greenhouse experiments; with the effluent stream of solar photo-Fenton process to be the least phytotoxic compared to the other treated effluents. A SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) analysis was performed, in order to determine both the strengths of each technology, as well as the possible obstacles that need to overcome for achieving the desired levels of treatment. Finally, an economic evaluation of the tested technologies was performed in an effort to measure the applicability and viability of these systems at real scale; highlighting that the cost cannot be regarded as a 'cut off criterion', since the most cost-effective option in not always the optimum one.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ioannou-Ttofa
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - I Michael-Kordatou
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - S C Fattas
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Eusebio
- Bioenergy Unit, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - B Ribeiro
- Bioenergy Unit, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Rusan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - A R B Amer
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - S Zuraiqi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - M Waismand
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Departments of Biotechnology, Energy and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - C Linder
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Departments of Biotechnology, Energy and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Z Wiesman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Departments of Biotechnology, Energy and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - J Gilron
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Departments of Biotechnology, Energy and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - D Fatta-Kassinos
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Nair RG, Bharadwaj PJ, Samdarshi SK. Design improvement and performance evaluation of solar photocatalytic reactor for industrial effluent treatment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 134:301-307. [PMID: 26283095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the details of the design components and materials used in a linear compound parabolic trough reactor constructed with an aim to use the photocatalyst for solar photocatalytic applications. A compound parabolic trough reactor has been designed and engineered to exploit both UV and visible part of the solar irradiation. The developed compound parabolic trough reactor could receive almost 88% of UV radiation along with a major part of visible radiation. The performance of the reactor has been evaluated in terms of degradation of a probe pollutant using the parameters such as rate constant, residence time and photonic efficiency. An attempt has been made to assess the performance in different ranges of solar spectrum. Finally the developed reactor has been employed for the photocatalytic treatment of a paper mill effluent using Degussa P25 as the photocatalyst. The paper mill effluent collected from Nagaon paper mill, Assam, India has been treated under both batch mode and continuous mode using Degussa P25 photocatalyst under artificial and natural solar radiation, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of the paper mill effluent has been determined using the reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) values of the effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith G Nair
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam 788010, India.
| | - P J Bharadwaj
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - S K Samdarshi
- Department of Energy, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India; Centre for Energy Engineering and Centre of Excellence in Green and Efficient Energy Technology, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835205, India.
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Suárez-Escobar A, Pataquiva-Mateus A, López-Vasquez A. Electrocoagulation—photocatalytic process for the treatment of lithographic wastewater. Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) and kinetic study. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rusan MJM, Albalasmeh AA, Zuraiqi S, Bashabsheh M. Evaluation of phytotoxicity effect of olive mill wastewater treated by different technologies on seed germination of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9127-9135. [PMID: 25874415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Olive-mill wastewater (OMW) is a by-product effluent of olive oil extraction process that is produced in large amount in the Mediterranean region. OMW is believed to induce phytotoxic effect on organisms including seed germination and plant growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of untreated and treated OMW with different techniques on seed germination of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The following treatments were investigated: (1) tap water (control); (2) OMW treated by aerobic biological technology in a Jacto Reactor (JR); (3) OMW treated by solar fenton oxidation (SFO); (4) OMW treated by microfiltration followed by nanofiltration (MF+NF); (5) OMW treated by microfiltration followed by reverse osmosis (MF+RO) process; (6) diluted OMW with tap water (25 % OMW); (7) diluted OMW with tap water (50 % OMW); (8) diluted OMW with tap water (75 % OMW); and (9) untreated OMW (100 % OMW). A germination test was conducted in an incubator at temperature of 23 (∘)C. In each petri dish, a filter paper was mounted and ten seeds of barley were placed on the filter paper. Five milliliter of water were added to each petri dish. The seed germination was determined by counting the number of germinated seeds to calculate the percentage of germination (G %). Germination rate index (GRI), seed vigor index (SVI), and phytotoxicity index (PI) were also calculated. Then, the dry weights and lengths of the shoots and the roots of the germinated seeds were measured. The results show that 100, 75, and 50 %OMW were very phytotoxic and completely prohibited seed germination. However, phytotoxicity decreased significantly following treatments of OMW with all techniques investigated and by the 25 % OMW dilution, as results of removing the phenols and other phytotoxic organic compounds from the OMW or by diluting it. This was evidenced by relative enhancement of the dry weights and lengths of shoot and root as well as the G %, GRI, SVG, and PI. It was concluded that if OMW will be used for irrigating crops, it has to be first treated or diluted with tap water at a ratio of 1:3 OMW:water at least. The most efficient treatment techniques in reducing the phytotoxicity of OMW were the MF+RO, followed by SFO and JR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir J M Rusan
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
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Nogueira V, Lopes I, Freitas AC, Rocha-Santos TAP, Gonçalves F, Duarte AC, Pereira R. Biological treatment with fungi of olive mill wastewater pre-treated by photocatalytic oxidation with nanomaterials. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:234-242. [PMID: 25723133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMW) still is a major environmental problem due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenolic content (TPC), contributing for the high toxicity and recalcitrant nature. Several attempts have been made for developing more efficient treatment processes, but no chemical or biological approaches were found to be totally effective, especially in terms of toxicity reduction. In this context, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the treatability of OMW by the combination of photocatalytic oxidation, using two nanomaterials as catalysts (TiO2 and Fe2O3), with biological degradation by fungi (Pleurotus sajor caju and Phanerochaete chrysosporium). Photocatalytic oxidation was carried out using different systems, nano-TiO2/UV, nano-Fe2O3/UV, nano-TiO2/H2O2/UV and nano-Fe2O3/H2O2/UV. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed through color (465nm), aromatics (270nm), COD and TPC reductions, as well as by the decrease in toxicity using the bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The chemical treatment with the system nano-TiO2/H2O2/UV promoted 43%, 14%, 38% and 31% reductions in color, aromatics content, COD and TPC, respectively. However no toxicity reduction was observed. The combination with a biological treatment increased the reduction of COD and TPC as well as a reduction in toxicity. The treatment with P. chrysosporium promoted the highest reduction in toxicity, but P. sajor caju was responsible for the best reduction in COD and TPC. However, the biological treatment was more effective when no hydrogen peroxide was used in the pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nogueira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - I Lopes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Freitas
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ISEIT/Viseu, Instituto Piaget, Estrada do Alto do Gaio, Galifonge, Lordosa, 3515-776 Viseu, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - T A P Rocha-Santos
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A C Duarte
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Pereira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P-4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Yazdanbakhsh A, Mehdipour F, Eslami A, Maleksari HS, Ghanbari F. The combination of coagulation, acid cracking and Fenton-like processes for olive oil mill wastewater treatment: phytotoxicity reduction and biodegradability augmentation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:1097-105. [PMID: 25860714 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) is one of the most important industrial wastewaters in the world due to high organic load and phenolic compounds. In this study, an integration of three processes including coagulation, acid cracking and Fenton-like was evaluated to treat OOMW. The performance of alum, ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride was studied as coagulants. Among coagulants, ferric chloride showed the best results in comparison with the others. Coagulation process with FeCl3 removed 91.2% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 91.3% phenol, 98.9% total suspended solids and 99.2% turbidity at condition of pH = 6 and 3,000 mg/L coagulant dosage. Acid cracking process following the coagulation process with ferric chloride could slightly degrade organic compounds and provided suitable condition for the next process. Fenton-like process with zero valent iron (ZVI) was applied after coagulation and acid cracking. The optimal removal efficiency was achieved by Fenton-like process which was accomplished in condition of 7 g/L ZVI, 1,000 mg/L H2O2 and 180 min reaction time. The biodegradability of final effluent of this integration was improved significantly and biochemical oxygen demand5/COD value increased from 0.14 to 0.83. The results of germination tests revealed that phytotoxicity of the final effluent decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fayyaz Mehdipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Eslami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Sharifi Maleksari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran E-mail:
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