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Lalas K, Arvaniti OS, Zkeri E, Nika MC, Thomaidis NS, Mantzavinos D, Stasinakis AS, Frontistis Z. Thermally activated persulfate oxidation of ampicillin: Kinetics, transformation products and ecotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157378. [PMID: 35843320 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The heat-activated persulfate system showed encouraging results for the destruction of the widely used antibiotic Ampicillin (AMP). AMP removal follows exponential decay, and the observed kinetic constant was enhanced with persulfate (PS) dosage at the range 50-500 mg L-1 and temperature (40-60 °C), while AMP thermolysis at 60 °C was almost negligible. The apparent activation energy was estimated to 124.7 kJ mol-1. Alkaline conditions, water matrix constituents like bicarbonates, humic acid, and real water matrices retarded AMP oxidation. Experiments performed with tert-butanol and methanol as scavengers demonstrated the contribution of sulfate radicals as the dominant reactive species. Seven transformation products (TPs) of AMP have been identified from AMP destruction. An EC50 value equal to 187 mg L-1 was calculated for 72 h of exposure of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana to AMP. According to the ecotoxicity experiments that conducted after treatment of AMP with PS for different reaction times, no important inhibition of microalgae was noticed for contact time of 72 h and 10 d. These results indicate the formation of no toxic AMP by-products for the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Lalas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR 50132 Kozani, Greece
| | - Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna 34400, Greece
| | - Eirini Zkeri
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, GR 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR 50132 Kozani, Greece.
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2
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Aviezer Y, Lahav O. Removal of contaminants of emerging concern from secondary-effluent reverse osmosis retentates by continuous supercritical water oxidation- parametric study and conceptual design. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129379. [PMID: 35752047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous removal of TOC and the degradation efficiency of carbamazepine and 17β-estradiol were investigated using actual secondary municipal-effluent RO-retentate solutions. A specific set of operating parameters were applied within the supercritical water oxidizing conditions: temperature range 420-480 °C, 25.1 MPa, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1-2 min, excess oxidant molar-ratio of 3-10 and presence of a homogenous catalyst (IPA) at 50-100 mg/L. > 99% organic carbon mineralization, along with complete degradation of model pollutants, was observed at 450 °C/1 min/OC= 5-10 and 100 mgIPA/L. The outlet estrone concentration, 1.03 ± 1.14 ng/L, representing estrogenic pollutants, dropped to the "no effect" range. A model for a SCWO plant treating secondary-municipal-effluent-RO-retentate for a city of 100,000 capita-equivalent was developed, based on a shell & tube SCWO flow reactor, showing > 75% energy-efficiency. The model yielded that for the extreme case of a zero caloric-value feed-solution, the total OPEX and CAPEX would be < $6.0 ± 2.5 per m3 of secondary effluents, i.e., two orders of magnitude lower than the reported environmental shadow-price associated with CECs (contaminants of emerging concern). Further work is required on the continuous and efficient separation of the salt-matrix, which can lead to higher overall heat transfer coefficients and enable further reduction in capital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Aviezer
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Ori Lahav
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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3
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Xu H, Wang L, Li X, Chen Z, Zhang T. Thiourea Dioxide Coupled with Trace Cu(II): An Effective Process for the Reductive Degradation of Diatrizoate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12009-12018. [PMID: 34431661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diatrizoate, a refractory ionic iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) compound, cannot be efficiently degraded in a complex wastewater matrix even by advanced oxidation processes. We report in this research that a homogeneous process, thiourea dioxide (TDO) coupled with trace Cu(II) (several micromoles, ubiquitous in some wastewater), is effective for reductive deiodination and degradation of diatrizoate at neutral pH values. Specifically, the molar ratio of iodide released to TDO consumed reached 2 under ideal experimental conditions. TDO eventually decomposed into urea and sulfite/sulfate. Based on the results of diatrizoate degradation, TDO decomposition, and Cu(I) generation and consumption during the TDO-Cu(II) reaction, we confirmed that Cu(I) is responsible for diatrizoate degradation. However, free Cu(I) alone did not work. It was proposed that Cu(I) complexes are actual reactive species toward diatrizoate. Inorganic anions and effluent organic matter negatively influence diatrizoate degradation, but by increasing the TDO dosage, as well as extending the reaction time, its degradation efficiency can still be guaranteed for real hospital wastewater. This reduction reaction could be potentially useful for in situ deiodination and degradation of diatrizoate in hospital wastewater before discharge into municipal sewage networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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4
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Catalytic ozonation with silicate-based microfiltration membrane for the removal of iopamidol in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Fernandes E, Martins RC, Gomes J. Photocatalytic ozonation of parabens mixture using 10% N-TiO 2 and the effect of water matrix. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137321. [PMID: 32088485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped TiO2 was applied in photocatalytic ozonation reactions for the degradation of a mixture of five parabens under UVA radiation, being evaluated the influence of the reaction medium. The initial mixture parabens concentration considered in these experiments was 50 mg L-1. The parabens degradation rate was considerably enhanced under neutral pH, specially using a buffered solution, leading to a complete removal under 60 min and with transferred ozone dose (TOD) 36% lower compared to reaction under natural conditions. Isopropanol, known radical scavenger, impeded the complete contaminants removal, affecting the reaction route and by-products formation, but when KI was jointly added, total removal was achieved under 30 min and with a TOD of 25.9 mg L-1. Parabens depletion was also improved in the presence of Cl-, SO42- and HCO3-, commonly present in wastewaters. The use of river water (RW) and a secondary wastewater (SWW) as water matrices maintained the process efficiency with lower TOD required, and treated solutions presented lower phytotoxicity towards Lepidium sativum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryk Fernandes
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Gomes
- CIEPQPF - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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Chen Y, Li S, Hu J. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of organics and formation of disinfection byproducts in reverse osmosis concentrate. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115105. [PMID: 31614236 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The high content of organics in municipal reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) requires proper treatment. Here, this study applied the photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) to reduce the concentration of organics in ROC. Meanwhile, the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) was investigated. Participation of primary oxidants in organics removal and DBPs formation was revealed at different anodic potentials and pHs. The results showed that PEC process effectively oxidized the organics in ROC, achieving the highest mineralization rate of 63%. Increasing anodic potential from 0 to 1.0 V enhanced the oxidations of bulk organics (i.e., dissolved organic carbons (DOC), UV254, fluorescence, large molecular weight compounds) and trace-level pharmaceuticals. Raising anodic potential to higher than 1.0 V slightly benefited the oxidations of bulk organics, owing to the relatively stable formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and radical reactive chlorine species (r-RCS). The continuously rising concentration of free chlorine (FC) accelerated the decompositions of pharmaceuticals at ≥ 1.0 V. However, the generated FC raised the concentration of DBPs up to 10.36 μmol/L at 3.0 V. Lowering initial pH from 7-9 to 4-6 improved the mineralization rates by around 20% due to the higher formation of OH• at pH 4-6. Further decreasing initial pH from 6 to 4 enhanced the breakdown of large molecular weight compounds as well as the decomposition of pharmaceuticals. This came from the strengthened formation of FC and r-RCS at lower pHs. The intense participation of FC and r-RCS resulted in a higher total DBP concentration at pH 4-6 than that at pH 7-9. However, the individual species of DBPs changed differently toward the pH shift. The results of this study show that PEC could be an alternative for organics oxidation in ROC with proper control of DBPs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Si Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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7
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Immobilized Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for micro-pollutants removal in a continuous flow annular photoreactor. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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8
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Arslan-Alaton I, Olmez-Hanci T, Ozturk T. Effect of inorganic and organic solutes on zero-valent aluminum-activated hydrogen peroxide and persulfate oxidation of bisphenol A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34938-34949. [PMID: 29322392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of varying inorganic (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) and organic (represented by humic acid) solutes on the removal of aqueous micropollutant bisphenol A (BPA; 8.8 μM; 2 mg/L) with the oxidizing agents hydrogen peroxide (HP; 0.25 mM) and persulfate (PS; 0.25 mM) activated using zero-valent aluminum (ZVA) nanoparticles (1 g/L) was investigated at a pH of 3. In the absence of the solutes, the PS/ZVA treatment system was superior to the HP/ZVA system in terms of BPA removal rates and kinetics. Further, the HP/ZVA process was not affected by nitrate (50 mg/L) addition, whereas chloride (250 mg/L) exhibited no effect on the PS/ZVA process. The negative effect of inorganic anions on BPA removal generally speaking increased with increasing charge in the following order: NO3- (no inhibition) < Cl- (250 mg/L) = SO42- < PO43- for HP/ZVA and Cl- (250 mg/L; no inhibition) < NO3- < SO42- < PO43- for PS/ZVA. Upon addition of 20 mg/L humic acid representing natural organic matter, BPA removals decreased from 72 and 100% in the absence of solutes to 24 and 57% for HP/ZVA and PS/ZVA treatments, respectively. The solute mixture containing all inorganic and organic solutes together partly suppressed the inhibitory effects of phosphate and humic acid on BPA removals decreasing to 46 and 43% after HP/ZVA and PS/ZVA treatments, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon removals were obtained in the range of 30 and 47% (the HP/ZVA process), as well as 47 and 57% (the PS/ZVA process) for the experiments in the presence of 20 mg/L humic acid and solute mixture, respectively. The relative Vibrio fischeri photoluminescence inhibition decreased particularly for the PS/ZVA treatment system, which exhibited a higher treatment performance than the HP/ZVA treatment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Arslan-Alaton
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Olmez-Hanci
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Ozturk
- School of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Toral-Sánchez E, Rangel-Mendez JR, Hurt RH, Ascacio Valdés JA, Aguilar CN, Cervantes FJ. Novel application of magnetic nano-carbon composite as redox mediator in the reductive biodegradation of iopromide in anaerobic continuous systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8951-8961. [PMID: 30058007 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The redox-mediating capacity of magnetic reduced graphene oxide nanosacks (MNS) to promote the reductive biodegradation of the halogenated pollutant, iopromide (IOP), was tested. Experiments were performed using glucose as electron donor in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor under methanogenic conditions. Higher removal efficiency of IOP in the UASB reactor supplied with MNS as redox mediator was observed as compared with the control reactor lacking MNS. Results showed 82% of IOP removal efficiency under steady state conditions in the UASB reactor enriched with MNS, while the reactor control showed IOP removal efficiency of 51%. The precise microbial transformation pathway of IOP was elucidated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) analysis. Biotransformation by-products with lower molecular weight than IOP molecule were identified in the reactor supplied with MNS, which were not detected in the reactor control, indicating the contribution of these magnetic nano-carbon composites in the redox conversion of this halogenated pollutant. Reductive reactions of IOP favored by MNS led to complete dehalogenation of the benzene ring and partial rupture of side chains of this pollutant, which is the first step towards its complete biodegradation. Possible reductive mechanisms that took place in the biodegradation of IOP were stated. Finally, the novel and successful application of magnetic graphene composites in a continuous bioreactor to enhance the microbial transformation of IOP was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Toral-Sánchez
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - J R Rangel-Mendez
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering/Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation (IMNI), Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Juan A Ascacio Valdés
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry (DIA-UAdeC), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cristóbal N Aguilar
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry (DIA-UAdeC), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - F J Cervantes
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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10
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Wu D, Lu G, Zhang R, Lin Q, Yao J, Shen X, Wang W. Effective degradation of diatrizoate by electro-peroxone process using ferrite/carbon nanotubes based gas diffusion cathode. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A over Rh/TiO 2 suspensions in different water matrices. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Taheri ME, Petala A, Frontistis Z, Mantzavinos D, Kondarides DI. Fast photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A by Ag 3 PO 4 /TiO 2 composites under solar radiation. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Azerrad SP, Lütke Eversloh C, Gilboa M, Schulz M, Ternes T, Dosoretz CG. Identification of transformation products during advanced oxidation of diatrizoate: Effect of water matrix and oxidation process. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 103:424-434. [PMID: 27494698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Removal of micropollutants from reverse osmosis (RO) brines of wastewater desalination by oxidation processes is influenced by the scavenging capacity of brines components, resulting in the accumulation of transformation products (TPs) rather than complete mineralization. In this work the iodinated contrast media diatrizoate (DTZ) was used as model compound due to its relative resistance to oxidation. Identification of TPs was performed in ultrapure water (UPW) and RO brines applying nonthermal plasma (NTP) and UVA-TiO2 as oxidation techniques. The influence of main RO brines components in the formation and accumulation of TPs, such as chloride, bicarbonate alkalinity and humic acid, was also studied during UVA-TiO2. DTZ oxidation pattern in UPW resulted similar in both UVA-TiO2 and NTP achieving 66 and 61% transformation, respectively. However, DTZ transformation in RO brines was markedly lower in UVA-TiO2 (9%) than in NTP (27%). These differences can be attributed to the synergic effect of RO brines components during NTP. Moreover, reactive species other than hydroxyl radical contributed to DTZ transformation, i.e., direct photolysis in UVA-TiO2 and direct photolysis + O3 in NTP accounted for 16 and 23%, respectively. DTZ transformation led to iodide formation in both oxidation techniques but it further oxidized to iodate by ozone in NTP. In total 14 transformation products were identified in UPW of which 3 were present only in UVA-TiO2 and 2 were present exclusively in NTP; 5 of the 14 TPs were absent in RO brines. Five of them were new and were denoted as TP-474A/B, TP-522, TP-586, TP-602, TP-628. TP-522 (mono-chlorinated) was elucidated only in presence of high chloride titer-synthetic water matrix in NTP, most probably formed by active chlorine species generated in situ. TPs accumulation in RO brines was markedly different in comparison to UPW. This denotes the influence of RO brines components in the formation of reactive species that could further attack DTZ/TPs and/or scavenging performed by these brine components that could limit further TPs degradation. Five plausible degradation pathways are proposed for DTZ transformation in UPW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Azerrad
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Maayan Gilboa
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Manoj Schulz
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Thomas Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Carlos G Dosoretz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Karaman R, Khamis M, Abbadi J, Amro A, Qurie M, Ayyad I, Ayyash F, Hamarsheh O, Yaqmour R, Nir S, Bufo SA, Scrano L, Lerman S, Gur-Reznik S, Dosoretz CG. Paracetamol biodegradation by activated sludge and photocatalysis and its removal by a micelle-clay complex, activated charcoal, and reverse osmosis membranes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2414-2427. [PMID: 26852629 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1150355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic studies on the stability of the pain killer paracetamol in Al-Quds activated sludge demonstrated that paracetamol underwent biodegradation within less than one month to furnish p-aminophenol in high yields. Characterizations of bacteria contained in Al-Quds sludge were accomplished. It was found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the bacterium most responsible for the biodegradation of paracetamol to p-aminophenol and hydroquinone. Batch adsorptions of paracetamol and its biodegradation product (p-aminophenol) by activated charcoal and a composite micelle (octadecyltrimethylammonium)-clay (montmorillonite) were determined at 25°C. Adsorption was adequately described by a Langmuir isotherm, and indicated better efficiency of removal by the micelle-clay complex. The ability of bench top reverse osmosis (RO) plant as well as advanced membrane pilot plant to remove paracetamol was also studied at different water matrixes to test the effect of organic matter composition. The results showed that at least 90% rejection was obtained by both plants. In addition, removal of paracetamol from RO brine was investigated by using photocatalytic processes; optimal conditions were found to be acidic or basic pH, in which paracetamol degraded in less than 5 min. Toxicity studies indicated that the effluent and brine were not toxic except for using extra low energy membrane which displayed a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) value of 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Karaman
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Mustafa Khamis
- b Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology , College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
- c Department of Biology , Chemistry and Environmental science, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah , Sharjah , UAE
| | - Jehad Abbadi
- d Department of Biology , College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Ahmad Amro
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Mohannad Qurie
- e Centre for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Ibrahim Ayyad
- e Centre for Chemical and Biological Analysis, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Fatima Ayyash
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Omar Hamarsheh
- d Department of Biology , College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Reem Yaqmour
- d Department of Biology , College of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University , Jerusalem , Palestine
| | - Shlomo Nir
- f Department of Soil and Water Sciences , The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Sabino A Bufo
- g Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences , University of Basilicata , Potenza , Italy
| | - Laura Scrano
- g Crop Systems, Forestry and Environmental Sciences , University of Basilicata , Potenza , Italy
| | - Sofia Lerman
- h Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Shirra Gur-Reznik
- h Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Carlos G Dosoretz
- h Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
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15
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Radjenovic J, Petrovic M. Sulfate-mediated electrooxidation of X-ray contrast media on boron-doped diamond anode. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 94:128-135. [PMID: 26938498 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, electrochemical activation of sulfate ions to sulfate radical species and nonradically activated persulfate has been demonstrated at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, which enhanced the electrooxidation kinetics of several persistent contaminants. In this study, we investigated the transformation pathways of two X-ray contrast media (ICM), diatrizoate and iopromide, in electrooxidation at BDD anode using sulfate and inert nitrate anolyte. Sulfate anolyte yielded a seven-fold increase in apparent rate constants for ICM oxidation compared to inert nitrate anolyte, and a two-fold increase for the removal of organic carbon. Higher iodine release was observed in electrooxidation of diatrizoate compared to iopromide. In the case of diatrizoate, around 80% of deiodination efficiency was achieved in both anolytes. Deiodination efficiency of iopromide was somewhat lower in nitrate anolyte (≤75%) and significantly reduced in sulfate anolyte (≤46%) due to a larger steric hindrance of alkyl side chains. Moreover, a considerable lag phase of iopromide deiodination was observed in sulfate anolyte, indicating that initial oxidation reactions took place almost exclusively at the alkyl side chains. Several transformation products (TPs) of ICM were identified in electrooxidation in sulfate anolyte, and only three TPs in the case of nitrate anolyte. The main mechanistic steps in the oxidation of iopromide were H-abstraction and bond cleavage in the alkyl side chains. Diatrizoate was mainly transformed through oxidative cleavage of iodine substituent and inter-molecular cyclization. Two hydroxylamine derivatives of iopromide and a nitro-derivative of diatrizoate were observed in sulfate anolyte. These products have not been reported previously for hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation of ICM. Given that electron-transfer mechanism is more typical for sulfate than for hydroxyl radicals, formation of hydroxylamine and nitro-derivatives of ICM was assigned to one-electron charge transfer to sulfate radical species and formation of N-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Radjenovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Immobilization of biogenic Pd(0) in anaerobic granular sludge for the biotransformation of recalcitrant halogenated pollutants in UASB reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1427-1436. [PMID: 26481621 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of anaerobic granular sludge to reduce Pd(II), using ethanol as electron donor, in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was demonstrated. Results confirmed complete reduction of Pd(II) and immobilization as Pd(0) in the granular sludge. The Pd-enriched sludge was further evaluated regarding biotransformation of two recalcitrant halogenated pollutants: 3-chloro-nitrobenzene (3-CNB) and iopromide (IOP) in batch and continuous operation in UASB reactors. The superior removal capacity of the Pd-enriched biomass when compared with the control (not exposed to Pd) was demonstrated in both cases. Results revealed 80 % of IOP removal efficiency after 100 h of incubation in batch experiments performed with Pd-enriched biomass whereas only 28 % of removal efficiency was achieved in incubations with biomass lacking Pd. The UASB reactor operated with the Pd-enriched biomass achieved 81 ± 9.5 % removal efficiency of IOP and only 61 ± 8.3 % occurred in the control reactor lacking Pd. Regarding 3-CNB, it was demonstrated that biogenic Pd(0) promoted both nitro-reduction and dehalogenation resulting in the complete conversion of 3-CNB to aniline while in the control experiment only nitro-reduction was documented. The complete biotransformation pathway of both contaminants was proposed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis evidencing a higher degree of nitro-reduction and dehalogenation of both contaminants in the experiments with Pd-enriched anaerobic sludge as compared with the control. A biotechnological process is proposed to recover Pd(II) from industrial streams and to immobilize it in anaerobic granular sludge. The Pd-enriched biomass is also proposed as a biocatalyst to achieve the biotransformation of recalcitrant compounds in UASB reactors.
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Petala A, Frontistis Z, Antonopoulou M, Konstantinou I, Kondarides DI, Mantzavinos D. Kinetics of ethyl paraben degradation by simulated solar radiation in the presence of N-doped TiO2 catalysts. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 81:157-66. [PMID: 26057263 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl paraben (EP), an emerging micro-pollutant representative of the parabens family, has been subject to photocatalytic degradation under simulated solar radiation at a photon flux of 1.3·10(-4) E/(m(2) s). Six nitrogen-doped titania catalysts synthesized by annealing a sol-gel derived TiO2 powder under ammonia flow and their un-doped counterparts, calcined in air at different temperatures in the range 450-800 °C, were compared under solar and visible light and the most active one (N-doped TiO2 calcined at 600 °C) was used for further tests. Experiments were performed at EP concentrations between 150 and 900 μg/L, catalyst loadings between 100 and 1000 mg/L, pH between 3 and 9, different matrices (ultrapure water, water spiked with humic acids or bicarbonates, drinking water and secondary treated wastewater) and hydrogen peroxide between 10 and 100 mg/L. For EP concentrations up to 300 μg/L, the degradation rate can be approached by first order kinetics but then shifts to lower order as the concentration increases. The rate increases linearly with catalyst loading up to 750 mg/L and hydrogen peroxide up to 100 mg/L. Near-neutral (pH = 6.5-7.5) and alkaline conditions (pH = 9) do not affect degradation, which is reduced at acidic pH. The presence of humic acids at 10-20 mg/L impedes degradation due to the competition with EP for the oxidizing species and this is more pronounced in actual wastewater matrices. UPLC-ESI-HRMS and HPLC-DAD were employed to follow EP concentration changes, as well as identify and quantify transformation by-products during the early stages of the reaction. Five such products were successfully detected and, based on their concentration-time profiles, a reaction network for the degradation of EP is proposed. Hydroxyl radical reactions appear to prevail during the initial steps as evidenced by the rapid formation of hydroxylated and dealkylated intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Petala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Environmental & Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Dimitris I Kondarides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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