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Liu Y, Yuan G, Xie F, An Y, Sun J, Zhao N, Deng Y, Li L, Singh SC, Ngo CV, Li W, Guo C. Fecalphobic oil-coated femtosecond-laser-processed PTFE surface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jia Y, Zheng F, Maier HR, Ostfeld A, Creaco E, Savic D, Langeveld J, Kapelan Z. Water quality modeling in sewer networks: Review and future research directions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117419. [PMID: 34274902 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban sewer networks (SNs) are increasingly facing water quality issues as a result of many challenges, such as population growth, urbanization and climate change. A promising way to addressing these issues is by developing and using water quality models. Many of these models have been developed in recent years to facilitate the management of SNs. Given the proliferation of different water quality models and the promise they have shown, it is timely to assess the state-of-the-art in this field, to identify potential challenges and suggest future research directions. In this review, model types, modeled quality parameters, modeling purpose, data availability, type of case studies and model performance evaluation are critically analyzed and discussed based on a review of 110 papers published between 2010 and 2019. The review identified that applications of empirical and kinetic models dominate those of data-driven models for addressing water quality issues. The majority of models are developed for prediction and process understanding using experimental or field sampled data. While many models have been applied to real problems, the corresponding prediction accuracies are overall moderate or, in some cases, low, especially when dealing with larger SNs. The review also identified the most common issues associated with water quality modeling of SNs and based on these proposed several future research directions. These include the identification of appropriate data resolutions for the development of different SN models, the need and opportunity to develop hybrid SN models and the improvement of SN model transferability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Jia
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Feifei Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anzhong Building, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, A501, , 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Holger R Maier
- School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Avi Ostfeld
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Enrico Creaco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Architettura, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3 Pavia 27100, Italy; School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Dragan Savic
- KWR Water Research Institute, the Netherlands; Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Jeroen Langeveld
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.
| | - Zoran Kapelan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands; Centre for Water Systems, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom.
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Murali MK, Hipsey MR, Ghadouani A, Yuan Z. An investigation into the impacts of water demand management and decentralized water recycling on excess sewer sediment deposition. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111788. [PMID: 33310241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewers are a critical part of the urban water system and represent a considerable investment due to the presence of extensive networks in many cities. Consequently, excess sewer sediment deposition, from changed inflow conditions or lack of appropriate sewer infrastructure, can lead to significantly increased maintenance and operational costs. The main aim of this manuscript is to quantify the potential impacts of reduced inflow and increased sediment concentrations from the implementation of sustainable water practices, such as Decentralized Water Recycling and Water Demand Management, on excess sediment deposition in gravity sewers. Experiments in a sewer pilot plant, with municipal wastewater, and modelling using a comprehensive local-scale sewer sediment model were used in conjunction to address this aim. Results from both these methods indicated that a reduction in inflows from the moderate implementation of sustainable water practices had a large impact on the quantity of sediment deposited in gravity sewers. However, further modelling showed that the reduction in bed erosion during peak flows for the same implementations of sustainable water practices occurred more gradually. Overall, our findings showed that in existing gravity sewer mains with reasonable slope and flow velocities, a moderate decrease in peak flow velocity of around 15% due to the implementation of Decentralized Water Recycling and Water Demand Management was unlikely to result in a net increase of sediment deposition. Future work in this area could focus on confirming these findings through case studies in the field or on long-term pilot studies with detailed bed height and density measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu K Murali
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, M051, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Level 1, 8 Scenic Boulevard (Building 74), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Matthew R Hipsey
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Level 1, 8 Scenic Boulevard (Building 74), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, M004, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Anas Ghadouani
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, M051, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Level 1, 8 Scenic Boulevard (Building 74), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities, Level 1, 8 Scenic Boulevard (Building 74), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; Advanced Water Management Centre, Level 4, Gehrmann Laboratories Building (60), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Li W, Zheng T, Ma Y, Liu J. Influences of flow conditions on bacterial communities in sewage and greywater small diameter gravity sewer biofilms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109289. [PMID: 32113173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small diameter gravity sewers (SDGS) have been applied in rural areas to collect sewage or greywater. Flow conditions in rural SDGS are variable and their influences on bacteria in sewer biofilms are still not clear. To investigate the effect of flow conditions on sewage and greywater SDGS biofilms, six sewage SDGS and six greywater SDGS were operated and Illumina HiSeq sequencing was subsequently performed on sewer biofilms. The results indicate that the predominant bacterial phyla in both sewage and greywater SDGS biofilms were Proteobacteria (63.0% ± 9.3%) and Actinobacteria (26.5% ± 8.8%) and co-presence relationship was the main interaction in SDGS biofilm bacterial communities. Compared with stable flow conditions, variable flow conditions altered the bacterial community of SDGS biofilms from the aspect of bacteria compositions and community interactions and the relative abundance of many bacteria showed significant distinctions between stable and variable flow conditions. In sewage SDGS biofilm, the relative abundance of denitrifying, nitrite-oxidizing, and sulfate-reducing bacteria decreased significantly in variable flow conditions while in greywater SDGS biofilms, nitrite-oxidizing and water-related pathogenic bacteria decreased significantly in variable flow conditions. Influences of flow conditions on predicted bacterial functions were also significant in sewage and greywater SDGS biofilms. Variable flow conditions might be conducive to the reduction of H2S generation and water-related pathogenic bacteria in rural SDGS biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yingqun Ma
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Durukan S, Karadagli F. Physical characteristics, fiber compositions, and tensile properties of nonwoven wipes and toilet papers in relevance to what is flushable. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134135. [PMID: 31476492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous products, such as moist wipes, are marketed worldwide as "flushable." Recent studies indicate that wipes cause operational problems (e.g., pipe blockages) in sewer systems. This study investigates potential reasons for why wipes are problematic in sewer operations. Physical characteristics, fiber compositions, and tensile properties of non-flushable wipes, flushable wipes, and toilet papers (TPs) were assessed. Flushables, non-flushables, and TPs, respectively, had sheet masses of 1.5, 1.5, 0.5 g; surface areas of 250, 300, and 120 cm2 per sheet; thicknesses of 360, 370, and 160 μm; and volumes of 9.2, 11, 1.9 cm3 per sheet. While TPs were made of only plant-based fibers, wipes contained plant-based, and regenerated-cellulose (RC) fibers at various ratios, including up to 100% RC fibers. For tensile strength, the maximum force to break a specimen (Fmax) averaged 3 N for dry TPs, and 0.26 N for wet TPs. In contrast, the average Fmax values were 7 N for dry flushables and 5.9 N for their wet sheets. In wet states, TPs lost their strength by an average of 91%, but flushable wipes had variable changes: some wipes gained wet strength by 25%, some lost as much as 90%, and the average effect was a reduction by 29%. Thus, nonwoven wipes retain their strength and structure when wet, presumably because they contain RC fibers, which are known for their high wet strength. Accordingly, using synthetic fibers in flushable wipes seems to be the key reason for why the wipes cause operational problems in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Durukan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karadagli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
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