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Tsai HP, Lin CJ, Wu CH, Chen YT, Lu YY, Kwan AL, Lieu AS. Prognostic Impact of Low-Level p53 Expression on Brain Astrocytomas Immunopositive for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4142-4151. [PMID: 36135196 PMCID: PMC9497491 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the expression of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with therapeutic resistance and patient outcomes in many malignancies, the relationship in astrocytomas is unclear. This study aims to correlate p53 and EGFR expression in brain astrocytomas with overall patient survival. Eighty-two patients with astrocytomas were enrolled in the study. Semi-quantitative p53 and EGFR immunohistochemical staining was measured in tumor specimens. The mean follow-up after astrocytoma surgery was 18.46 months. The overall survival rate was 83%. Survival was reduced in EGFR-positive patients compared with survival in EGFR-negative patients (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in survival were detected between patients with high and low p53 expression. In patients with low p53 expression, positive EGFR staining was associated with significantly worse survival compared with patients with negative EGFR staining (log-rank test: p < 0.001). Survival rates in positive and negative EGFR groups with high p53 protein expression were similar (log-rank test: p = 0.919). The IC50 of an EGFR inhibitor was higher in GBM cells with high p53 protein expression compared with the IC50 in cells with low p53 expression. Combined EGFR and p53 expression may have prognostic significance in astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Cosmetic Applications and Management Department, Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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Wright CH, Wright J, Onyewadume L, Raghavan A, Lapite I, Casco-Zuleta A, Lagman C, Sajatovic M, Hodges TR. Diagnosis, treatment, and survival in spinal dissemination of primary intracranial glioblastoma: systematic literature review. J Neurosurg Spine 2019; 31:723-732. [PMID: 31374545 DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.spine19164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal metastases from primary intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) are infrequently reported, and the disease has yet to be well characterized. A more accurate description of its clinical presentation and patient survival may improve understanding of this pathology, guide patient care, and advocate for increased inclusion in GBM research. The authors sought to describe the clinical presentation, treatment patterns, and survival in patients with drop metastases secondary to primary intracranial GBM. METHODS A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were queried for abstracts that included patients with primary intracranial GBM and metastases to the spinal axis. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate characteristics of the primary brain lesion, timing of spinal metastases, clinical symptoms, anatomical location of the metastases, and survival and treatment parameters. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank analysis of the survival curves were performed for selected subgroups. RESULTS Of 1225 abstracts that resulted from the search, 51 articles were selected, yielding 86 subjects. The patients' mean age was 46.78 years and 59.74% were male. The most common symptom was lumbago or cervicalgia (90.24%), and this was followed by paraparesis (86.00%). The actuarial median survival after the detection of spinal metastases was 2.8 months and the mean survival was 2.72 months (95% CI 2.59-4.85), with a 1-year cumulative survival probability of 2.7% (95% CI 0.51%-8.33%). A diagnosis of leptomeningeal disease, present in 53.54% of the patients, was correlated, and significantly worse survival was on log-rank analysis in patients with leptomeningeal disease (p = 0.0046; median survival 2.5 months [95% CI 2-3] vs 4.0 months [95% CI 2-6]). CONCLUSIONS This study established baseline characteristics of GBMs metastatic to the spinal axis. The prognosis is poor, though these results will provide patients and clinicians with more accurate survival estimates. The quality of studies reporting on this disease pathology is still limited. There is significant need for improved reporting methods for spinal metastases, either through enrollment of these patients in clinical trials or through increased granularity of coding for metastatic central nervous system diseases in cancer databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Huang Wright
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; and
| | - James Wright
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; and
| | | | | | - Isaac Lapite
- 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; and
| | | | - Carlito Lagman
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; and
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- 3Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Research Center and
- 4Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tiffany R Hodges
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
- 2Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; and
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Yang K, Nath S, Koziarz A, Badhiwala JH, Ghayur H, Sourour M, Catana D, Nassiri F, Alotaibi MB, Kameda-Smith M, Manoranjan B, Aref MH, Mansouri A, Singh S, Almenawer SA. Biopsy Versus Subtotal Versus Gross Total Resection in Patients with Low-Grade Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:e762-e775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Di Carlo DT, Duffau H, Cagnazzo F, Benedetto N, Morganti R, Perrini P. IDH wild-type WHO grade II diffuse low-grade gliomas. A heterogeneous family with different outcomes. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 43:383-395. [PMID: 29943141 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-0996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
WHO grade II diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) were recently divided into sub-groups on the basis of their molecular profiles. IDH wild-type (IDH-wt) tumors seem to be associated with unfavorable prognoses due to biological similarities to glioblastomas. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature examining epidemiology, clinical characteristics, management, and the outcome of IDH-wt grade II DLGGs. According to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive review of studies published from January 2009 to October 2017 was carried out. The authors identified series that examined the prevalence rate, clinical and radiological characteristics, treatment, and outcome of IDH-wt DLGGs. Variables influencing outcomes were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Finally, a meta-regression analysis was performed to examine the impact of therapeutic strategies on the effect-size. Twenty-two studies were included in this systematic review. The IDH-wt prevalence rate was 22.9% (95% CI 18.4-27.4%). The hazard ratio for this molecular subgroup in the DLGGs population was 3.46 (95% CI 2.24-5.36; p < 0.001), and the heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 85%, τ2 = 0.88) (HR range 1.28-376). Nonetheless, publication bias did not affect the analysis (p = 0.176). The meta-regression revealed that the extent of resection and post-operative chemotherapy affected the outcome in the IDH-wt subgroup (p < 0.001 and 0.015, respectively), with no significant association of the HR with the rate of RT or RT + CHT. The prevalence of IDH-wt tumors is approximately 23% of DLGGs. The absence of IDH mutation is associated with a heterogeneous outcome, and its therapeutic relevance for postoperative management remains unclear. Maximal surgical resection improves the overall survival in the DLGGs population, beyond molecular status. Further molecular stratification is needed to better understand IDH-wt behavior and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tiziano Di Carlo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier University Medical Center, 80, Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France.,Institute for Neuroscience of Montpellier, INSERM U1051, Team "Plasticity of Central Nervous System, Human Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Cagnazzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Benedetto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Morganti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Statistics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Perrini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Via Paradisa 2, 56100, Pisa, Italy
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Mu L, Xu W, Li Q, Ge H, Bao H, Xia S, Ji J, Jiang J, Song Y, Gao Q. IDH1 R132H Mutation Is Accompanied with Malignant Progression of Paired Primary-Recurrent Astrocytic Tumours. J Cancer 2017; 8:2704-2712. [PMID: 28928859 PMCID: PMC5604202 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH1 R132H mutation is an important marker of survival in patients with gliomas. Although there are many changes of genes in tumour malignant progression, IDH1 R132H mutation status in glioma progression remained unclear. Here, an in-depth characterization of IDH1 R132H mutations were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 55 paired primary-recurrent astrocytomas tissues, including 5 paired primary pilocytic astrocytoma (pPA, WHO grade I), 35 paired primary low grade astrocytoma (pLGA, WHO grade II and III) and 15 paired primary high grade astrocytoma (pHGA/ Glioblastoma, WHO grade IV). Meanwhile, the DNA was isolated from paired samples, and PCR amplification was used for IDH1 exon4 sequencing. Nonparametric test, KM and Cox models were used to examine the statistical difference and survival function. We found that the percent of IDH1 R132H mutation was 68.6% (24/35) in pLGA group, but no IDH1 mutation was found in pPA and pHGA groups. Meanwhile, the results from immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing showed that, compared with primary astrocytoma, there was no change of IDH1 status in recurrent astrocytoma whatever tumour pathological grade raise or indolent. The pPA group has the longest recurrence-free period (RFP) and overall survival (OS) in three groups (p<0.01), while the pHGA group has the shortest ones (p<0.01). In pLGA group, the IDH1 R132H mutation subgroup has longer RFP than IDH1 wild type subgroup (p<0.01), but the OS has no statistical difference between two subgroups (p>0.6). Additionally, IDH1 R132H mutation independently predicted a long RFP in patients with pLGA (HR 1.073, 95% CI 0.151-0.775, p<0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanzhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingla Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Songsong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Preoperative Quantitative MR Tractography Compared with Visual Tract Evaluation in Patients with Neuropathologically Confirmed Gliomas Grades II and III: A Prospective Cohort Study. Radiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7671854. [PMID: 27190647 PMCID: PMC4852118 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7671854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Low-grade gliomas show infiltrative growth in white matter tracts. Diffusion tensor tractography can noninvasively assess white matter tracts. The aim was to preoperatively assess tumor growth in white matter tracts using quantitative MR tractography (3T). The hypothesis was that suspected infiltrated tracts would have altered diffusional properties in infiltrated tract segments compared to noninfiltrated tracts. Materials and Methods. Forty-eight patients with suspected low-grade glioma were included after written informed consent and underwent preoperative diffusion tensor imaging in this prospective review-board approved study. Major white matter tracts in both hemispheres were tracked, segmented, and visually assessed for tumor involvement in thirty-four patients with gliomas grade II or III (astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas) on postoperative neuropathological evaluation. Relative fractional anisotropy (rFA) and mean diffusivity (rMD) in tract segments were calculated and compared with visual evaluation and neuropathological diagnosis. Results. Tract segment infiltration on visual evaluation was associated with a lower rFA and high rMD in a majority of evaluated tract segments (89% and 78%, resp.). Grade II and grade III gliomas had similar infiltrating behavior. Conclusion. Quantitative MR tractography corresponds to visual evaluation of suspected tract infiltration. It may be useful for an objective preoperative evaluation of tract segment involvement.
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Anvari K, Seilanian Toussi M, Shahidsales S, Motlagh F, Reza Ehsaee M, Afshari F. Treatment Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Adult Astrocytoma: In North East of Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e4099. [PMID: 27822343 PMCID: PMC5098590 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Astrocytomas are the most common primary adult brain tumors. Objectives In this study, we investigated the impact of some potential prognostic factors on survival in patients with low and high grade astrocytomas. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with brain astrocytoma who were referred to oncology departments, Omid and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (2000 - 2011). Results 415 patients with a median age of 43 and a male to female ratio of 252:163 (1.54) were recorded. Grade I to IV astrocytoma were found in 40 (9.6%), 88 (21.2%), 71 (17.1%) and 216 (52%) patients. With a median follow up time of 37 months for low grade and 13 months for high grade astrocytoma, the 5-year survival in grades I to IV was 92.1%, 69.1%, 49.2% and 9.6% respectively. In low grade astrocytomas, patients with grade I tumors, being ambulatory (5-year survival: 88% vs. 60.3%, P < 0.001) and performing optimal surgery (5-year survival 86% vs. 59.3%, P < 0.001) were associated with more favorable survival. In high grade astrocytomas, patients with grade III tumors, age < 50 (5-year survival 29.6% vs. 14.6%, P < 0.001), being ambulatory (5-year survival 39.4% vs. 10.5, P < 0.001), performing optimal surgery (5-year survival 46.1% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.001) and receiving chemotherapy (5-year survival 23.7% vs. 18.7%, P = 0.02) were associated with significantly higher overall survival. Conclusions Performing optimal surgery and good performance status were associated with more favorable survival in both low and high grade astrocytomas. In high grade a strocytomas, patients younger than 43 and those who received chemotherapy had better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Anvari
- Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Seilanian Toussi
- Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Soodabeh Shahidsales
- Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Motlagh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aria & Farabi Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ehsaee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Kamiab Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Farzaneh Afshari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Omid Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
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Zhang F, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Wan Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li X, Xu Y, Fu X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Yan Q, Ye J, Wang Z, Chen CD, Lin W, Li Q. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine loss is associated with poor prognosis for patients with WHO grade II diffuse astrocytomas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20882. [PMID: 26864347 PMCID: PMC4749994 DOI: 10.1038/srep20882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the reliable prognostic biomarkers for WHO grade II diffuse astrocytomas (DA) are still limited. We investigated the relations between the level of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an oxidated production of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by the ten eleven translocated (TET) enzymes, and clinicopathological features of glioma patients. With an identified anti-5hmC antibody, we performed immunohistochemistry in 287 glioma cases. We detected that 5hmC variably reduced in most gliomas and 5hmC reduction was closely associated with higher pathological grades and shortened survival of glioma patients. In multivariate analysis, 5hmC had no independent prognostic value in the entire patient cohort. However, multivariate analysis within subtypes of gliomas revealed that 5hmC was still a prognostic marker confined to DA. In addition, we detected that IDH1 mutation by DNA sequencing was associated with favorable survival within DA. Lastly, we detected that the combination of 5hmC/KI67 was a useful prognostic marker for restratification of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yangmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Company 13, Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhekai Zhang
- Company 13, Student Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qingguo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Charlie Degui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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