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Blömeke L, Rehn F, Kraemer‐Schulien V, Kutzsche J, Pils M, Bujnicki T, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Freiesleben SD, Schneider L, Preis L, Priller J, Spruth EJ, Altenstein S, Lohse A, Schneider A, Fliessbach K, Wiltfang J, Hansen N, Rostamzadeh A, Düzel E, Glanz W, Incesoy EI, Butryn M, Buerger K, Janowitz D, Ewers M, Perneczky R, Rauchmann B, Teipel S, Kilimann I, Goerss D, Laske C, Munk MH, Sanzenbacher C, Spottke A, Roy‐Kluth N, Heneka MT, Brosseron F, Wagner M, Wolfsgruber S, Kleineidam L, Stark M, Schmid M, Jessen F, Bannach O, Willbold D, Peters O. Aβ oligomers peak in early stages of Alzheimer's disease preceding tau pathology. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12589. [PMID: 38666085 PMCID: PMC11044868 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers have been suggested as initiating Aβ related neuropathologic change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but their quantitative distribution and chronological sequence within the AD continuum remain unclear. METHODS A total of 526 participants in early clinical stages of AD and controls from a longitudinal cohort were neurobiologically classified for amyloid and tau pathology applying the AT(N) system. Aβ and tau oligomers in the quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology. RESULTS Across groups, highest Aβ oligomer levels were found in A+ with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. Aβ oligomers were significantly higher in A+T- compared to A-T- and A+T+. APOE ε4 allele carriers showed significantly higher Aβ oligomer levels. No differences in tau oligomers were detected. DISCUSSION The accumulation of Aβ oligomers in the CSF peaks early within the AD continuum, preceding tau pathology. Disease-modifying treatments targeting Aβ oligomers might have the highest therapeutic effect in these disease stages. Highlights Using surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) technology, we quantified Aβ oligomers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) cohortAβ oligomers were significantly elevated in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)Amyloid-positive subjects in the subjective cognitive decline (SCD) group increased compared to the amyloid-negative control groupInterestingly, levels of Aβ oligomers decrease at advanced stages of the disease (A+T+), which might be explained by altered clearing mechanisms.
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Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38378578 PMCID: PMC10877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of native peptides and proteins into amyloid aggregates is a hallmark of over 50 human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increasing evidence implicates misfolded protein oligomers produced during the amyloid formation process as the primary cytotoxic agents in many of these devastating conditions. In this review, we analyze the processes by which oligomers are formed, their structures, physicochemical properties, population dynamics, and the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. We then focus on drug discovery strategies that target the formation of oligomers and their ability to disrupt cell physiology and trigger degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
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Martins IM, Lima A, de Graaff W, Cristóvão JS, Brosens N, Aronica E, Kluskens LD, Gomes CM, Azeredo J, Kessels HW. M13 phage grafted with peptide motifs as a tool to detect amyloid-β oligomers in brain tissue. Commun Biol 2024; 7:134. [PMID: 38280942 PMCID: PMC10821927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric clusters of amyloid-β (Aβ) are one of the major biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, proficient methods to detect Aβ-oligomers in brain tissue are lacking. Here we show that synthetic M13 bacteriophages displaying Aβ-derived peptides on their surface preferentially interact with Aβ-oligomers. When exposed to brain tissue isolated from APP/PS1-transgenic mice, these bacteriophages detect small-sized Aβ-aggregates in hippocampus at an early age, prior to the occurrence of Aβ-plaques. Similarly, the bacteriophages reveal the presence of such small Aβ-aggregates in post-mortem hippocampus tissue of AD-patients. These results advocate bacteriophages displaying Aβ-peptides as a convenient and low-cost tool to identify Aβ-oligomers in post-mortem brain tissue of AD-model mice and AD-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone M Martins
- CEB- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexandre Lima
- CEB- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim de Graaff
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joana S Cristóvão
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Niek Brosens
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leon D Kluskens
- CEB- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cláudio M Gomes
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zhang T, Kim BM, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38195518 PMCID: PMC10775678 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly and represents a major clinical challenge in the ageing society. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD include neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, senile plaques derived from the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, brain atrophy induced by neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunctions. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system. Dysregulation of DAPK1 has been shown to contribute to various neurological diseases including AD, ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established an upstream effect of DAPK1 on Aβ and tau pathologies and neuronal apoptosis through kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation, supporting a causal role of DAPK1 in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about how DAPK1 is involved in various AD pathological changes including tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, neuronal cell death and synaptic degeneration. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DAPK1 dysregulation in AD are discussed. We also review the recent progress regarding the development of novel DAPK1 modulators and their potential applications in AD intervention. These findings substantiate DAPK1 as a novel therapeutic target for the development of multifunctional disease-modifying treatments for AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., 10F Ace Cheonggye Tower, 53, Seonggogae-Ro, Uiwang-Si, 16006, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Fernández Ramírez MDC, Afrin S, Saelices L. Conformational inhibitors of protein aggregation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 83:102700. [PMID: 37717490 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidoses are fatal conditions associated with the aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils that deposit systemically and/or locally. Possibly because the causal mechanism of protein aggregation and deposition is not fully understood, this group of diseases remains uncurable. Advances in structural biology, such as the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, have enabled the study of the structures and the conformational nature of the proteins whose aggregation is associated with the underlying pathogenesis of amyloidosis. As a result, the last years of research have translated into the development of directed therapeutic strategies that target the specific conformations of precursors, fibrils, and intermediary species. Current efforts include the use of small molecules, peptides, and antibodies. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing strategies that target specific protein conformations for the treatment of amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Fernández Ramírez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/FernandezR_MC
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/Shumyla44
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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Zhu WH, Yang XX, Gou XZ, Fu SM, Chen JH, Gao F, Shen Y, Bi DL, Tang AH. Nanoscale reorganisation of synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12924. [PMID: 37461203 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Synaptic strength depends strongly on the subsynaptic organisation of presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic receptor densities, and their alterations are expected to underlie pathologies. Although synaptic dysfunctions are common pathogenic traits of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unknown whether synaptic protein nano-organisation is altered in AD. Here, we systematically characterised the alterations in the subsynaptic organisation in cellular and mouse models of AD. METHODS We used immunostaining and super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging to quantitatively examine the synaptic protein nano-organisation in both Aβ1-42-treated neuronal cultures and cortical sections from a mouse model of AD, APP23 mice. RESULTS We found that Aβ1-42-treatment of cultured hippocampal neurons decreased the synaptic retention of postsynaptic scaffolds and receptors and disrupted their nanoscale alignment to presynaptic transmitter release sites. In cortical sections, we found that while GluA1 receptors in wild-type mice were organised in subsynaptic nanoclusters with high local densities, receptors in APP23 mice distributed more homogeneously within synapses. This reorganisation, together with the reduced overall receptor density, led to reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Meanwhile, the transsynaptic alignment between presynaptic release-guiding RIM1/2 and postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95 was reduced in APP23 mice. Importantly, these reorganisations were progressive with age and were more pronounced in synapses in close vicinity of Aβ plaques with dense cores. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a spatiotemporal-specific reorganisation of synaptic nanostructures in AD and identifies dense-core amyloid plaques as the major local inductor in APP23 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Hui Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xu-Zhuo Gou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shu-Mei Fu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Shen
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Dan-Lei Bi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Pils M, Dybala A, Rehn F, Blömeke L, Bujnicki T, Kraemer-Schulien V, Hoyer W, Riesner D, Willbold D, Bannach O. Development and Implementation of an Internal Quality Control Sample to Standardize Oligomer-Based Diagnostics of Alzheimer's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101702. [PMID: 37238187 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation are pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), soluble and toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are biomarker candidates for diagnostics and drug development. However, accurate quantification of Aβ oligomers in bodily fluids is challenging because extreme sensitivity and specificity are required. We previously introduced surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) with single-particle sensitivity. In this report, a preparation protocol for a synthetic Aβ oligomer sample was developed. This sample was used for internal quality control (IQC) to improve standardization, quality assurance, and routine application of oligomer-based diagnostic methods. We established an aggregation protocol for Aβ1-42, characterized the oligomers by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and assessed their application in sFIDA. Globular-shaped oligomers with a median size of 2.67 nm were detected by AFM, and sFIDA analysis of the Aβ1-42 oligomers yielded a femtomolar detection limit with high assay selectivity and dilution linearity over 5 log units. Lastly, we implemented a Shewhart chart for monitoring IQC performance over time, which is another important step toward quality assurance of oligomer-based diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Pils
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dybala
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Rehn
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lara Blömeke
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tuyen Bujnicki
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Victoria Kraemer-Schulien
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Detlev Riesner
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Bannach
- attyloid GmbH, Merowingerplatz 1a, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (Structural Biochemistry: IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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Novel Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties of a Thiosemicarbazone–Pyridylhydrazone Copper(II) Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810722. [PMID: 36142627 PMCID: PMC9505367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a major role in several brain disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet at present there are no effective anti-neuroinflammatory therapeutics available. Copper(II) complexes of bis(thiosemicarbazones) (CuII(gtsm) and CuII(atsm)) have broad therapeutic actions in preclinical models of neurodegeneration, with CuII(atsm) demonstrating beneficial outcomes on neuroinflammatory markers in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that copper(II) complexes could be harnessed as a new approach to modulate immune function in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the anti-neuroinflammatory action of several low-molecular-weight, charge-neutral and lipophilic copper(II) complexes. Our analysis revealed that one compound, a thiosemicarbazone–pyridylhydrazone copper(II) complex (CuL5), delivered copper into cells in vitro and increased the concentration of copper in the brain in vivo. In a primary murine microglia culture, CuL5 was shown to decrease secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf), increase expression of metallothionein (Mt1), and modulate expression of Alzheimer’s disease-associated risk genes, Trem2 and Cd33. CuL5 also improved the phagocytic function of microglia in vitro. In 5xFAD model AD mice, treatment with CuL5 led to an improved performance in a spatial working memory test, while, interestingly, increased accumulation of amyloid plaques in treated mice. These findings demonstrate that CuL5 can induce anti-neuroinflammatory effects in vitro and provide selective benefit in vivo. The outcomes provide further support for the development of copper-based compounds to modulate neuroinflammation in brain diseases.
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Forloni G, La Vitola P, Balducci C. Oligomeropathies, inflammation and prion protein binding. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:822420. [PMID: 36081661 PMCID: PMC9445368 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.822420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of oligomers, small soluble aggregates of misfolded proteins, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders is recognized in numerous experimental conditions and is compatible with clinical evidence. To underline this concept, some years ago we coined the term oligomeropathies to define the common mechanism of action of protein misfolding diseases like Alzheimer, Parkinson or prion diseases. Using simple experimental conditions, with direct application of synthetic β amyloid or α-synuclein oligomers intraventricularly at micromolar concentrations, we could detect differences and similarities in the biological consequences. The two oligomer species affected cognitive behavior, neuronal dysfunction and cerebral inflammatory reactions with distinct mechanisms. In these experimental conditions the proposed mediatory role of cellular prion protein in oligomer activities was not confirmed. Together with oligomers, inflammation at different levels can be important early in neurodegenerative disorders; both β amyloid and α-synuclein oligomers induce inflammation and its control strongly affects neuronal dysfunction. This review summarizes our studies with β-amyloid or α-synuclein oligomers, also considering the potential curative role of doxycycline, a well-known antibiotic with anti-amyloidogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. These actions are analyzed in terms of the therapeutic prospects.
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