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Chen G, Jin Z, Wang X, Yu QH, Hu GB. Danshen injection mitigated the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing neuroinflammation via the HIF-1α/CXCR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Neuroreport 2024; 35:601-611. [PMID: 38813902 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Danshen injection (DI) is effective in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS), including IS, but its mechanism is unclear. A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used to simulate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in SD rats. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was achieved by AAV-HIF-1α. Rats were treated with DI or saline. Neurological scores and infarction rates were assessed. I/R damage was examined by HE, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium and Nissl stainings. Expression levels of relative proteins [TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOD, MDA, ROS, HIF-1α, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and NF-κB] were measured. DI treatment improved neurological scores and reduced infarction rates, suggesting that it inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress. The expression levels of HIF-1α, CXCR4 and NF-κB were decreased. However, the effectiveness of DI on inflammation inhibition was lost after HIF-1α overexpression. DI may directly target HIF-1α to suppress neuroinflammation and reduce I/R injury by suppressing the HIF-1α/CXCR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Chen
- School of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology
| | - Zhan Jin
- School of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology
| | - Xi Wang
- Urology Department, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Hui Yu
- School of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology
| | - Gao-Bo Hu
- School of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology
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Perera B, Wu Y, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Advances in drug delivery to atherosclerosis: Investigating the efficiency of different nanomaterials employed for different type of drugs. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100767. [PMID: 37600355 PMCID: PMC10433009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries, which is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Current pharmaceutical treatment options are unable to effectively treat the plaque in the later stages of the disease. Instead, they are aimed at resolving the risk factors. Nanomaterials and nanoparticle-mediated therapies have become increasingly popular for the treatment of atherosclerosis due to their targeted and controlled release of therapeutics. In this review, we discuss different types of therapeutics used to treat this disease and focus on the different nanomaterial strategies employed for the delivery of these drugs, enabling the effective and efficient resolution of the atherosclerotic plaque. The ideal nanomaterial strategy for each drug type (e.g. statins, nucleic acids, small molecule drugs, peptides) will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binura Perera
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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Zhai L, Pei H, Shen H, Guan Q, Sheng J. Mechanism of neocryptotanshinone in protecting against cerebral ischemic injury: By suppressing M1 polarization of microglial cells and promoting cerebral angiogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109815. [PMID: 36773571 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study explored the protective function and mechanism of neocryptotanshinone (NEO) on cerebral ischemia. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide/γ-interferon(LPS/IFN-γ)was employed to mimic the polarization of mouse microglial cells BV2. After NEO treatment, the M1 polarization level of BV2 cells was identified using flow cytometry (FCM), fluorescent cell staining and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Moreover, the mouse endothelial cells bEnd.3 were applied to be the study objects, which were intervened with NEO under the hypoxic condition. Thereafter, based on in-vitro tubule formation assay and fluorescence staining, the in-vitro tubule formation ability of bEnd.3 cells was detected. By adopting middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) method, we constructed the mouse model of cerebral ischemia. After NEO intervention, the pathological changes of brain tissues were identified, while CD34 expression was measured by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, nerve injury was detected by Nissl staining, and the changes in neurological behaviors of mice were also detected. RESULTS Our results showed that NEO suppressed M1 polarization of BV2 cells, which exerted its effect through suppressing NF-κB and STAT3 signals, thereby decreasing the levels of iNOS, CD11b and inflammatory factors. NEO stimulated tubule formation in bEnd.3 cells based on the hypoxic situation, which exerted its effect through activating the Vascularendothelial growth factor-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2-Notch homolog 1(VFGF-VEGFR2-Notch1) signal. Furthermore, NEO suppressed cerebral ischemia in mice and lowered the ischemic penumbra. NEO also improved the neurological behaviors of mice, increased the CD34 levels and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION NEO has well protective effect against cerebral ischemia, and its mechanisms are related to suppressing M1 polarization of microglial cells and promoting cerebral angiogenesis, which are the mechanisms of NEO in treating ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China
| | - Hongyan Pei
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Heping Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
| | - Qiaobing Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
| | - Jian Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, China.
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Fu QT, Zhong XQ, Chen MY, Gu JY, Zhao J, Yu DH, Tan F. Luteolin-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2053-2068. [PMID: 37101838 PMCID: PMC10124627 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s400329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid found in various plants, has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects in melanoma. However, poor water solubility and low bioactivity have severely restricted the clinical application of LUT. Based on the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in melanoma cells, we developed nanoparticles encapsulating LUT with the ROS-responsive material poly(propylene sulfide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPS-PEG) to enhance the water solubility of LUT, accelerate the release of LUT in melanoma cells, and further enhance its anti-melanoma effect, providing a viable solution for the application of LUT nano-delivery systems in melanoma therapy. Methods In this study, LUT-loaded nanoparticles were prepared with PPS-PEG and named as LUT-PPS-NPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to determine the size and morphology of LUT-PPS-NPs. In vitro studies were carried out to determine the uptake and mechanism of LUT-PPS-NPs by SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. According to the CCK-8 assay, the cytotoxic effects of LUT-PPS-NPs on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and SK-MEL-28 cells were assessed. Apoptosis assays, cell migration and invasion assays, and proliferation inhibition assays with low and normal density plating were also applied to test the in vitro anti-melanoma effect. Additionally, melanoma models were established utilizing BALB/c nude mice and initially evaluated the growth inhibitory impact following intratumoral injection of LUT-PPS-NPs. Results The size of LUT-PPS-NPs was 169.77 ± 7.33 nm with high drug loading (15.05 ± 0.07%). In vitro, cellular assays confirmed that LUT-PPS-NPs were efficiently internalized by SK-MEL-28 cells and showed low cytotoxicity against HSF. Moreover, LUT released from LUT-PPS-NPs significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Animal experiments showed that LUT-PPS-NPs inhibited tumor growth more than 2-fold compared with the LUT group. Conclusion In conclusion, the LUT-PPS-NPs developed in our study enhanced the anti-melanoma effect of LUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ting Fu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhong
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Solna, Sweden
| | - De-Hong Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Tan
- Shanghai Skin Disease Clinical College, The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fei Tan; Dehong Yu, Email ;
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Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Promising Solubilizers to Enhance the Biological Activity of Rosmarinic Acid. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102098. [PMID: 36297533 PMCID: PMC9611598 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural antioxidant with neuroprotective properties; however, its preventive and therapeutic use is limited due to its slight solubility and poor permeability. This study aimed to improve RA physicochemical properties by systems formation with cyclodextrins (CDs): hydroxypropyl-α-CD (HP-α-CD), HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD, which were prepared by the solvent evaporation (s.e.) method. The interactions between components were determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sites of interaction between RA and CDs were suggested as a result of in silico studies focused on assessing the interaction between molecules. The impact of amorphous systems formation on water solubility, dissolution rate, gastrointestinal (GIT) permeability, and biological activity was studied. RA solubility was increased from 5.869 mg/mL to 113.027 mg/mL, 179.840 mg/mL, and 194.354 mg/mL by systems formation with HP-α-CD, HP-β-CD, and HP-γ-CD, respectively. During apparent solubility studies, the systems provided an acceleration of RA dissolution. Poor RA GIT permeability at pH 4.5 and 5.8, determined by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA system), was increased; RA–HP-γ-CD s.e. indicated the greatest improvement (at pH 4.5 from Papp 6.901 × 10−7 cm/s to 1.085 × 10−6 cm/s and at pH 5.8 from 5.019 × 10−7 cm/s to 9.680 × 10−7 cm/s). Antioxidant activity, which was determined by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP methods, was ameliorated by systems; the greatest results were obtained for RA–HP-γ-CD s.e. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was increased from 36.876% for AChE and 13.68% for BChE to a maximum inhibition of the enzyme (plateau), and enabled reaching IC50 values for both enzymes by all systems. CDs are efficient excipients for improving RA physicochemical and biological properties. HP-γ-CD was the greatest one with potential for future food or dietary supplement applications.
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