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Clements M, Simpson Ragdale H, Garcia-Diaz C, Parrinello S. Generation of immunocompetent somatic glioblastoma mouse models through in situ transformation of subventricular zone neural stem cells. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102928. [PMID: 38430519 PMCID: PMC10914519 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease-relevant in vivo tumor models are essential tools for both discovery and translational research. Here, we describe a highly genetically tractable technique for generating immunocompetent somatic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse models using piggyBac transposition and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing in wild-type mice. We describe steps to deliver plasmids into subventricular zone endogenous neural stem cells by injection and electroporation, leading to the development of adult tumors that closely recapitulate the histopathological, molecular, and cellular features of human GBM. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Garcia-Diaz et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Clements
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK.
| | | | - Claudia Garcia-Diaz
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK
| | - Simona Parrinello
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, WC1E 6DD London, UK.
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Stransky N, Ganser K, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Naumann U, Eckert F, Koch P, Huber SM, Ruth P. Efficacy of combined tumor irradiation and K Ca3.1-targeting with TRAM-34 in a syngeneic glioma mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20604. [PMID: 37996600 PMCID: PMC10667541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 has been proposed to be a new potential target for glioblastoma treatment. This study analyzed the effect of combined irradiation and KCa3.1-targeting with TRAM-34 in the syngeneic, immune-competent orthotopic SMA-560/VM/Dk glioma mouse model. Whereas neither irradiation nor TRAM-34 treatment alone meaningfully prolonged the survival of the animals, the combination significantly prolonged the survival of the mice. We found an irradiation-induced hyperinvasion of glioma cells into the brain, which was inhibited by concomitant TRAM-34 treatment. Interestingly, TRAM-34 did neither radiosensitize nor impair SMA-560's intrinsic migratory capacities in vitro. Exploratory findings hint at increased TGF-β1 signaling after irradiation. On top, we found a marginal upregulation of MMP9 mRNA, which was inhibited by TRAM-34. Last, infiltration of CD3+, CD8+ or FoxP3+ T cells was not impacted by either irradiation or KCa3.1 targeting and we found no evidence of adverse events of the combined treatment. We conclude that concomitant irradiation and TRAM-34 treatment is efficacious in this preclinical glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Stransky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ganser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University, Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, AKH, Wien, Austria
| | - Pierre Koch
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Yang Z, Shi H, Chinnathambi A, Salmen SH, Alharbi SA, Veeraraghavan VP, Surapaneni KM, Arulselvan P. Arbutin exerts anticancer activity against rat C6 glioma cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the inflammatory markers and P13/Akt/mTOR cascade. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22857. [PMID: 34338399 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are a type of brain cancer that occurs in the supporting glial cells of the brain. It is highly malignant and accounts for 80% of brain tumors with high mortality and morbidity. Phytomedicines are potent alternatives for allopathic drugs which cause side effects. They have been used from ancient times by traditional Chinese, Ayurveda, and Siddha medicine. Arubtin is a glycoside phytochemical extracted from plants and belongs to the family of Ericaceae. Arbutin possesses various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and so on. Hence in the present study, we analyzed the anticancer potency of arbutin against rat C6 glioma cells. Rat C6 glioma cells were procured from American Type Culture Collection and the cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute-1640 medium. To assess the cytotoxicity effect of the arbutin against C6 glioma cells, an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test was performed with different doses from 10 to 60 µM. Arbutin effectively induced apoptosis in the cells and the IC50 dose was obtained at 30 µM. For further studies, we selected the 30 µM IC50 dose and a higher dose of 40 µM. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated were analyzed with DCFDA/H2DCFDA stain and the destruction of mitochondrial membrane permeability which is the initiator of apoptosis was analyzed with a cationic stain Rhodamine 123. Dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide was performed to assess the viable and dead cells. Cell adhesion properties of glioma cells were analyzed with Matrigel assay. The apoptotic, inflammatory, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling molecules were analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis to confirm the anticancer effect of arbutin. Arbutin generated excessive ROS and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane, which induced apoptosis in cells, it also inhibited the cell adhesion property of C6 glioma cells. qPCR analysis clearly indicates arbutin increases the apoptotic genes and decreased the inflammatory and PI3K/mTOR signaling molecules. Overall, our results authentically confirm that arbutin can be a potent alternative for treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangkai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hangyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Skills & Simulation, Molecular Virology and Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Banerjee K, Núñez FJ, Haase S, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Carney SV, Yu J, Alghamri MS, Asad AS, Candia AJN, Varela ML, Candolfi M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Current Approaches for Glioma Gene Therapy and Virotherapy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:621831. [PMID: 33790740 PMCID: PMC8006286 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.621831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in the adult population and it carries a dismal prognosis. Inefficient drug delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and development of drug resistance are key barriers to successful glioma treatment. Since gliomas occur through sequential acquisition of genetic alterations, gene therapy, which enables to modification of the genetic make-up of target cells, appears to be a promising approach to overcome the obstacles encountered by current therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy is a rapidly evolving field with the ultimate goal of achieving specific delivery of therapeutic molecules using either viral or non-viral delivery vehicles. Gene therapy can also be used to enhance immune responses to tumor antigens, reprogram the TME aiming at blocking glioma-mediated immunosuppression and normalize angiogenesis. Nano-particles-mediated gene therapy is currently being developed to overcome the BBB for glioma treatment. Another approach to enhance the anti-glioma efficacy is the implementation of viro-immunotherapy using oncolytic viruses, which are immunogenic. Oncolytic viruses kill tumor cells due to cancer cell-specific viral replication, and can also initiate an anti-tumor immunity. However, concerns still remain related to off target effects, and therapeutic and transduction efficiency. In this review, we describe the rationale and strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of current gene therapy approaches against gliomas in clinical and preclinical studies. This includes different delivery systems comprising of viral, and non-viral delivery platforms along with suicide/prodrug, oncolytic, cytokine, and tumor suppressor-mediated gene therapy approaches. In addition, advances in glioma treatment through BBB-disruptive gene therapy and anti-EGFRvIII/VEGFR gene therapy are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the results of gene therapy-mediated human clinical trials for gliomas. In summary, we highlight the progress, prospects and remaining challenges of gene therapies aiming at broadening our understanding and highlighting the therapeutic arsenal for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Felipe J. Núñez
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon L. McClellan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Syed M. Faisal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stephen V. Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Antonela S. Asad
- Departamento de Biología e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J. Nicola Candia
- Departamento de Biología e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Luisa Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Departamento de Biología e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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