Diet from Mantisa religiosa-egg case abolishes pulmonary dysfunctions triggered by sub-acute exposure to aerosolized-petroleum hydrocarbons in rat model

Development of therapeutic supplement using roasted-cashew-nut to protect cerebral vasoconstriction injury triggered by mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of rat model

Petroleum-related activities have been a health global risk concern, particularly in the limbic disorders. The study aims to investigate the neuroprotection of roasted cashew nuts (RCN) on brain vasoconstriction injury induced by a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons (MFPP). Seventy Male Wistar rats ranging 160 ± 10 g were randomized into seven groups. Group I was given distilled water. Group II was exposed to 0.2 ml MFPP. Group III, IV and V were exposed to 0.2 ml MFPP followed by treatment with 50 mg/kg atenolol, 10 % RCN and 20 % RCN, respectively. Group VI and VII were treated with 10 % RCN and 20 % RCN, respectively. The regimen period was 28 days. Cell pathological evaluation was done using hematoxylin and eosin staining and visualized under the microscope. Biochemical and molecular markers of brain vasoconstriction injury (BVI) were evaluated using spectrophotometer and RT-PCR analyzer, respectively. Student-T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the results. Sub-chronic exposure to MFPP induced BVI as evident in neuroinflammation and derangements in the histology of the hippocampus and hypothalamus coupled with momentous alterations in the neurons. Post treatment with RCN supplement remarkably modulated the effects by depleting the inflammatory mediators including HIF-1, p53 and MCP-1. Also, adenosinergic, purigenic and cholinergic of the hypothalamus and hippocampus were normalized by the supplement. It is pertinent to conclude that treatment with RCN inhibited BVI in rats via the NO-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway by reversing neuroinflammation, normalizing the purinergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, and stabilizing NO level coupled with brain histology improvement.

Downregulation of inflammatory erectile dysfunction by Mantisa religiosa egg-cake through NO-cGMP-PKG dependent NF-kB signaling cascade activated by mixture of salt intake

We hypothesized whether 10% praying-mantis-egg-cake (10% PMEC) can be applied against inflammatory-erectile-dysfunction and whether it could be linked to NO-cGMP-dependent PKG signaling cascade. Ninety male albino-rats were randomly distributed into nine (n = 10) groups. Group I was given distilled water. Group II and III were pre-treated with 80 mg/kg NaCl and 75 mg/kg MSG, respectively. Group IV was pre-treated with 80 mg/kg NaCl + 75 mg/kg MSG. Group V was administered with 80 mg/kg NaCl+ 3 mg/kg Amylopidin. Group VI was given 80 mg/kg NaCl + 10% PMEC. Group VII was treated with 75 mg/kg MSG + 10% PMEC. Group VIII was treated with 80 mg/kg NaCl+ 75 mg/kg MSG + 10% PMEC. Group IX was post-treated with 10% PMEC for 14 days. Penile PDE-5¹, arginase, ATP hydrolytic, cholinergic, dopaminergic (MAO-A) and adenosinergic (ADA) enzymes were hyperactive on intoxication with NaCl and MSG. The erectile dysfunction caused by inflammation was linked to alteration of NO-cGMP-dependent PKG signaling cascade via up-regulation of key cytokines and chemokine (MCP-1). These lesions were prohibited by protein-rich-cake (10% PMEC). Thus, protein-rich-cake (10% PMEC) by a factor of 4 (25%) inhibited penile cytokines/MCP-1 on exposure to mixture of salt-intake through NO-cGMP-PKG dependent-NF-_KB signaling cascade in rats.

Egg case concentrate of Mantis religiosa abrogates the accumulation of cadmium in muscular and bone tissues of African catfish via activation of nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase activity

The study examined the prophylactic effect of praying mantis egg case powder (PMECP) against the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in key tissues of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Thirty African catfish were randomly distributed into six (n = 5) groups. Group I was treated with normal fish diet (NFD) only. Group II was exposed to Cd + NFD. Group III was exposed to Cd + NFD + EC₅₀ PMECP. Group IV was exposed to Cd + NFD + EC₅₀ PMECP + 10% EC₅₀ PMECP. Group V was exposed to Cd + NFD + EC₅₀ PMECP + 20% EC₅₀ PMECP. Group VI was treated with EC₅₀ PMECP + NFD for 14 days. Inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀ ) of PMECP significantly scavenged free radicals in vitro with corresponding increase in the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO) level. PMECP also showed highest growth-rate pattern and downregulation of cavitation within the lamellae. Hence, PMECP may be a prophylactic agent against the Cd accumulation in African catfish. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mantis religiosa egg case is widely used in Asian traditional medicine and some part of West Africa, as prevention against several diseases such as urinary disorders, infertility, impotence, and shingles. Our previous investigation showed that Mantis religiosa egg case flour could prevent hepatotoxicity, inhibit respiratory dysfunction, and interrupt oxidative damage in lungs. It is also commonly utilized for its high protein content and clear airways potential. The results of this study revealed empirical evidence concerning the possible usage of PMECP as natural, alternative, and/or complementary protein supplement with prophylactic potentials. Hence, this study underlines PMECP as prophylactic agent in abrogating the accumulation of cadmium as well as improving the protein content in African catfish.