1
|
Yusoff NA, Abd Hamid Z, Budin SB, Taib IS. Hematopoietic stem cell discovery: unveiling the historical and future perspective of colony-forming units assay. PeerJ 2025; 13:e18854. [PMID: 39897489 PMCID: PMC11786707 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.18854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are special cells with the distinctive capability to self-renew, forming a new pool of undifferentiated stem cells. They are also able to differentiate into lineage-specific cell types that are specialized and matured. Thus, stem cells are considered as the building blocks of tissues and organs in which they reside. Among the many types of stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most studied adult stem cells and are considered as a promising source of cells for applications in the clinical and basic sciences. Historically, research on HSCs was initiated in the 1940s, where in a groundbreaking experiment, intravenously injected bone marrow (BM) cells prevented the death of irradiated mice by restoring blood cell production. Since then, HSCs have been studied and utilized in medical therapies and research for over several decades. Over time, more sophisticated tools have been developed to evaluate the behaviour of specifically purified subsets of hematopoietic cells that have the capacity to produce blood cells. One of the established tools is the colony-forming units (CFUs) assay. This assay facilitates the identification, enumeration, and analysis of colonies formed by differentiated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from myeloid, erythroid and lymphoid lineages. Hence, the CFUs assay is a fundamental in vitro platform that allows functional studies on the lineage potential of an individual HSPCs. The outcomes of such studies are crucial in providing critical insights into hematopoiesis. In this review, we explore the fundamental discoveries concerning the CFUs assay by covering the following aspects: (i) the historical overview of the CFUs assay for the study of clonal hematopoiesis involving multilineage potential of HSPCs, (ii) its use in various experimental models comprising humans, mice/rodents, zebrafish and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and (iii) research gaps and future direction concerning the role of CFUs assay in clinical and basic sciences. Overall, the CFUs assay confers a transformative platform for a better understanding of HSPCs biology in governing hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afizah Yusoff
- Biomedical Science Programme and Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Biomedical Science Programme and Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Biomedical Science Programme and Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Biomedical Science Programme and Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shalaby C, Garifallou J, Thom CS. Integrated Local and Systemic Communication Factors Regulate Nascent Hematopoietic Progenitor Escape During Developmental Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 26:301. [PMID: 39796157 PMCID: PMC11720630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 12/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Mammalian blood cells originate from specialized 'hemogenic' endothelial (HE) cells in major arteries. During the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT), nascent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bud from the arterial endothelial wall and enter circulation, destined to colonize the fetal liver before ultimately migrating to the bone marrow. Mechanisms and processes that facilitate EHT and the release of nascent HSCs are incompletely understood, but may involve signaling from neighboring vascular endothelial cells, stromal support cells, circulating pre-formed hematopoietic cells, and/or systemic factors secreted by distal organs. We used single cell RNA sequencing analysis from human embryonic cells to identify relevant signaling pathways that support nascent HSC release. In addition to intercellular and secreted signaling modalities that have been previously functionally validated to support EHT and/or developmental hematopoiesis in model systems, we identify several novel modalities with plausible mechanisms to support EHT and HSC release. Our findings paint a portrait of the complex inter-regulated signals from the local niche, circulating hematopoietic/inflammatory cells, and distal fetal liver that support hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carson Shalaby
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Garifallou
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher S. Thom
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu W, Ding Y, Shen Z, Xu C, Yi W, Wang D, Zhou Y, Zon LI, Liu JX. BF170 hydrochloride enhances the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Development 2024; 151:dev202476. [PMID: 38940293 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo and in vivo, especially the generation of safe therapeutic HSPCs, still remains inefficient. In this study, we have identified compound BF170 hydrochloride as a previously unreported pro-hematopoiesis molecule, using the differentiation assays of primary zebrafish blastomere cell culture and mouse embryoid bodies (EBs), and we demonstrate that BF170 hydrochloride promoted definitive hematopoiesis in vivo. During zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis, BF170 hydrochloride increases blood flow, expands hemogenic endothelium (HE) cells and promotes HSPC emergence. Mechanistically, the primary cilia-Ca2+-Notch/NO signaling pathway, which is downstream of the blood flow, mediated the effects of BF170 hydrochloride on HSPC induction in vivo. Our findings, for the first time, reveal that BF170 hydrochloride is a compound that enhances HSPC induction and may be applied to the ex vivo expansion of HSPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WenYe Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - YuYan Ding
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Yi
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Karp 8, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Wu T, Hu H, Alabed AAA, Cui G, Sun L, Sun Z, Wang Y, Li P. Plasma exosomes carrying mmu-miR-146a-5p and Notch signalling pathway-mediated synaptic activity in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E265-E281. [PMID: 39209459 PMCID: PMC11374447 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, leading to alterations in various molecular pathways that may contribute to its pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that exosomal microRNAs could play essential roles in various brain disorders; thus, we sought to explore the potential molecular mechanisms through which microRNAs in plasma exosomes are involved in schizophrenia. METHODS We obtained sequencing data sets (SUB12404730, SUB12422862, and SUB12421357) and transcriptome sequencing data sets (GSE111708, GSE108925, and GSE18981) from mouse models of schizophrenia using the Sequence Read Archive and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. We performed differential expression analysis on mRNA to identify differentially expressed genes. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to determine differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, we determined the intersection of differentially expressed microRNAs in plasma exosomes and in prefrontal cortex tissue. We retrieved downstream target genes of mmu-miR-146a-5p from TargetScan and used Cytoscape to visualize and map the microRNA-target gene regulatory network. We conducted in vivo experiments using MK-801-induced mouse schizophrenia models and in vitro experiments using cultured mouse neurons. The role of plasma exosomal miR-146a-5p in schizophrenia was validated using a cell counting kit, detection of lactate dehydrogenase, dual-luciferase assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Differential genes were mainly enriched in synaptic regulation-related functions and pathways and were associated with neuronal degeneration. We found that mmu-miR-146a-5p was highly expressed in both prefrontal cortical tissue and plasma exosomes, which may be transferred to lobe cortical vertebral neurons, leading to the synergistic dysregulation of gene network functions and, therefore, promoting schizophrenia development. We found that mmu-miR-146a-5p may inhibit the Notch signalling pathway-mediated synaptic activity of mouse pyramidal neurons in the lobe cortex by targeting NOTCH1, which in turn could promote the onset and development of schizophrenia in mice. LIMITATIONS The study's findings are based on animal models and in vitro experiments, which may not fully replicate the complexity of human schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mmu-miR-146a-5p in plasma-derived exosomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our results provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Tong Wu
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Houjia Hu
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Alabed Ali A Alabed
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Guangcheng Cui
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Lei Sun
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Yuchen Wang
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| | - Ping Li
- From the Departments of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Z. Wang); the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China (Hu); the Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Lincoln University College, Malaysia (Alabed); the Department of Psychology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China (Wu, Cui, L. Sun, Z. Sun)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mastrogiovanni M, Martínez-Navarro FJ, Bowman TV, Cayuela ML. Inflammation in Development and Aging: Insights from the Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2145. [PMID: 38396822 PMCID: PMC10889087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are an emergent animal model to study human diseases due to their significant genetic similarity to humans, swift development, and genetic manipulability. Their utility extends to the exploration of the involvement of inflammation in host defense, immune responses, and tissue regeneration. Additionally, the zebrafish model system facilitates prompt screening of chemical compounds that affect inflammation. This study explored the diverse roles of inflammatory pathways in zebrafish development and aging. Serving as a crucial model, zebrafish provides insights into the intricate interplay of inflammation in both developmental and aging contexts. The evidence presented suggests that the same inflammatory signaling pathways often play instructive or beneficial roles during embryogenesis and are associated with malignancies in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mastrogiovanni
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Francisco Juan Martínez-Navarro
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa V. Bowman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - María L. Cayuela
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kulkarni PP, Ekhlak M, Dash D. Non-canonical non-genomic morphogen signaling in anucleate platelets: a critical determinant of prothrombotic function in circulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:13. [PMID: 38172855 PMCID: PMC10763172 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating platelets derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes play a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Despite being anucleate, platelets express several proteins known to have nuclear niche. These include transcription factors and steroid receptors whose non-genomic functions are being elucidated in platelets. Quite remarkably, components of some of the best-studied morphogen pathways, namely Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Wnt have also been described in recent years in platelets, which regulate platelet function in the context of thrombosis as well as influence their survival. Shh and Notch pathways in stimulated platelets establish feed-forward loops of autocrine/juxtacrine/paracrine non-canonical signaling that helps perpetuate thrombosis. On the other hand, non-canonical Wnt signaling is part of a negative feedback loop for restricting platelet activation and possibly limiting thrombus growth. The present review will provide an overview of these signaling pathways in general. We will then briefly discuss the non-genomic roles of transcription factors and steroid receptors in platelet activation. This will be followed by an elaborate description of morphogen signaling in platelets with a focus on their bearing on platelet activation leading to hemostasis and thrombosis as well as their potential for therapeutic targeting in thrombotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh P Kulkarni
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Ekhlak
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- Center for Advanced Research on Platelet Signaling and Thrombosis Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abe T, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y. Advancements in medical research using fetal sheep: Implications for human health and treatment methods. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13945. [PMID: 38651196 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sheep are typically considered as industrial animals that provide wool and meals. However, they play a significant role in medical research in addition to their conventional use. Notably, sheep fetuses are resistant to surgical invasions and can endure numerous manipulations, such as needle puncture and cell transplantation, and surgical operations requiring exposure beyond the uterus. Based on these distinguishing characteristics, we established a chimeric sheep model capable of producing human/monkey pluripotent cell-derived blood cells via the fetal liver. Furthermore, sheep have become crucial as human fetal models, acting as platforms for developing and improving techniques for intrauterine surgery to address congenital disorders and clarifying the complex pharmacokinetic interactions between mothers and their fetuses. This study emphasizes the significant contributions of fetal sheep to advancing human disease understanding and treatment strategies, highlighting their unique characteristics that are not present in other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Open Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laowtammathron C, Lorthongpanich C, Jiamvoraphong N, Srisook P, Klaihmon P, Kheolamai P, Luanpitpong S, Issaragrisil S. Role of YAP in hematopoietic differentiation and erythroid lineage specification of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:279. [PMID: 37775798 PMCID: PMC10543272 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro production of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides opportunities for fundamental research, disease modeling, and large-scale production of HLA-matched HSPCs for therapeutic applications. However, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling mechanisms that regulate human hematopoiesis is needed to develop a more effective procedure for deriving HSPCs from hiPSCs. METHODS In this study, we investigate the role of YAP during the hematopoietic differentiation of hiPSCs to HSPCs and erythrocytes using the isogenic YAP-overexpressing (YAP-S5A) and YAP-depleting (YAP-KD) hiPSCs to eliminate the effects of a genetic background variation. RESULTS Although YAP is dispensable for maintaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of these hiPSCs, it affects the early cell-fate determination and hematopoietic differentiation of hiPSCs. Depleting YAP enhances the derivation efficiency of HSPCs from hiPSCs by inducing the mesodermal lineage commitment, promoting hematopoietic differentiation, and preventing the differentiation toward endothelial lineage. On the contrary, the overexpression of YAP reduced HSPCs yield by inducing the endodermal lineage commitment, suppressing hematopoietic differentiation, and promoting the differentiation toward endothelial lineage. CONCLUSIONS Expression of YAP is crucial for the differentiation of hiPSC-derived HSPCs toward mature erythrocytes. We believe that by manipulating YAP activity using small molecules, the efficiency of the large-scale in vitro production system for generating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells for future therapeutic use could be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuti Laowtammathron
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Nittaya Jiamvoraphong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pimonwan Srisook
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Phatchanat Klaihmon
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Bangkok Hematology Center, Wattanosoth Hospital, BDMS Center of Excellence for Cancer, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng Z, He H, Tang XT, Zhang H, Gou F, Yang H, Cao J, Shi S, Yang Z, Sun G, Xie X, Zeng Y, Wen A, Lan Y, Zhou J, Liu B, Zhou BO, Cheng T, Cheng H. Uncovering the emergence of HSCs in the human fetal bone marrow by single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1562-1579.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Jardine L, Webb S, Goh I, Quiroga Londoño M, Reynolds G, Mather M, Olabi B, Stephenson E, Botting RA, Horsfall D, Engelbert J, Maunder D, Mende N, Murnane C, Dann E, McGrath J, King H, Kucinski I, Queen R, Carey CD, Shrubsole C, Poyner E, Acres M, Jones C, Ness T, Coulthard R, Elliott N, O'Byrne S, Haltalli MLR, Lawrence JE, Lisgo S, Balogh P, Meyer KB, Prigmore E, Ambridge K, Jain MS, Efremova M, Pickard K, Creasey T, Bacardit J, Henderson D, Coxhead J, Filby A, Hussain R, Dixon D, McDonald D, Popescu DM, Kowalczyk MS, Li B, Ashenberg O, Tabaka M, Dionne D, Tickle TL, Slyper M, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A, Behjati S, Laurenti E, Wilson NK, Roy A, Göttgens B, Roberts I, Teichmann SA, Haniffa M. Blood and immune development in human fetal bone marrow and Down syndrome. Nature 2021; 598:327-331. [PMID: 34588693 PMCID: PMC7612688 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) maintains blood and immune cell production throughout postnatal life. Haematopoiesis first emerges in human BM at 11-12 weeks after conception1,2, yet almost nothing is known about how fetal BM (FBM) evolves to meet the highly specialized needs of the fetus and newborn. Here we detail the development of FBM, including stroma, using multi-omic assessment of mRNA and multiplexed protein epitope expression. We find that the full blood and immune cell repertoire is established in FBM in a short time window of 6-7 weeks early in the second trimester. FBM promotes rapid and extensive diversification of myeloid cells, with granulocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cell subsets emerging for the first time. The substantial expansion of B lymphocytes in FBM contrasts with fetal liver at the same gestational age. Haematopoietic progenitors from fetal liver, FBM and cord blood exhibit transcriptional and functional differences that contribute to tissue-specific identity and cellular diversification. Endothelial cell types form distinct vascular structures that we show are regionally compartmentalized within FBM. Finally, we reveal selective disruption of B lymphocyte, erythroid and myeloid development owing to a cell-intrinsic differentiation bias as well as extrinsic regulation through an altered microenvironment in Down syndrome (trisomy 21).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simone Webb
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Issac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mariana Quiroga Londoño
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Mather
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bayanne Olabi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachel A Botting
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dave Horsfall
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Justin Engelbert
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Maunder
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicole Mende
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jim McGrath
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hamish King
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher D Carey
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline Shrubsole
- Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth Poyner
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meghan Acres
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire Jones
- NovoPath, Department of Pathology, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Ness
- NovoPath, Department of Pathology, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rowen Coulthard
- NovoPath, Department of Pathology, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Sorcha O'Byrne
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam L R Haltalli
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirjana Efremova
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Keir Pickard
- Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Creasey
- Haematology Department, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Deborah Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Dixon
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David McDonald
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Monika S Kowalczyk
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcin Tabaka
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy L Tickle
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, and MRC WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- BRC Blood Theme, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, and MRC WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- BRC Blood Theme, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Glutamine metabolism regulates endothelial to hematopoietic transition and hematopoietic lineage specification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17589. [PMID: 34475502 PMCID: PMC8413451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During hematopoietic development, definitive hematopoietic cells are derived from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells through a process known as endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT). During EHT, transitioning cells proliferate and undergo progressive changes in gene expression culminating in the new cell identity with corresponding changes in function, phenotype and morphology. However, the metabolic pathways fueling this transition remain unclear. We show here that glutamine is a crucial regulator of EHT and a rate limiting metabolite in the hematopoietic differentiation of HE cells. Intriguingly, different hematopoietic lineages require distinct derivatives of glutamine. While both derivatives, α-ketoglutarate and nucleotides, are required for early erythroid differentiation of HE during glutamine deprivation, lymphoid differentiation relies on α-ketoglutarate alone. Furthermore, treatment of HE cells with α-ketoglutarate in glutamine-free conditions pushes their differentiation towards lymphoid lineages both in vitro and in vivo, following transplantation into NSG mice. Thus, we report an essential role for glutamine metabolism during EHT, regulating both the emergence and the specification of hematopoietic cells through its various derivatives.
Collapse
|
12
|
Soto RA, Najia MAT, Hachimi M, Frame JM, Yette GA, Lummertz da Rocha E, Stankunas K, Daley GQ, North TE. Sequential regulation of hemogenic fate and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell formation from arterial endothelium by Ezh1/2. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1718-1734. [PMID: 34143974 PMCID: PMC8282472 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Across species, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise during embryogenesis from a specialized arterial population, termed hemogenic endothelium. Here, we describe a mechanistic role for the epigenetic regulator, Enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (Ezh1), in vertebrate HSPC production via regulation of hemogenic commitment. Loss of ezh1 in zebrafish embryos favored acquisition of hemogenic (gata2b) and HSPC (runx1) fate at the expense of the arterial program (ephrinb2a, dll4). In contrast, ezh1 overexpression blocked hematopoietic progression via maintenance of arterial gene expression. The related Polycomb group subunit, Ezh2, functioned in a non-redundant, sequential manner, whereby inhibition had no impact on arterial identity, but was capable of blocking ezh1-knockdown-associated HSPC expansion. Single-cell RNA sequencing across ezh1 genotypes revealed a dropout of ezh1+/− cells among arterial endothelium associated with positive regulation of gene transcription. Exploitation of Ezh1/2 modulation has potential functional relevance for improving in vitro HSPC differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cell sources. ezh1 loss increases HSPC and lymphoid progenitor formation during embryogenesis ezh1 loss promotes a developmental shift from arterial to hemogenic fate in the DA Ezh2 functions downstream of Ezh1-regulated arterial identity in HSPC commitment scRNA-seq confirms ezh1 loss modifies distinct arterial associated gene programs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Soto
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohamad Ali T Najia
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mariam Hachimi
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel A Yette
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abe T, Uosaki H, Shibata H, Hara H, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Fetal sheep support the development of hematopoietic cells in vivo from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2021; 95:46-57.e8. [PMID: 33395577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report that a sheep fetal liver provides a microenvironment for generating hematopoietic cells with long-term engrafting capacity and multilineage differentiation potential from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hemogenic endothelial cells (HEs). Despite the promise of iPSCs for making any cell types, generating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is still a challenge. We hypothesized that the hematopoietic microenvironment, which exists in fetal liver but is lacking in vitro, turns iPSC-HEs into HSPCs. To test this, we transplanted CD45-negative iPSC-HEs into fetal sheep liver, in which HSPCs first grow. Within 2 months, the transplanted cells became CD45 positive and differentiated into multilineage blood cells in the fetal liver. Then, CD45-positive cells translocated to the bone marrow and were maintained there for 3 years with the capability of multilineage differentiation, indicating that hematopoietic cells with long-term engraftment potential were generated. Moreover, human hematopoietic cells were temporally enriched by xenogeneic donor-lymphocyte infusion into the sheep. This study could serve as a foundation to generate HSPCs from iPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hara
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan; Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramakrishna RR, Abd Hamid Z, Wan Zaki WMD, Huddin AB, Mathialagan R. Stem cell imaging through convolutional neural networks: current issues and future directions in artificial intelligence technology. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10346. [PMID: 33240655 PMCID: PMC7680049 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are primitive and precursor cells with the potential to reproduce into diverse mature and functional cell types in the body throughout the developmental stages of life. Their remarkable potential has led to numerous medical discoveries and breakthroughs in science. As a result, stem cell-based therapy has emerged as a new subspecialty in medicine. One promising stem cell being investigated is the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), which is obtained by genetically reprogramming mature cells to convert them into embryonic-like stem cells. These iPSCs are used to study the onset of disease, drug development, and medical therapies. However, functional studies on iPSCs involve the analysis of iPSC-derived colonies through manual identification, which is time-consuming, error-prone, and training-dependent. Thus, an automated instrument for the analysis of iPSC colonies is needed. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a novel technology to tackle this challenge. In particular, deep learning, a subfield of AI, offers an automated platform for analyzing iPSC colonies and other colony-forming stem cells. Deep learning rectifies data features using a convolutional neural network (CNN), a type of multi-layered neural network that can play an innovative role in image recognition. CNNs are able to distinguish cells with high accuracy based on morphologic and textural changes. Therefore, CNNs have the potential to create a future field of deep learning tasks aimed at solving various challenges in stem cell studies. This review discusses the progress and future of CNNs in stem cell imaging for therapy and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaesh Rao Ramakrishna
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aqilah Baseri Huddin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramya Mathialagan
- Biomedical Science Programme and Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kang JW, Kim Y, Lee Y, Myung K, Kim YH, Oh CK. AML poor prognosis factor, TPD52, is associated with the maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells through regulation of cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2020; 122:403-412. [PMID: 33166425 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a blood cancer where undifferentiated myeloid cells are increased in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As AML is dangerous and shows poor prognosis, many researchers categorised the relevant cytogenetic factors according to risk and prognosis. However, the specific reasons for poor cytogenetic factors remain unknown. We analysed a large data set from AML patients and found that TPD52 expression is elevated in patient groups with poor cytogenetic factors. As the amino acid sequence of TPD52 is evolutionally conserved in vertebrates, zebrafish embryos were used to investigate the function of TPD52. Since myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are relevant to AML, the function of TPD52 in the development of HSCs was investigated. We determined that the zebrafish paralog, tpd52, is important for the maintenance of HSCs through regulation of cell proliferation. As tpd52 is linked to cell proliferation in zebrafish embryos, the proliferation-related gene, CD59, was correlated to TPD52 in every AML cohort with a high correlation coefficient. We suggest that TPD52 can be a novel therapeutic target for AML patients with poor cytogenetic factors. Additionally, more studies between TPD52 and CD59 will further increase the value of TPD52 as a novel target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wan Kang
- Interdisplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kim
- Interdisplinary Program of Genomic Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Oh
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lomelí H, Castillo-Castellanos F. Notch signaling and the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1302-1317. [PMID: 32996661 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is able to give rise to all blood cell lineages in vertebrates. HSCs are generated in the early embryo after two precedent waves of primitive hematopoiesis. Canonical Notch signaling is at the center of the complex mechanism that controls the development of the definitive HSC. The successful in vitro generation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cells with the capacity for multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation requires the recapitulation of the most important process that takes place in the hemogenic endothelium during definitive hematopoiesis, that is the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). To meet this challenge, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms that modulate Notch signaling during the HSC differentiation process considering different temporal and spatial dimensions. In recent years, there have been important advances in this field. Here, we review relevant contributions describing different genes, factors, environmental cues, and signaling cascades that regulate the EHT through Notch interactions at multiple levels. The evolutionary conservation of the hematopoietic program has made possible the use of diverse model systems. We describe the contributions of the zebrafish model and the most relevant ones from transgenic mouse studies and from in vitro differentiated pluripotent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Lomelí
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, 62210, Mexico
| | - Francisco Castillo-Castellanos
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, 62210, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu H, Hu W, Song X, Zhao Y. Notch-HEY2 signaling pathway contributes to the differentiation of CD34 + hematopoietic-like stem cells from adult peripheral blood insulin-producing cells after the treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8347-8352. [PMID: 32997309 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous works characterized a novel cell population from adult human peripheral blood, designated peripheral blood insulin-producing cells (PB-IPC). PB-IPC displayed the pluripotent potential of differentiations after the treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria and gave rise to three germ layer-derived cells such as the mitochondrion-induced CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)-like cells (miCD34+ HSC). To determine the molecular mechanism underlying the differentiation of miCD34+ cells, mechanistic studies established that MitoTracker Deep Red-labeled mitochondria could enter into the PB-IPC in a dose-dependent manner. Blocking Notch signaling pathway with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, markedly inhibited the proliferation of PB-IPC and improved the differentiation of miCD34+ HSC. Additionally, treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria can reprogram the differentiation of PB-IPC into miCD34+ HSC through inhibition of the Notch/HEY2 signaling pathway, as demonstrated by blocking experiments with HEY2 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The data indicated that Notch signaling pathway contributes to the miCD34+ HSC differentiation, thus advancing our understanding of the mitochondrial reprogramming and the potential treatment of human hematopoietic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Xiang Song
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Recent advances in understanding the role of high fat diets and their components on hematopoiesis and the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Kulkarni R, Kale V. Physiological Cues Involved in the Regulation of Adhesion Mechanisms in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate Decision. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:611. [PMID: 32754597 PMCID: PMC7366553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) could have several fates in the body; viz. self-renewal, differentiation, migration, quiescence, and apoptosis. These fate decisions play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and critically depend on the interaction of the HSCs with their micro-environmental constituents. However, the physiological cues promoting these interactions in vivo have not been identified to a great extent. Intense research using various in vitro and in vivo models is going on in various laboratories to understand the mechanisms involved in these interactions, as understanding of these mechanistic would greatly help in improving clinical transplantations. However, though these elegant studies have identified the molecular interactions involved in the process, harnessing these interactions to the recipients' benefit would ultimately depend on manipulation of environmental cues initiating them in vivo: hence, these need to be identified at the earliest. HSCs reside in the bone marrow, which is a very complex tissue comprising of various types of stromal cells along with their secreted cytokines, extra-cellular matrix (ECM) molecules and extra-cellular vesicles (EVs). These components control the HSC fate decision through direct cell-cell interactions - mediated via various types of adhesion molecules -, cell-ECM interactions - mediated mostly via integrins -, or through soluble mediators like cytokines and EVs. This could be a very dynamic process involving multiple transient interactions acting concurrently or sequentially, and the adhesion molecules involved in various fate determining situations could be different. If the switch mechanisms governing these dynamic states in vivo are identified, they could be harnessed for the development of novel therapeutics. Here, in addition to reviewing the adhesion molecules involved in the regulation of HSCs, we also touch upon recent advances in our understanding of the physiological cues known to initiate specific adhesive interactions of HSCs with the marrow stromal cells or ECM molecules and EVs secreted by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Kulkarni
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Generation of Hematopoietic-Like Stem Cells from Adult Human Peripheral Blood Following Treatment with Platelet-Derived Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124249. [PMID: 32549211 PMCID: PMC7352808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells represent a potential source for cellular therapy to treat serious human diseases. We characterized the insulin-producing cells from adult peripheral blood (designated PB-IPC), which displayed a unique phenotype. Mitochondria are normally located in the cellular cytoplasm, where they generate ATP to power the cell’s functions. Ex vivo and in vivo functional studies established that treatment with platelet-derived mitochondria can reprogram the transformation of adult PB-IPC into functional CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)-like cells, leading to the production of blood cells such as T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, red blood cells, and megakaryocytes (MKs)/platelets. These findings revealed a novel function of mitochondria in directly contributing to cellular reprogramming, thus overcoming the limitations and safety concerns of using conventional technologies to reprogram embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li S, Hu M, Lorenz HP. Treatment of Full-Thickness Skin Wounds with Blood-Derived CD34 + Precursor Cells Enhances Healing with Hair Follicle Regeneration. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2020; 9:264-276. [PMID: 32226650 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Epidermal CD34+ stem cells located in the hair follicle (HF) bulge area are capable of inducing HF neogenesis and enhancing wound healing after transplantation. In this study, we observed CD34+ cells derived from blood directly participate in dermal regeneration during full-thickness excisional wound healing. Approach: We isolated and in vitro expanded a subset of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like precursor cells from the peripheral blood of adult mice with the surface markers: CD34+, leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)+, CD44+, c-kit+, lineage negative (lin-), and E-cadherin-. These blood-derived precursor cells (BDPCs), can be further differentiated into epithelial-like cells (eBDPCs) and secret fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) protein. Result: When transplanted into full-thickness skin wounds, eBDPC treatment produced accelerated healing and enhanced skin structure regeneration with less dermal scar formation. Also, HF neogenesis (HFN) was observed with incorporation of labeled BDPCs in the wound area. Innovation:Nondermal-derived CD34+ cells (BDPCs) from the adult unmobilized peripheral blood are capable of in vitro expansion and differentiation.Successful establishment of an in vitro technical platform for BDPCs expansion and differentiation.The in vitro expanded and differentiated epithelial-like cells (eBDPCs) enhance wound healing and directly contribute to skin regeneration and HFN. Conclusion: BDPCs isolated and expanded from adult peripheral blood may provide a possible new cell-based treatment strategy for HF neogenesis and skin wound regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- APstem Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, California
| | - Min Hu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- APstem Therapeutics, Inc., Fremont, California
| | - H. Peter Lorenz
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Function of Arl4aa in the Initiation of Hematopoiesis in Zebrafish by Maintaining Golgi Complex Integrity in Hemogenic Endothelium. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:575-589. [PMID: 32220330 PMCID: PMC7160373 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4aa (Arl4aa) is a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family. It is expressed in hematopoietic tissue during embryonic development, but its function was unknown. Zebrafish arl4aa is preferentially expressed in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (VDA) at 24 and 36 hpf and in caudal hematopoietic tissue at 48 hpf. Morpholino knockdown and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) knockout of arl4aa significantly reduced expression of genes associated with definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Golgi complex integrity in VDA was disrupted as shown by transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining of Golgi membrane Giantin. Mechanistically, arl4aa knockdown reduced Notch signaling in the VDA and its target gene expression. Protein expression of NICD was also reduced. Effects of arl4aa knockdown on definitive hematopoiesis could be restored by NICD expression. This study identified arl4aa as a factor regulating initiation of definitive HSCs by maintaining the integrity of Golgi complex and, secondarily, maturation of the Notch receptor.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang H, Wang M, Wang Y, Wen Y, Chen X, Wu D, Su P, Zhou W, Shi L, Zhou J. MSX2 suppression through inhibition of TGFβ signaling enhances hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32248833 PMCID: PMC7132876 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strategies of generating functional blood cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remain largely unsuccessful due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of hematopoietic development. Endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT) serves as the pivotal mechanism for the onset of hematopoiesis and is negatively regulated by TGF-β signaling. However, little is known about the underlying details of TGF-β signaling during EHT. Methods In this study, by applying genome-wide gene profiling, we identified muscle segment homeobox2 (MSX2) as a potential mediator of TGF-β signaling during EHT. We generated MSX2-deleted human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and induced them to undergo hematopoietic differentiation. The role of MSX2 in hematopoiesis and functional regulation of TGFβ signaling in EHT was studied. Results We identified MSX2 as a novel regulator of human hematopoiesis. MSX2 deletion promotes the production of hematopoietic cells from hESCs. Functional and bioinformatics studies further demonstrated that MSX2 deletion augments hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs by facilitating EHT. Mechanistically, MSX2 acts as a downstream target of TGFβ signaling to mediate its function during EHT. Conclusions Our results not only improve the understanding of EHT, but may also provide novel insight into the efficient production of functional blood cells from hPSCs for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pijuan-Sala B, Wilson NK, Xia J, Hou X, Hannah RL, Kinston S, Calero-Nieto FJ, Poirion O, Preissl S, Liu F, Göttgens B. Single-cell chromatin accessibility maps reveal regulatory programs driving early mouse organogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:487-497. [PMID: 32231307 PMCID: PMC7145456 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During mouse embryonic development, pluripotent cells rapidly divide and diversify, yet the regulatory programs that define the cell repertoire for each organ remain ill-defined. To delineate comprehensive chromatin landscapes during early organogenesis, we mapped chromatin accessibility in 19,453 single nuclei from mouse embryos at 8.25 days post-fertilization. Identification of cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin pinpointed two TAL1-bound endothelial enhancers, which we validated using transgenic mouse assays. Integrated gene expression and transcription factor motif enrichment analyses highlighted cell-type-specific transcriptional regulators. Subsequent in vivo experiments in zebrafish revealed a role for the ETS factor FEV in endothelial identity downstream of ETV2 (Etsrp in zebrafish). Concerted in vivo validation experiments in mouse and zebrafish thus illustrate how single-cell open chromatin maps, representative of a mammalian embryo, provide access to the regulatory blueprint for mammalian organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Pijuan-Sala
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Hannah
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Kinston
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fernando J Calero-Nieto
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Poirion
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tsaouli G, Barbarulo A, Vacca A, Screpanti I, Felli MP. Molecular Mechanisms of Notch Signaling in Lymphoid Cell Lineages Development: NF-κB and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:145-164. [PMID: 32072504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Notch is a ligand-receptor interaction-triggered signaling cascade highly conserved, that influences multiple lineage decisions within the hematopoietic and the immune system. It is a recognized model of intercellular communication that plays an essential role in embryonic as well as in adult immune cell development and homeostasis. Four members belong to the family of Notch receptors (Notch1-4), and each of them plays nonredundant functions at several developmental stages. Canonical and noncanonical pathways of Notch signaling are multifaceted drivers of immune cells biology. In fact, increasing evidence highlighted Notch as an important modulator of immune responses, also in cancer microenvironment. In these contexts, multiple transduction signals, including canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways, play a relevant role. In this chapter, we will first describe the critical role of Notch and NF-κB signals in lymphoid lineages developing in thymus: natural killer T cells, thymocytes, and thymic T regulatory cells. We will address also the role played by ligand expressing cells. Given the importance of Notch/NF-κB cross talk, its role in T-cell leukemia development and progression will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tsaouli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Barbarulo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - I Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - M P Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang P, Zhang C, Li J, Han J, Liu X, Yang H. The physical microenvironment of hematopoietic stem cells and its emerging roles in engineering applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:327. [PMID: 31744536 PMCID: PMC6862744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are considered the fundamental underpinnings of tissue biology. The stem cell microenvironment provides factors and elements that play significant roles in controlling the cell fate direction. The bone marrow is an important environment for functional hematopoietic stem cells in adults. Remarkable progress has been achieved in the area of hematopoietic stem cell fate modulation based on the recognition of biochemical factors provided by bone marrow niches. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence that hematopoietic stem cell fate is altered in response to a variety of microenvironmental physical cues, such as geometric properties, matrix stiffness, and mechanical forces. Based on knowledge of these biophysical cues, recent developments in harnessing hematopoietic stem cell niches ex vivo are also discussed. A comprehensive understanding of cell microenvironments helps provide mechanistic insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and underlies biomaterial-based hematopoietic stem cell engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Feng F, Shan L, Deng JX, Luo LL, Huang QS. Role of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Fibrosis of Denervated Skeletal Muscle. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:419-425. [PMID: 31209813 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in skeletal muscle fibrosis after nerve injury, 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided randomly into a control and two experimental groups. Group A served as controls without any treatment. Rats in groups B were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL PBS and those in group C were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL PBS+100 μmol/L, 0.2 mL N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]- S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT, a gamma-secretase inhibitor that suppresses Notch signaling) respectively, on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 in a model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle fibrosis by right sciatic nerve transection. Five rats from each group were euthanized on postoperative days 1, 7, 14, and 28 to collect the right gastrocnemii, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry test, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were performed to assess connective tissue hyperplasia and fibroblast density as well as expression of Notch 1, Jagged 1, and Notch downstream molecules Hes 1 and collagen I (COL I) on day 28. There was no significant difference in HE-stained fibroblast density between group B and C on postoperative day 1. However, fibroblast density was significantly higher in group B than in group C on postoperative days 7, 14, and 28. Notch 1, Jagged 1, Hes 1, and COL I proteins in the gastrocnemius were expressed at very low levels in group A but at high levels in group B. Expression levels of these proteins were significantly lower in group C than in group B (P<0.05), but they were higher in group C than in group A (P<0.05) on postoperative day 28. We are led to conclude that locking the Notch signaling pathway inhibits fibrosis progression of denervated skeletal muscle. Thus, it may be a new approach for treatment of fibrosis of denervated skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Lu Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, 430072, China
| | | | - Ling-Li Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Central Hospital, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Qi-Shun Huang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rho SS, Kobayashi I, Oguri-Nakamura E, Ando K, Fujiwara M, Kamimura N, Hirata H, Iida A, Iwai Y, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S. Rap1b Promotes Notch-Signal-Mediated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development by Enhancing Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion. Dev Cell 2019; 49:681-696.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
29
|
Understanding the Journey of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2141475. [PMID: 31198425 PMCID: PMC6526542 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2141475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) surface during embryogenesis leading to the genesis of the hematopoietic system, which is vital for immune function, homeostasis balance, and inflammatory responses in the human body. Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, which initiates from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is responsible for the generation of all adult blood cells. With their self-renewing and pluripotent properties, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to create in vitro models of differentiation that will revolutionize our understanding of human development, especially of the human blood system. The utilization of hPSCs provides newfound approaches for studying the origins of human blood cell diseases and generating progenitor populations for cell-based treatments. Current shortages in our knowledge of adult HSCs and the molecular mechanisms that control hematopoietic development in physiological and pathological conditions can be resolved with better understanding of the regulatory networks involved in hematopoiesis, their impact on gene expression, and further enhance our ability to develop novel strategies of clinical importance. In this review, we delve into the recent advances in the understanding of the various cellular and molecular pathways that lead to blood development from hPSCs and examine the current knowledge of human hematopoietic development. We also review how in vitro differentiation of hPSCs can undergo hematopoietic transition and specification, including major subtypes, and consider techniques and protocols that facilitate the generation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
Primary cilia regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification through Notch signaling in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1839. [PMID: 31015398 PMCID: PMC6478842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are capable of producing all mature blood lineages, as well as maintaining the self-renewal ability throughout life. The hairy-like organelle, cilium, is present in most types of vertebrate cells, and plays important roles in various biological processes. However, it is unclear whether and how cilia regulate HSPC development in vertebrates. Here, we show that cilia-specific genes, involved in primary cilia formation and function, are required for HSPC development, especially in hemogenic endothelium (HE) specification in zebrafish embryos. Blocking primary cilia formation or function by genetic or chemical manipulations impairs HSPC development. Mechanistically, we uncover that primary cilia in endothelial cells transduce Notch signal to the earliest HE for proper HSPC specification during embryogenesis. Altogether, our findings reveal a pivotal role of endothelial primary cilia in HSPC development, and may shed lights into in vitro directed differentiation of HSPCs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tracey LJ, Brooke-Bisschop T, Jansen PWTC, Campos EI, Vermeulen M, Justice MJ. The Pluripotency Regulator PRDM14 Requires Hematopoietic Regulator CBFA2T3 to Initiate Leukemia in Mice. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1468-1479. [PMID: 31015254 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PR domain-containing 14 (Prdm14) is a pluripotency regulator central to embryonic stem cell identity and primordial germ cell specification. Genomic regions containing PRDM14 are often amplified leading to misexpression in human cancer. Prdm14 expression in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) leads to progenitor cell expansion prior to the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), consistent with PRDM14's role in cancer initiation. Here, we demonstrate mechanistic insight into PRDM14-driven leukemias in vivo. Mass spectrometry revealed novel PRDM14-protein interactions including histone H1, RNA-binding proteins, and the master hematopoietic regulator CBFA2T3. In mouse leukemic cells, CBFA2T3 and PRDM14 associate independently of the related ETO family member CBFA2T2, PRDM14's primary protein partner in pluripotent cells. CBFA2T3 plays crucial roles in HSC self-renewal and lineage commitment, and participates in oncogenic translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. These results suggest a model whereby PRDM14 recruits CBFA2T3 to DNA, leading to gene misregulation causing progenitor cell expansion and lineage perturbations preceding T-ALL development. Strikingly, Prdm14-induced T-ALL does not occur in mice deficient for Cbfa2t3, demonstrating that Cbfa2t3 is required for leukemogenesis. Moreover, T-ALL develops in Cbfa2t3 heterozygotes with a significantly longer latency, suggesting that PRDM14-associated T-ALL is sensitive to Cbfa2t3 levels. Our study highlights how an oncogenic protein uses a native protein in progenitor cells to initiate leukemia, providing insight into PRDM14-driven oncogenesis in other cell types. IMPLICATIONS: The pluripotency regulator PRDM14 requires the master hematopoietic regulator CBFA2T3 to initiate leukemia in progenitor cells, demonstrating an oncogenic role for CBFA2T3 and providing an avenue for targeting cancer-initiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Tracey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Travis Brooke-Bisschop
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal W T C Jansen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric I Campos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hayashi Y, Sezaki M, Takizawa H. Development of the hematopoietic system: Role of inflammatory factors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e341. [PMID: 30916895 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have two defining features, multipotency and self-renewal, both of which are tightly controlled by cell autonomous programs and environmental factors throughout the lifetime of an organism. During development, HSCs are born in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, and migrate to distinct hematopoietic organs such as the placenta, fetal liver and spleen, continuously self-renewing and expanding to reach a homeostatic number. HSCs ultimately seed the bone marrow around the time of birth and become dormant to sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on the role of inflammatory factors regulating HSC development, that is, emergence, trafficking and differentiation. An understanding of HSC kinetics during developmental processes will provide useful knowledge on HSC behavior under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hayashi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Sezaki
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tajer P, Pike-Overzet K, Arias S, Havenga M, Staal FJT. Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Therapeutic Purposes: Lessons from Development and the Niche. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020169. [PMID: 30781676 PMCID: PMC6407064 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for therapeutic purposes has been a “holy grail” in the field for many years. Ex vivo expansion of HSCs can help to overcome material shortage for transplantation purposes and genetic modification protocols. In this review, we summarize improved understanding in blood development, the effect of niche and conservative signaling pathways on HSCs in mice and humans, and also advances in ex vivo culturing protocols of human HSCs with cytokines or small molecule compounds. Different expansion protocols have been tested in clinical trials. However, an optimal condition for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs still has not been found yet. Translating and implementing new findings from basic research (for instance by using genetic modification of human HSCs) into clinical protocols is crucial to improve ex vivo expansion and eventually boost stem cell gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Tajer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sagrario Arias
- Batavia Biosciences, Zernikedreef 16, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Menzo Havenga
- Batavia Biosciences, Zernikedreef 16, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, L3-Q Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gu Q, Yang X, Lv J, Zhang J, Xia B, Kim JD, Wang R, Xiong F, Meng S, Clements TP, Tandon B, Wagner DS, Diaz MF, Wenzel PL, Miller YI, Traver D, Cooke JP, Li W, Zon LI, Chen K, Bai Y, Fang L. AIBP-mediated cholesterol efflux instructs hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate. Science 2019; 363:1085-1088. [PMID: 30705153 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia, the driving force of atherosclerosis, accelerates the expansion and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The molecular determinants connecting hypercholesterolemia with hematopoiesis are unclear. Here, we report that a somite-derived prohematopoietic cue, AIBP, orchestrates HSPC emergence from the hemogenic endothelium, a type of specialized endothelium manifesting hematopoietic potential. Mechanistically, AIBP-mediated cholesterol efflux activates endothelial Srebp2, the master transcription factor for cholesterol biosynthesis, which in turn transactivates Notch and promotes HSPC emergence. Srebp2 inhibition impairs hypercholesterolemia-induced HSPC expansion. Srebp2 activation and Notch up-regulation are associated with HSPC expansion in hypercholesterolemic human subjects. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) indicate that Srebp2 transregulates Notch pathway genes required for hematopoiesis. Our studies outline an AIBP-regulated Srebp2-dependent paradigm for HSPC emergence in development and HPSC expansion in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Gu
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Lv
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiaxiong Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xia
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun-Dae Kim
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Bhavna Tandon
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Daniel S Wagner
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Miguel F Diaz
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela L Wenzel
- Children's Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Traver
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgeries, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgeries, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yongping Bai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgeries, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferri-Lagneau KF, Haider J, Sang S, Leung T. Rescue of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells formation in plcg1 zebrafish mutant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:244. [PMID: 30664660 PMCID: PMC6341084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and is also required to drive arterial and HSPC formation. Genetic mutation in plcg1-/- (y10 allele) completely disrupts the aortic blood flow, specification of arterial fate, and HSPC formation in zebrafish embryos. We previously demonstrated that ginger treatment promoted definitive hematopoiesis via Bmp signaling. In this paper, we focus on HSPC development in plcg1-/- mutants and show that ginger/10-gingerol (10-G) can rescue the expression of arterial and HSPC markers in the HE and CHT in plcg1-/- mutant embryos. We demonstrate that ginger can induce scl/runx1 expression, and that rescued HE fate is dependent on Bmp and Notch. Bmp and Notch are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and NO can induce hematopoietic stem cell fate. We show that ginger produces a robust up-regulation of NO. Taken together, we suggest in this paper that Bmp, Notch and NO are potential players that mediate the effect of ginger/10-G for rescuing the genetic defects in blood vessel specification and HSPC formation in plcg1-/- mutants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HSPC development in vivo is critical for understanding HSPC expansion, which will have a positive impact in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine F Ferri-Lagneau
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jamil Haider
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bickers C, Española SD, Grainger S, Pouget C, Traver D. Zebrafish snai2 mutants fail to phenocopy morphant phenotypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202747. [PMID: 30208064 PMCID: PMC6135377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail2 is a zinc-finger transcription factor best known to repress expression of genes encoding cell adherence proteins to facilitate induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. While this role has been best documented in the developmental migration of the neural crest and mesoderm, here we expand on previously reported preliminary findings that morpholino knock-down of snai2 impairs the generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during zebrafish development. We demonstrate that snai2 morphants fail to initiate HSC specification and show defects in the somitic niche of migrating HSC precursors. These defects include a reduction in sclerotome markers as well as in the Notch ligands dlc and dld, which are known to be essential components of HSC specification. Accordingly, enforced expression of the Notch1-intracellular domain was capable of rescuing HSC specification in snai2 morphants. To parallel our approach, we obtained two mutant alleles of snai2. In contrast to the morphants, homozygous mutant embryos displayed no defects in HSC specification or in sclerotome development, and mutant fish survive into adulthood. However, when these homozygous mutants were injected with snai2 morpholino, HSCs were improperly specified. In summary, our morpholino data support a role for Snai2 in HSC development, whereas our mutant data suggest that Snai2 is dispensable for this process. Together, these findings further support the need for careful consideration of both morpholino and mutant phenotypes in studies of gene function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara Bickers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Sophia D. Española
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Pouget
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heterocellular molecular contacts in the mammalian stem cell niche. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:442-461. [PMID: 30025618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue homeostasis and repair relies on prompt and appropriate intervention by tissue-specific adult stem cells (SCs). SCs have the ability to self-renew; upon appropriate stimulation, they proliferate and give rise to specialized cells. An array of environmental signals is important for maintenance of the SC pool and SC survival, behavior, and fate. Within this special microenvironment, commonly known as the stem cell niche (SCN), SC behavior and fate are regulated by soluble molecules and direct molecular contacts via adhesion molecules providing connections to local supporting cells and the extracellular matrix. Besides the extensively discussed array of soluble molecules, the expression of adhesion molecules and molecular contacts is another fundamental mechanism regulating niche occupancy and SC mobilization upon activation. Some adhesion molecules are differentially expressed and have tissue-specific consequences, likely reflecting the structural differences in niche composition and design, especially the presence or absence of a stromal counterpart. However, the distribution and identity of intercellular molecular contacts for adhesion and adhesion-mediated signaling within stromal and non-stromal SCN have not been thoroughly studied. This review highlights common details or significant differences in cell-to-cell contacts within representative stromal and non-stromal niches that could unveil new standpoints for stem cell biology and therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Attenuated Notch signaling in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5349. [PMID: 29593239 PMCID: PMC5871764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and in adult brain homeostasis. We aimed to further investigate Notch pathway activity in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) by conducting a pathway analysis. We measured plasma levels of Notch ligands (DLL1 and DLK1) using enzyme immunoassays in a large sample of patients (SCZ n = 551, BD n = 246) and healthy controls (HC n = 639). We also determined Notch pathway related gene expression levels by microarray analyses from whole blood in a subsample (SCZ n = 338, BD n = 241 and HC n = 263). We found significantly elevated Notch ligand levels in plasma in both SCZ and BD compared to HC. Significant gene expression findings included increased levels of RFNG and KAT2B (p < 0.001), and decreased levels of PSEN1 and CREBBP in both patient groups (p < 0.001). RBPJ was significantly lower in SCZ vs HC (p < 0.001), and patients using lithium had higher levels of RBPJ (p < 0.001). We provide evidence of altered Notch signaling in both SCZ and BD compared to HC, and suggest that Notch signaling pathway may be disturbed in these disorders. Lithium may ameliorate aberrant Notch signaling. We propose that drugs targeting Notch pathway could be relevant in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kasper DM, Nicoli S. Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Factors Make a Mark on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018; 4:22-32. [PMID: 29910999 PMCID: PMC5999335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Blood specification is a highly dynamic process, whereby committed hemogenic endothelial cells (ECs) progressively transdifferentiate into multipotent, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Massive changes in gene expression must occur to switch cell identity, however the factors that mediate such an effect were a mystery until recently. This review summarizes the higher-order mechanisms involved in endothelial to hematopoietic reprogramming identified thus far. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence from mouse and zebrafish studies reveal that numerous chromatin-modifying (epigenetic) and RNA-modifying (epitranscriptomic) factors are required for the formation of HSCs from hemogenic endothelium. These genes function throughout the endothelial-hematopoietic transition, suggesting a dynamic interplay between 'epi'-machineries. SUMMARY Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation are key mechanisms for reshaping global EC gene expression patterns to those that support HSC production. Future studies that capture modification dynamics should bring us closer to a complete understanding of how HSCs transition from hemogenic endothelium at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionna M. Kasper
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Corresponding author:, ; Mailing address: Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 George St., Room 773K, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kasper DM, Nicoli S. Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Factors Make a Mark on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Wnt Signaling in Hematological Malignancies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:321-341. [PMID: 29389522 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma are a wide encompassing term for a diverse set of blood malignancies that affect people of all ages and result in approximately 23,000 deaths in the United States per year (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7-30.). Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells at the apex of the hierarchy that gives rise to all of the terminally differentiated blood cells, through progressively restricted progenitor populations, a process that is known to be Wnt-responsive. In particular, the progenitor populations are subject to uncontrolled expansion during oncogenic processes, namely the common myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor, as well as the myeloblast and lymphoblast. Unregulated growth of these cell-types leads to mainly three types of blood cancers (i.e., leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma), which frequently exhibit deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Generally, leukemia is caused by the expansion of myeloid progenitors, leading to an overproduction of white blood cells; as such, patients are unable to make sufficient numbers of red blood cells and platelets. Likewise, an overproduction of lymphocytes leads to clogging of the lymph system and impairment of the immune system in lymphomas. Finally, cancer of the plasma cells in the blood is called myeloma, which also leads to immune system failure. Within each of these three types of blood cancers, there are multiple subtypes, usually characterized by their timeline of onset and their cell type of origin. Of these, 85% of leukemias are encompassed by the four most common diseases, that is, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); AML accounts for the majority of leukemia-related deaths (Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66(1):7-30.). Through understanding how HSCs are normally developed and maintained, we can understand how the normal functions of these pathways are disrupted during blood cancer progression; the Wnt pathway is important in regulation of both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of Wnt signaling in normal and aberrant hematopoiesis. Our understanding the relationship between Wnt and HSCs will provide novel insights into therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bigas A, Porcheri C. Notch and Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:235-263. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
44
|
Emerging Roles of MTG16 in Cell-Fate Control of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6301385. [PMID: 29358956 PMCID: PMC5735743 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6301385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MTG16 (myeloid translocation gene on chromosome 16) and its related proteins, MTG8 and MTGR1, define a small family of transcriptional corepressors. These corepressors share highly conserved domain structures yet have distinct biological functions and tissue specificity. In vivo studies have shown that, of the three MTG corepressors, MTG16 is uniquely important for the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation and differentiation. Apart from this physiological function, MTG16 is also involved in carcinomas and leukemias, acting as the genetic target of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) aberrations in breast cancer and recurrent translocations in leukemia. The frequent involvement of MTG16 in these disease etiologies implies an important developmental role for this transcriptional corepressor. Furthermore, mounting evidence suggests that MTG16 indirectly alters the disease course of several leukemias via its regulatory interactions with a variety of pathologic fusion proteins. For example, a recent study has shown that MTG16 can repress not only wild-type E2A-mediated transcription, but also leukemia fusion protein E2A-Pbx1-mediated transcription, suggesting that MTG16 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing the E2A-Pbx1 fusion protein. Given that leukemia stem cells share similar regulatory pathways with normal HSPCs, studies to further understand how MTG16 regulates cell proliferation and differentiation could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for leukemia treatment.
Collapse
|
45
|
Perlin JR, Robertson AL, Zon LI. Efforts to enhance blood stem cell engraftment: Recent insights from zebrafish hematopoiesis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2817-2827. [PMID: 28830909 PMCID: PMC5626407 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important therapy for patients with a variety of hematological malignancies. HSCT would be greatly improved if patient-specific hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) could be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. There is an incomplete understanding of the genes and signals involved in HSC induction, migration, maintenance, and niche engraftment. Recent studies in zebrafish have revealed novel genes that are required for HSC induction and niche regulation of HSC homeostasis. Manipulation of these signaling pathways and cell types may improve HSC bioengineering, which could significantly advance critical, lifesaving HSCT therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Perlin
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anne L Robertson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): Cell Adhesion Receptors With Pleiotropic Functions in Cell Physiology and Development. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1529-1554. [PMID: 28931565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)-A, -B and -C are cell-cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily which are expressed by a variety of tissues, both during development and in the adult organism. Through their extracellular domains, they interact with other adhesion receptors on opposing cells. Through their cytoplasmic domains, they interact with PDZ domain-containing scaffolding and signaling proteins. In combination, these two properties regulate the assembly of signaling complexes at specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. The multitude of molecular interactions has enabled JAMs to adopt distinct cellular functions such as the regulation of cell-cell contact formation, cell migration, or mitotic spindle orientation. Not surprisingly, JAMs regulate diverse processes such as epithelial and endothelial barrier formation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system. This review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding of JAMs, including their characteristic structural features, their molecular interactions, their cellular functions, and their contribution to a multitude of processes during vertebrate development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Siebel C, Lendahl U. Notch Signaling in Development, Tissue Homeostasis, and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1235-1294. [PMID: 28794168 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily highly conserved signaling mechanism, but in contrast to signaling pathways such as Wnt, Sonic Hedgehog, and BMP/TGF-β, Notch signaling occurs via cell-cell communication, where transmembrane ligands on one cell activate transmembrane receptors on a juxtaposed cell. Originally discovered through mutations in Drosophila more than 100 yr ago, and with the first Notch gene cloned more than 30 yr ago, we are still gaining new insights into the broad effects of Notch signaling in organisms across the metazoan spectrum and its requirement for normal development of most organs in the body. In this review, we provide an overview of the Notch signaling mechanism at the molecular level and discuss how the pathway, which is architecturally quite simple, is able to engage in the control of cell fates in a broad variety of cell types. We discuss the current understanding of how Notch signaling can become derailed, either by direct mutations or by aberrant regulation, and the expanding spectrum of diseases and cancers that is a consequence of Notch dysregulation. Finally, we explore the emerging field of Notch in the control of tissue homeostasis, with examples from skin, liver, lung, intestine, and the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, California; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., DNA Way, South San Francisco, California; and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tian Y, Xu J, Feng S, He S, Zhao S, Zhu L, Jin W, Dai Y, Luo L, Qu JY, Wen Z. The first wave of T lymphopoiesis in zebrafish arises from aorta endothelium independent of hematopoietic stem cells. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3347-3360. [PMID: 28931624 PMCID: PMC5679161 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tian et al. demonstrate that, in addition to giving rise to hematopoietic stem cells, the ventral endothelium of aorta in zebrafish also directly converts to non–hematopoietic stem cell hematopoietic precursors capable of generating a transient wave of CD4 Tαβ lymphocytes. T lymphocytes are key cellular components of the adaptive immune system and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity in vertebrates. Despite their heterogeneities, it is believed that all different types of T lymphocytes are generated exclusively via the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using temporal–spatial resolved fate-mapping analysis and time-lapse imaging, here we show that the ventral endothelium in the zebrafish aorta–gonad–mesonephros and posterior blood island, the hematopoietic tissues previously known to generate HSCs and erythromyeloid progenitors, respectively, gives rise to a transient wave of T lymphopoiesis independent of HSCs. This HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis occurs early and generates predominantly CD4 Tαβ cells in the larval but not juvenile and adult stages, whereas HSC-dependent T lymphopoiesis emerges late and produces various subtypes of T lymphocytes continuously from the larval stage to adulthood. Our study unveils the existence, origin, and ontogeny of HSC-independent T lymphopoiesis in vivo and reveals the complexity of the endothelial-hematopoietic transition of the aorta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shachuan Feng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Sicong He
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shizheng Zhao
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wan Jin
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Dai
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lopez CK, Malinge S, Gaudry M, Bernard OA, Mercher T. Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: Multitasking Fusion Proteins and Oncogenic Cooperations. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:631-642. [PMID: 28867167 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric leukemia presents specific clinical and genetic features from adult leukemia but the underpinning mechanisms of transformation are still unclear. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is the malignant accumulation of progenitors of the megakaryocyte lineage that normally produce blood platelets. AMKL is diagnosed de novo, in patients showing a poor prognosis, or in Down syndrome (DS) patients with a better prognosis. Recent data show that de novo AMKL is primarily associated with chromosomal alterations leading to the expression of fusions between transcriptional regulators. This review highlights the most recurrent genetic events found in de novo pediatric AMKL patients and, based on recent functional analyses, proposes a mechanism of leukemogenesis common to de novo and DS-AMKL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Child
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/pathology
- Megakaryocytes/metabolism
- Megakaryocytes/pathology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile K Lopez
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Gaudry
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Targeted Disruption of TCF12 Reveals HEB as Essential in Human Mesodermal Specification and Hematopoiesis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:779-795. [PMID: 28803914 PMCID: PMC5599183 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells arise from mesoderm-derived hemogenic endothelium (HE) during embryogenesis in a process termed endothelial-hematopoietic transition (EHT). To better understand the gene networks that control this process, we investigated the role of the transcription factor HEB (TCF12) by disrupting the TCF12 gene locus in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and inducing them to differentiate toward hematopoietic outcomes. HEB-deficient hESCs retained key features of pluripotency, including expression of SOX2 and SSEA-4 and teratoma formation, while NANOG expression was reduced. Differentiation of HEB−/− hESCs toward hematopoietic fates revealed a severe defect in mesodermal development accompanied by decreased expression of regulators of mesoendodermal fate choices. We also identified independent defects in HE formation at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as a failure of T cell development. All defects were largely rescued by re-expression of HEB. Taken together, our results identify HEB as a critical regulator of human mesodermal and hematopoietic specification. Genome editing targeting TCF12 in hESCs to study human embryonic development HEB is required for NANOG and TGFβ signaling but not for hESC pluripotency Requirement for HEB in mesoderm development and pre-hematopoietic events HEB is required for expression of Notch1 and Runx1 in endothelial cells
Collapse
|