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Shimonosono M, Morimoto M, Hirose W, Tomita Y, Matsuura N, Flashner S, Ebadi MS, Okayasu EH, Lee CY, Britton WR, Martin C, Wuertz BR, Parikh AS, Sachdeva UM, Ondrey FG, Atigadda VR, Elmets CA, Abrams JA, Muir AB, Klein-Szanto AJ, Weinberg KI, Momen-Heravi F, Nakagawa H. Modeling Epithelial Homeostasis and Perturbation in Three-Dimensional Human Esophageal Organoids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1126. [PMID: 39334892 PMCID: PMC11430971 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal organoids from a variety of pathologies including cancer are grown in Advanced Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium-Nutrient Mixture F12 (hereafter ADF). However, the currently available ADF-based formulations are suboptimal for normal human esophageal organoids, limiting the ability to compare normal esophageal organoids with those representing a given disease state. Methods: We have utilized immortalized normal human esophageal epithelial cell (keratinocyte) lines EPC1 and EPC2 and endoscopic normal esophageal biopsies to generate three-dimensional (3D) organoids. To optimize the ADF-based medium, we evaluated the requirement of exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) and inhibition of transforming growth factor-(TGF)-β receptor-mediated signaling, both key regulators of the proliferation of human esophageal keratinocytes. We have modeled human esophageal epithelial pathology by stimulating esophageal 3D organoids with interleukin (IL)-13, an inflammatory cytokine, or UAB30, a novel pharmacological activator of retinoic acid signaling. Results: The formation of normal human esophageal 3D organoids was limited by excessive EGF and intrinsic TGFβ-receptor-mediated signaling. Optimized HOME0 improved normal human esophageal organoid formation. In the HOME0-grown organoids, IL-13 and UAB30 induced epithelial changes reminiscent of basal cell hyperplasia, a common histopathologic feature in broad esophageal disease conditions including eosinophilic esophagitis. Conclusions: HOME0 allows modeling of the homeostatic differentiation gradient and perturbation of the human esophageal epithelium while permitting a comparison of organoids from mice and other organs grown in ADF-based media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Wataru Hirose
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Yasuto Tomita
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Norihiro Matsuura
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Mesra S. Ebadi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Emilea H. Okayasu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Christian Y. Lee
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - William R. Britton
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Organoid & Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Beverly R. Wuertz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.R.W.); (F.G.O.)
| | - Anuraag S. Parikh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Frank G. Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (B.R.W.); (F.G.O.)
| | - Venkatram R. Atigadda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.R.A.); (C.A.E.)
| | - Craig A. Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.R.A.); (C.A.E.)
| | - Julian A. Abrams
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | | | - Kenneth I. Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Cancer Biology and Immunology Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (M.M.); (W.H.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (S.F.); (M.S.E.); (E.H.O.); (C.Y.L.); (W.R.B.); (C.M.); (A.S.P.); (J.A.A.); (F.M.-H.)
- Organoid & Cell Culture Core, Columbia University Digestive and Liver Diseases Research Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Enikeev AD, Abramov PM, Elkin DS, Komelkov AV, Beliaeva AA, Silantieva DM, Tchevkina EM. Opposite Effects of CRABP1 and CRABP2 Homologs on Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells and Their Sensitivity to Retinoic Acid. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2107-2124. [PMID: 38462454 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923120131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Resistance of tumor cells to retinoic acid (RA), a promising therapeutic agent, is the major factor limiting the use of RA in clinical practice. The mechanisms of resistance to RA are still poorly understood. Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Proteins, CRABP1 and CRABP2, are essential mediators of RA signaling, but role of the two CRABP homologs in regulating cellular sensitivity to RA has not been well studied. In addition, the effects of CRABP1 and CRABP2 on cell proliferation have not been compared. Here, using a broad panel of breast cancer cell lines with different levels of RA sensitivity/resistance, we show for the first time that in the RA-sensitive cells, CRABP1 expression is restricted by methylation, and protein levels are highly variable. In the moderately-RA-resistant cell lines, high level of CRABP1 is observed both at the mRNA and protein levels, unchanged by inhibition of DNA methylation. The cell lines with maximum resistance to RA are characterized by complete repression of CRABP1 expression realized at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, and exogenous expression of each of the CRABP homologs has no effect on the studied characteristics. CRABP1 and CRABP2 proteins have opposing effects on proliferation and sensitivity to RA. In particular, CRABP1 stimulates and CRABP2 reduces proliferation and resistance to RA in the initially RA-sensitive cells, while in the more resistant cells the role of each homolog in both of these parameters is reversed. Overall, we have shown for the first time that CRABP proteins exert different effects on the growth and sensitivity to RA of breast cancer cells (stimulation, suppression, or no effect) depending on the baseline level of RA-sensitivity, with the effects of CRABP1 and CRABP2 homologs on the studied properties always being opposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel D Enikeev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Pavel M Abramov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Danila S Elkin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Andrey V Komelkov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Beliaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Darya M Silantieva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Elena M Tchevkina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115522, Russia.
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Braun PR, Tanaka-Sahker M, Chan AC, Jellison SS, Klisares MJ, Hing BW, Shabbir Y, Gaul LN, Nagahama Y, Robles J, Heinzman JT, Sabbagh S, Cramer EM, Duncan GN, Yuki K, Close LN, Dlouhy BJ, Howard MA, Kawasaki H, Stein KM, Potash JB, Shinozaki G. Genome-wide DNA methylation investigation of glucocorticoid exposure within buccal samples. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:323-330. [PMID: 30821055 PMCID: PMC6561812 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Glucocorticoids play a major role in regulating the stress response, and an imbalance of glucocorticoids has been implicated in stress-related disorders. Within mouse models, CpGs across the genome have been shown to be differentially methylated in response to glucocorticoid treatment, and using the Infinium 27K array, it was shown that humans given synthetic glucocorticoids had DNA methylation (DNAm) changes in blood. However, further investigation of the extent to which glucocorticoids affect DNAm across a larger proportion of the genome is needed. METHODS Buccal samples were collected before and after synthetic glucocorticoid treatment in the context of a dental procedure. This included 30 tooth extraction surgery patients who received 10 mg of dexamethasone. Genome-wide DNAm was assessed with the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC array. RESULTS Five CpGs showed genome-wide significant DNAm changes that were >10%. These differentially methylated CpGs were in or nearest the following genes: ZNF438, KLHDC10, miR-544 or CRABP1, DPH5, and WDFY2. Using previously published datasets of human blood gene expression changes following dexamethasone exposure, a significant proportion of genes with false-discovery-rate-adjusted significant CpGs were also differentially expressed. A pathway analysis of the genes with false-discovery-rate-adjusted significant CpGs revealed significant enrichment of olfactory transduction, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. CONCLUSION High-dose synthetic glucocorticoid administration in the setting of a dental procedure was significantly associated with DNAm changes within buccal samples. These findings are consistent with prior findings of an influence of glucocorticoids on DNAm in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Braun
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mai Tanaka-Sahker
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Aubrey C Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Sydney S Jellison
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Mason J Klisares
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Benjamin W Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Yaseen Shabbir
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Lindsey N Gaul
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Yasunori Nagahama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Julian Robles
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Jonathan T Heinzman
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Sayeh Sabbagh
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ellyn M Cramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Gabrielle N Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kumi Yuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Liesl N Close
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Brian J Dlouhy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Matthew A Howard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Kyle M Stein
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Gen Shinozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Expression and clinical significance of CRABP1 and CRABP2 in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10295-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Kainov Y, Favorskaya I, Delektorskaya V, Chemeris G, Komelkov A, Zhuravskaya A, Trukhanova L, Zueva E, Tavitian B, Dyakova N, Zborovskaya I, Tchevkina E. CRABP1 provides high malignancy of transformed mesenchymal cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of mesenchymal and neuroendocrine tumors. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1530-9. [PMID: 24626200 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRABP1 (cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1) belongs to the family of fatty acid binding proteins. Retinoic acid binding is the only known functional activity of this protein. The role of CRABP1 in human carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, for the first time we demonstrated pro-metastatic and pro-tumorigenic activity of CRABP1 in mesenchymal tumors. Further functional analysis revealed that the pro-tumorigenic effect of CRABP1 does not depend on retinoic acid binding activity. These results suggest that CRABP1 could have an alternative intracellular functional activity that contributes to the high malignancy of transformed mesenchymal cells. Microarray analysis detected CRABP1-mediated alterations in the expression of about 100 genes, including those encoding key regulatory proteins. CRABP1 is ubiquitously expressed in monophasic synovial sarcomas, while in biphasic synovial sarcomas it is expressed uniquely by the spindle cells of the aggressive mesenchymal component. High level of CRABP1 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation/high grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Presented data suggest CRABP1 as a promising biomarker of pNETs' clinical behavior. Our results give the first evidence of pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic activity of CRABP1 in mesenchymal and neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elina Zueva
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center; Moscow, Russia
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Zhao KN, Masci PP, Chen J, Lavin MF. Calcium prevents retinoic acid-induced disruption of the spectrin-based cytoskeleton in keratinocytes through the Src/PI3K-p85α/AKT/PKCδ/β-adducin pathways. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Centre for Kidney Disease--Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Fu YS, Wang Q, Ma JX, Yang XH, Wu ML, Zhang KL, Kong QY, Chen XY, Sun Y, Chen NN, Shu XH, Li H, Liu J. CRABP-II methylation: a critical determinant of retinoic acid resistance of medulloblastoma cells. Mol Oncol 2011; 6:48-61. [PMID: 22153617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma cells exhibit varied responses to therapy by all-trans retinoic acid (RA). The underlying mechanism for such diverse effects however remains largely unclear. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the molecular basis of RA resistance through the study of RA signaling components in both RA-sensitive (Med-3) and RA-resistant (UW228-2 and UW228-3) medulloblastoma cells. The results revealed that RARα/β/γ and RXRα/β/γ were found in the three cell lines. Expression of CRABP-I and CRABP-II was seen in Med-3 cells, up-regulated when treated with RA, but was absent in UW228-2 and UW228-3 cells regardless of RA treatment. Bisulfite sequencing revealed 8 methylated CG sites at the promoter region of CRABP-II in UW228-2 and UW228-3 but not in Med-3 cells. Demethylation by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine recovered CRABP-II expression. Upon restoration of CRABP-II expression, both UW228-2 and UW228-3 cells responded to RA treatment by forming neuronal-like differentiation, synaptophysin expression, β-III tubulin upregulation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, CRABP-II specific siRNA reduced RA sensitivity in Med-3 cells. Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining showed variable CRABP-II expression patterns among 104 medulloblastoma cases, ranging from negative (42.3%), partly positive (14.4%) to positive (43.3%). CRABP-II expression was positively correlated with synaptophysin (rs = 0.317; p = 0.001) but not with CRABP-I expression (p > 0.05). In conclusion, aberrant methylation in CRABP-II reduces the expression of CRABP-II that in turn confers RA resistance in medulloblastoma cells. Determination of CRABP-II expression or methylation status may enable a personalized RA therapy in patients with medulloblastomas and other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shan Fu
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
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Fu L, Wang G, Shevchuk MM, Nanus DM, Gudas LJ. Generation of a mouse model of Von Hippel-Lindau kidney disease leading to renal cancers by expression of a constitutively active mutant of HIF1α. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6848-56. [PMID: 21908555 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal cancers are highly aggressive and clinically challenging, but a transgenic mouse model to promote pathologic studies and therapeutic advances has yet to be established. Here, we report the generation of a transgenic mouse model of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) renal cancer termed the TRACK model (transgenic model of cancer of the kidney). TRACK mice specifically express a mutated, constitutively active HIF1α in kidney proximal tubule (PT) cells. Kidney histologies displayed by TRACK mice are highly similar to histologies seen in patients with VHL disease, including areas of distorted tubular structure, cells with clear cytoplasm and increased glycogen and lipid deposition, multiple renal cysts, and early onset of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Distorted tubules in TRACK mice exhibit higher levels of CA-IX, Glut1, and VEGF than tubules in nontransgenic control mice. Furthermore, these tubules exhibit increased numbers of endothelial cells, increased cell proliferation, and increased expression of the human ccRCC marker CD70(TNFSF7). Moreover, PT cells in kidney tubules from TRACK mice exhibit increased genomic instability, as monitored by elevated levels of γH2AX. Our findings establish that activated HIF1α in murine kidney PT cells is sufficient to promote cell proliferation, angiogenesis, genomic instability, and other phenotypic alterations characteristic of human VHL kidney disease, establishing the TRACK mouse as a valid preclinical model of human renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiping Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Lee SA, Belyaeva OV, Wu L, Kedishvili NY. Retinol dehydrogenase 10 but not retinol/sterol dehydrogenase(s) regulates the expression of retinoic acid-responsive genes in human transgenic skin raft culture. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13550-60. [PMID: 21345790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.181065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid is essential for skin growth and differentiation, and its concentration in skin is controlled tightly. In humans, four different members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins were proposed to catalyze the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde). Epidermis contains at least three of these enzymes, but their relative importance for retinoic acid biosynthesis and regulation of gene expression during growth and differentiation of epidermis is not known. Here, we investigated the effect of the four human SDRs on retinoic acid biosynthesis, and their impact on growth and differentiation of keratinocytes using organotypic skin raft culture model of human epidermis. The results of this study demonstrate that ectopic expression of retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10, SDR16C4) in skin rafts dramatically increases proliferation and inhibits differentiation of keratinocytes, consistent with the increased steady-state levels of retinoic acid and activation of retinoic acid-inducible genes in RDH10 rafts. In contrast, SDRs with dual retinol/sterol substrate specificity, namely retinol dehydrogenase 4 (RoDH4, SDR9C8), RoDH-like 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (RL-HSD, SDR9C6), and RDH-like SDR (RDHL, SDR9C4) do not affect the expression of retinoic acid-inducible genes but alter the expression levels of several components of extracellular matrix. These results reveal essential differences in the metabolic contribution of RDH10 versus retinol/sterol dehydrogenases to retinoic acid biosynthesis and provide the first evidence that non-retinoid metabolic products of retinol/sterol dehydrogenases affect gene expression in human epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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Wang G, Badylak SF, Heber-Katz E, Braunhut SJ, Gudas LJ. The effects of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors on digit regeneration in mice. Regen Med 2010; 5:201-20. [PMID: 20210581 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
METHOD We injected two drugs that modify the epigenome, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), alone or in combination, into C57Bl/6 mice subjected to amputation through the mid-second phalanx of the third digit. Wound-site tissue was collected. RESULTS We observed increased staining of the stem cell markers Rex1 (Zfp42) and stem cell antigen-1 at digit amputation sites from drug-treated mice. Samples from 5-aza-dC plus TSA and TSA treated mice also showed increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, a measure of cell proliferation. Drug treatments increased Msx1, but not Cyp26a1 or ALDH1a2 (RALDH2) mRNA. CONCLUSION 5-aza-dC and TSA treatments stimulated cell proliferation at the amputation site, possibly via increased expression of genes involved in digit development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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11
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Tang XH, Su D, Albert M, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. Overexpression of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase in the epithelial basal layer makes mice more sensitive to oral cavity carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogen. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:1212-3. [PMID: 19471114 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.13.8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an enzyme that converts retinol (vitamin A) to retinyl esters. Its expression is often reduced in human cancers, including oral cavity cancers. We investigated the effects of ectopic expression of human lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) on murine oral cavity carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). We targeted human LRAT expression specifically to the basal layer of mouse skin and oral cavity epithelia by using a portion of the human cytokeratin 14 (K14) promoter. High levels of human LRAT transgene transcripts were detected in the tongues and skin of adult transgenic positive (TG+) mice, but not in transgenic negative (TG-) mice. The retinyl ester levels in skin of LRAT TG+ mice were 32% +/- 5.4% greater than those in TG- mice, and topical treatment of the back skin with retinol resulted in greater increases in retinyl esters (from 6.9- to 14.3-fold in different TG+ mice) in TG+ mouse skin than in TG- mouse skin (1.3 fold). While carcinogen (4-NQO) treatment induced multifocal precancerous and cancer lesions in the tongues of both TG positive (n=16) and negative mice (n=22), higher percentages of transgenic positive mice (62.5%) developed more severe tongue lesions (grades 3 and 4) than transgenic negative mice (24.8%) after 4-NQO treatment (p < 0.05). Carcinogen treatment also resulted in greater percentages of transgenic positive mouse tongues with hyperplasia (71.4%), dysplasia (85.7%, p < 0.05), and carcinoma (28.6%) than transgenic negative mouse tongues (53.3%, 46.7%, and 20%, respectively). Moreover, we observed higher cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and lower RARbeta(2) mRNA levels in TG+ mouse tongues as compared to TG- mouse tongues after 4-NQO treatment (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data show that overexpression of human LRAT specifically in oral basal epithelial cells makes these cells more sensitive to carcinogen induced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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Abstract
Topical retinoids are highly effective in the treatment of both comedonal and inflammatory lesions of acne and are a vital part of almost any acne regimen. A better understanding of the structure and function of this class of medications has led to better outcomes in treatments of patients with acne. In this article, the structure and function of retinoids is first reviewed. Then, the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of each of the available topical retinoid formulations is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Zaenglein
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Penn State/ M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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