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Kuwayama H, Kikuchi H, Kubohara Y. Derivatives of Differentiation-Inducing Factor 1 Differentially Control Chemotaxis and Stalk Cell Differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:873. [PMID: 37372157 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factors 1 and 2 (DIF-1 and DIF-2) are small lipophilic signal molecules that induce stalk cell differentiation but differentially modulate chemotaxis toward cAMP in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum; DIF-1 suppresses chemotactic cell movement in shallow cAMP gradients, whereas DIF-2 promotes it. The receptor(s) for DIF-1 and DIF-2 have not yet been identified. We examined the effects of nine derivatives of DIF-1 on chemotactic cell movement toward cAMP and compared their chemotaxis-modulating activity and stalk cell differentiation-inducing activity in wild-type and mutant strains. The DIF derivatives differentially affected chemotaxis and stalk cell differentiation; for example, TM-DIF-1 suppressed chemotaxis and showed poor stalk-inducing activity, DIF-1(3M) suppressed chemotaxis and showed strong stalk-inducing activity, and TH-DIF-1 promoted chemotaxis. These results suggest that DIF-1 and DIF-2 have at least three receptors: one for stalk cell induction and two for chemotaxis modulation. In addition, our results show that the DIF derivatives can be used to analyze the DIF-signaling pathways in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kuwayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai 270-1695, Japan
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Gurung R, Choong AM, Woo CC, Foo R, Sorokin V. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176334. [PMID: 32878347 PMCID: PMC7504666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the localized dilatation of the infra-renal aorta, in which the diameter exceeds 3.0 cm. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis and contribute to the progressive thinning of the media and adventitia of the aortic wall. With increasing AAA diameter, and left untreated, aortic rupture ensues with high mortality. Collective evidence of recent genetic and epigenetic studies has shown that phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) towards dedifferentiation and proliferative state, which associate with the ECM remodeling of the vascular wall and accompanied with increased cell senescence and inflammation, is seen in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. This review critically analyses existing publications on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the complex role of SMCs within the aortic wall in AAA formation and reflects the importance of SMCs plasticity in AAA formation. Although evidence from the wide variety of mouse models is convincing, how this knowledge is applied to human biology needs to be addressed urgently leveraging modern in vitro and in vivo experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Gurung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrew Mark Choong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
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Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H, Nguyen VH, Kuwayama H, Oshima Y. Evidence that differentiation-inducing factor-1 controls chemotaxis and cell differentiation, at least in part, via mitochondria in D. discoideum. Biol Open 2017; 6:741-751. [PMID: 28619991 PMCID: PMC5483011 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-1 [1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one (DIF-1)] is an important regulator of cell differentiation and chemotaxis in the development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum However, the entire signaling pathways downstream of DIF-1 remain to be elucidated. To characterize DIF-1 and its potential receptor(s), we synthesized two fluorescent derivatives of DIF-1, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-conjugated DIF-1 (DIF-1-BODIPY) and nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-conjugated DIF-1 (DIF-1-NBD), and investigated their biological activities and cellular localization. DIF-1-BODIPY (5 µM) and DIF-1 (2 nM) induced stalk cell differentiation in the DIF-deficient strain HM44 in the presence of cyclic adenosine monosphosphate (cAMP), whereas DIF-1-NBD (5 µM) hardly induced stalk cell differentiation under the same conditions. Microscopic analyses revealed that the biologically active derivative, DIF-1-BODIPY, was incorporated by stalk cells at late stages of differentiation and was localized to mitochondria. The mitochondrial uncouplers carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), at 25-50 nM, and dinitrophenol (DNP), at 2.5-5 µM, induced partial stalk cell differentiation in HM44 in the presence of cAMP. DIF-1-BODIPY (1-2 µM) and DIF-1 (10 nM), as well as CCCP and DNP, suppressed chemotaxis in the wild-type strain Ax2 in shallow cAMP gradients. These results suggest that DIF-1-BODIPY and DIF-1 induce stalk cell differentiation and modulate chemotaxis, at least in part, by disturbing mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan .,Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Van Hai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kuwayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Mesquita A, Cardenal-Muñoz E, Dominguez E, Muñoz-Braceras S, Nuñez-Corcuera B, Phillips BA, Tábara LC, Xiong Q, Coria R, Eichinger L, Golstein P, King JS, Soldati T, Vincent O, Escalante R. Autophagy in Dictyostelium: Mechanisms, regulation and disease in a simple biomedical model. Autophagy 2016; 13:24-40. [PMID: 27715405 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1226737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fast-moving field with an enormous impact on human health and disease. Understanding the complexity of the mechanism and regulation of this process often benefits from the use of simple experimental models such as the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Since the publication of the first review describing the potential of D. discoideum in autophagy, significant advances have been made that demonstrate both the experimental advantages and interest in using this model. Since our previous review, research in D. discoideum has shed light on the mechanisms that regulate autophagosome formation and contributed significantly to the study of autophagy-related pathologies. Here, we review these advances, as well as the current techniques to monitor autophagy in D. discoideum. The comprehensive bioinformatics search of autophagic proteins that was a substantial part of the previous review has not been revisited here except for those aspects that challenged previous predictions such as the composition of the Atg1 complex. In recent years our understanding of, and ability to investigate, autophagy in D. discoideum has evolved significantly and will surely enable and accelerate future research using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mesquita
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,b University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Elena Cardenal-Muñoz
- c Départment de Biochimie , Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève , Switzerland
| | - Eunice Dominguez
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain.,d Departamento de Genética Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , México
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Braceras
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Ben A Phillips
- e Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sheffield , UK
| | - Luis C Tábara
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Qiuhong Xiong
- f Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Roberto Coria
- d Departamento de Genética Molecular , Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , México
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- f Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Pierre Golstein
- g Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2 , Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille , France
| | - Jason S King
- e Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sheffield , UK
| | - Thierry Soldati
- c Départment de Biochimie , Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève , Switzerland
| | - Olivier Vincent
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
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Repnik U, Hafner Česen M, Turk B. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cell death: concepts and challenges. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:49-57. [PMID: 24984038 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Late endocytic compartments include late endosomes, lysosomes and hybrid organelles. In the acidic lumen, cargo material derived from endocytosed and phagocytosed extracellular material and autophagy-derived intracellular material is degraded. In the event of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), the function of endo/lysosomal compartment is affected and the luminal contents are released into the cytosol to various extents. LMP can be a result of osmotic lysis or direct membranolytic activity of the compounds that accumulate in the lumen of endo/lysosomes. In addition to several synthetic compounds, such as dipeptide methyl esters and lysosomotropic detergents, endogenous agents that can cause LMP include ROS and lipid metabolites such as sphingosine and phosphatidic acid. Depending on the cell type and the dose, LMP can initiate the lysosomal apoptotic pathway, pyroptosis or necrosis. LMP can also amplify cell death signaling that was initiated outside the endocytic compartment, and hamper cell recovery via autophagy. However, mechanisms that connect LMP with cell death signaling are poorly understood, with the exception of the proteolytic activation of Bid by aspartic cathepsin D and cysteine cathepsins. Determination of LMP in a cell model system is methodologically challenging. Even more difficult is to prove that LMP is the primary event leading to cell death. Nevertheless, LMP may prove to be a valuable approach in therapy, either as a trigger of cell death or as a mechanism of therapeutic drug release in the case of delivery systems that target the endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Repnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maruša Hafner Česen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Center of Excellence CIPKeBiP, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Loos B, Engelbrecht AM, Lockshin RA, Klionsky DJ, Zakeri Z. The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility: Unanswered questions. Autophagy 2013; 9:1270-85. [PMID: 23846383 PMCID: PMC4026026 DOI: 10.4161/auto.25560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagic machinery is implicated in a number of diseases such as heart disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. A common denominator in these pathologies is a dysregulation of autophagy that has been linked to a change in susceptibility to cell death. Although we have progressed in understanding the molecular machinery and regulation of the autophagic pathway, many unanswered questions remain. How does the metabolic contribution of autophagy connect with the cell’s history and how does its current autophagic flux affect metabolic status and susceptibility to undergo cell death? How does autophagic flux operate to switch metabolic direction and what are the underlying mechanisms in metabolite and energetic sensing, metabolite substrate provision and metabolic integration during the cellular stress response? In this article we focus on unresolved questions that address issues around the role of autophagy in sensing the energetic environment and its role in actively generating metabolite substrates. We attempt to provide answers by explaining how and when a change in autophagic pathway activity such as primary stress response is able to affect cell viability and when not. By addressing the dynamic metabolic relationship between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis we provide a new perspective on the parameters that connect autophagic activity, severity of injury and cellular history in a logical manner. Last, by evaluating the cell’s condition and autophagic activity in a clear context of regulatory parameters in the intra- and extracellular environment, this review provides new concepts that set autophagy into an energetic feedback loop, that may assist in our understanding of autophagy in maintaining healthy cells or when it controls the threshold between cell death and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stellenbosch; Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Ansari N, Hadi-Alijanvand H, Sabbaghian M, Kiaei M, Khodagholi F. Interaction of 2-APB, dantrolene, and TDMT with IP3R and RyR modulates ER stress-induced programmed cell death I and II in neuron-like PC12 cells: an experimental and computational investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1211-30. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.812520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kessler RL, Soares MJ, Probst CM, Krieger MA. Trypanosoma cruzi response to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: morphophysiological alterations leading to cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55497. [PMID: 23383204 PMCID: PMC3561218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi displays similarities to fungi in terms of its sterol lipid biosynthesis, as ergosterol and other 24-alkylated sterols are its principal endogenous sterols. The sterol pathway is thus a potential drug target for the treatment of Chagas disease. We describe here a comparative study of the growth inhibition, ultrastructural and physiological changes leading to the death of T. cruzi cells following treatment with the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) ketoconazole and lovastatin. We first calculated the drug concentration inhibiting epimastigote growth by 50% (EC(50)/72 h) or killing all cells within 24 hours (EC(100)/24 h). Incubation with inhibitors at the EC(50)/72 h resulted in interesting morphological changes: intense proliferation of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which was corroborated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of the parasites stained with rhodamine 123, and strong swelling of the reservosomes, which was confirmed by acridine orange staining. These changes to the mitochondria and reservosomes may reflect the involvement of these organelles in ergosterol biosynthesis or the progressive autophagic process culminating in cell lysis after 6 to 7 days of treatment with SBIs at the EC(50)/72 h. By contrast, treatment with SBIs at the EC(100)/24 h resulted in rapid cell death with a necrotic phenotype: time-dependent cytosolic calcium overload, mitochondrial depolarization and reservosome membrane permeabilization (RMP), culminating in cell lysis after a few hours of drug exposure. We provide the first demonstration that RMP constitutes the "point of no return" in the cell death cascade, and propose a model for the necrotic cell death of T. cruzi. Thus, SBIs trigger cell death by different mechanisms, depending on the dose used, in T. cruzi. These findings shed new light on ergosterol biosynthesis and the mechanisms of programmed cell death in this ancient protozoan parasite.
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Abstract
Much of our knowledge of molecular cellular functions is based on studies with a few number of model organisms that were established during the last 50 years. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is one such model, and has been particularly useful for the study of cell motility, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, endocytic vesicle traffic, cell adhesion, pattern formation, caspase-independent cell death, and, more recently, autophagy and social evolution. As nonmammalian model of human diseases D. discoideum is a newcomer, yet it has proven to be a powerful genetic and cellular model for investigating host-pathogen interactions and microbial infections, for mitochondrial diseases, and for pharmacogenetic studies. The D. discoideum genome harbors several homologs of human genes responsible for a variety of diseases, -including Chediak-Higashi syndrome, lissencephaly, mucolipidosis, Huntington disease, IBMPFD, and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. A few genes have already been studied, providing new insights on the mechanism of action of the encoded proteins and in some cases on the defect underlying the disease. The opportunities offered by the organism and its place among the nonmammalian models for human diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bozzaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
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Ashrafi G, Schwarz TL. The pathways of mitophagy for quality control and clearance of mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:31-42. [PMID: 22743996 PMCID: PMC3524633 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1161] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy of mitochondria, known as mitophagy, is an important mitochondrial quality control mechanism that eliminates damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy also mediates removal of mitochondria from developing erythrocytes, and contributes to maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA through the elimination of sperm-derived mitochondria. Recent studies have identified specific regulators of mitophagy that ensure selective sequestration of mitochondria as cargo. In yeast, the mitochondrial outer membrane protein autophagy-related gene 32 (ATG32) recruits the autophagic machinery to mitochondria, while mammalian Nix is required for degradation of erythrocyte mitochondria. The elimination of damaged mitochondria in mammals is mediated by a pathway comprised of PTEN-induced putative protein kinase 1 (PINK1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin. PINK1 and Parkin accumulate on damaged mitochondria, promote their segregation from the mitochondrial network, and target these organelles for autophagic degradation in a process that requires Parkin-dependent ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of the different pathways of mitophagy. In addition, we will discuss the relevance of these pathways in neurons where defects in mitophagy have been implicated in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ashrafi
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - T L Schwarz
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Andrews DT, Royse C, Royse AG. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in anaesthesia-triggered cellular protection during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40:46-70. [PMID: 22313063 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1204000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the most recent data in support of the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, how anaesthetic agents interact with this molecular channel, and the relevance this holds for current anaesthetic practice. Ischaemia results in damage to the electron transport chain of enzymes and sets into play the assembly of a non-specific mega-channel (the mPTP) that transgresses the inner mitochondrial membrane. During reperfusion, uncontrolled opening of the mPTP causes widespread depolarisation of the inner mitochondrial membrane, hydrolysis of ATP, mitochondrial rupture and eventual necrotic cell death. Similarly, transient opening of the mPTP during less substantial ischaemia leads to differential swelling of the intermembrane space compared to the mitochondrial matrix, rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane and release of pro-apoptotic factors into the cytosol. Recent data suggests that cellular protection from volatile anaesthetic agents follows specific downstream interactions with this molecular channel that are initiated early during anaesthesia. Intravenous anaesthetic agents also prevent the opening of the mPTP during reperfusion. Although by dissimilar mechanisms, both volatiles and propofol promote cell survival by preventing uncontrolled opening of the mPTP after ischaemia. It is now considered that anaesthetic-induced closure of the mPTP is the underlying effector mechanism that is responsible for the cytoprotection previously demonstrated in clinical studies investigating anaesthetic-mediated cardiac and neuroprotection. Manipulation of mPTP function offers a novel means of preventing ischaemic cell injury. Anaesthetic agents occupy a unique niche in the pharmacological armamentarium available for use in preventing cell death following ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Andrews
- Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Misericordiae Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Zhu H, Yoshimoto T, Imajo-Ohmi S, Dazortsava M, Mathivanan A, Yamashima T. Why are hippocampal CA1 neurons vulnerable but motor cortex neurons resistant to transient ischemia? J Neurochem 2012; 120:574-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Poiroux G, Pitié M, Culerrier R, Lafont E, Ségui B, Van Damme EJM, Peumans WJ, Bernadou J, Levade T, Rougé P, Barre A, Benoist H. Targeting of T/Tn antigens with a plant lectin to kill human leukemia cells by photochemotherapy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23315. [PMID: 21858067 PMCID: PMC3157357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemotherapy is used both for solid tumors and in extracorporeal treatment of various hematologic disorders. Nevertheless, its development in oncology remains limited, because of the low selectivity of photosensitizers (PS) towards human tumor cells. To enhance PS efficiency, we recently covalently linked a porphyrin (TrMPyP) to a plant lectin (Morniga G), known to recognize with high affinity tumor-associated T and Tn antigens. The conjugation allowed a quick uptake of PS by Tn-positive Jurkat leukemia cells and efficient PS-induced phototoxicity. The present study was performed: (i) to evaluate the targeting potential of the conjugate towards tumor and normal cells and its phototoxicity on various leukemia cells, (ii) to investigate the mechanism of conjugate-mediated cell death. The conjugate: (i) strongly increased (×1000) the PS phototoxicity towards leukemic Jurkat T cells through an O-glycan-dependent process; (ii) specifically purged tumor cells from a 1∶1 mixture of Jurkat leukemia (Tn-positive) and healthy (Tn-negative) lymphocytes, preserving the activation potential of healthy lymphocytes; (iii) was effective against various leukemic cell lines with distinct phenotypes, as well as fresh human primary acute and chronic lymphoid leukemia cells; (iv) induced mostly a caspase-independent cell death, which might be an advantage as tumor cells often resist caspase-dependent cell death. Altogether, the present observations suggest that conjugation with plant lectins can allow targeting of photosensitizers towards aberrant glycosylation of tumor cells, e.g. to purge leukemia cells from blood and to preserve the normal leukocytes in extracorporeal photochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Poiroux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1037, Equipe 4, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR UPS-CNRS 5546, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marguerite Pitié
- Centre National de la Recherhce Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Culerrier
- Université de Toulouse, UMR UPS-CNRS 5546, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1037, Equipe 4, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1037, Equipe 4, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willy J. Peumans
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean Bernadou
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Centre National de la Recherhce Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1037, Equipe 4, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Université de Toulouse, UMR UPS-CNRS 5546, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Annick Barre
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UMR UPS-CNRS 5546, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hervé Benoist
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1037, Equipe 4, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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15
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McCall K. Genetic control of necrosis - another type of programmed cell death. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2011; 22:882-8. [PMID: 20889324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis has been thought to be an accidental or uncontrolled type of cell death rather than programmed. Recent studies from diverse organisms show that necrosis follows a stereotypical series of cellular and molecular events: swelling of organelles, increases in reactive oxygen species and cytoplasmic calcium, a decrease in ATP, activation of calpain and cathepsin proteases, and finally rupture of organelles and plasma membrane. Genetic and chemical manipulations demonstrate that necrosis can be inhibited, indicating that necrosis can indeed be controlled and follows a specific 'program.' This review highlights recent findings from C. elegans, yeast, Dictyostelium, Drosophila, and mammals that collectively provide evidence for conserved mechanisms of necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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16
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Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T, Vanlangenakker N, Buettner S, Eisenberg T, Vandenabeele P, Madeo F, Kroemer G. Programmed necrosis from molecules to health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 289:1-35. [PMID: 21749897 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386039-2.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, cell death researchers have witnessed a gradual but deep conceptual revolution: it has been unequivocally shown that necrosis, which for long had been considered as a purely accidental cell death mode, can also be induced by finely regulated signal transduction pathways. In particular, when caspases are inhibited by pharmacological or genetic means, the ligation of death receptors such as the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) can lead to the assembly of a supramolecular complex containing the receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3) that delivers a pronecrotic signal. Such complex has recently been dubbed necrosome and mediates the execution of a specific instance of regulated necrosis, necroptosis. Soon, it turned out that programmed necrosis occurs in nonmammalian model organisms and that it is implicated in human diseases including ischemia and viral infection. In this review, we first describe the historical evolution of the concept of programmed necrosis and the molecular mechanisms that underlie necroptosis initiation and execution. We then provide evidence suggesting that necroptosis represents an ancient and evolutionarily conserved cell death modality that may be targeted for drug development.
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17
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Abstract
A canonical regulatory pathway involving the members of the Bcl-2 and caspase families has been established to regulate developmental apoptosis in nematodes and flies. However, mutant mice that have major deficiencies in this apoptosis pathway show only relatively minor developmental defects. Recent revelations indicate that multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating cell death during mammalian development, tissue homeostasis, and pathological cell loss. Here, we critically evaluate the evidence demonstrating the existence of alternative cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis of lower organisms in the absence of canonical apoptosis mediators, autophagic cell death, necroptosis, elimination by shedding, keratinocyte death by cornification, and cell-cell cannibalism by entosis. The physiological relevance of alternative cell death mechanisms as primary and backup mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) occurs widely in species from every kingdom of life. It has been shown to be an integral aspect of development in multicellular organisms, and it is an essential component of the immune response to infectious agents. An analysis of the phylogenetic origin of PCD now shows that it evolved independently several times, and it is fundamental to basic cellular physiology. Undoubtedly, PCD pervades all life at every scale of analysis. These considerations provide a backdrop for understanding the complexity of intertwined, but independent, cell death programs that operate within the immune system. In particular, the contributions of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis in the resolution of an immune response are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Hedrick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, USA.
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19
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Giusti C, Luciani MF, Ravens S, Gillet A, Golstein P. Autophagic cell death in Dictyostelium requires the receptor histidine kinase DhkM. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:1825-35. [PMID: 20375146 PMCID: PMC2877641 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-11-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Through random mutagenesis, the receptor histidine kinase DhkM was found essential for autophagic cell death (ACD) in Dictyostelium. DhkM is the most downstream known molecule required for this model ACD. Different DhkM mutants showed distinct non-vacuolizing ACD phenotypes and genetically separated previously undissociated late cell death events. Dictyostelium constitutes a genetically tractable model for the analysis of autophagic cell death (ACD). During ACD, Dictyostelium cells first transform into paddle cells and then become round, synthesize cellulose, vacuolize, and die. Through random insertional mutagenesis, we identified the receptor histidine kinase DhkM as being essential for ACD. Surprisingly, different DhkM mutants showed distinct nonvacuolizing ACD phenotypes. One class of mutants arrested ACD at the paddle cell stage, perhaps through a dominant-negative effect. Other mutants, however, progressed further in the ACD program. They underwent rounding and cellulose synthesis but stopped before vacuolization. Moreover, they underwent clonogenic but not morphological cell death. Exogenous 8-bromo-cAMP restored vacuolization and death. A role for a membrane receptor at a late stage of the ACD pathway is puzzling, raising questions as to which ligand it is a receptor for and which moieties it phosphorylates. Together, DhkM is the most downstream-known molecule required for this model ACD, and its distinct mutants genetically separate previously undissociated late cell death events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Giusti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille F-13288, France
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20
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Signaling mechanisms of apoptosis-like programmed cell death in unicellular eukaryotes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 155:341-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Yang J, Takahashi Y, Cheng E, Liu J, Terranova PF, Zhao B, Thrasher JB, Wang HG, Li B. GSK-3beta promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagy and cell death. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:861-70. [PMID: 20159967 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.060475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) is constantly active in cells and its activity increases after serum deprivation, indicating that GSK-3beta might play a major role in cell survival under serum starvation. In this study, we attempted to determine how GSK-3beta promotes cell survival after serum depletion. Under full culture conditions (10% FBS), GSK-3beta inhibition with chemical inhibitors or siRNAs failed to induce cell death in human prostate cancer cells. By contrast, under conditions of serum starvation, a profound necrotic cell death was observed as evidenced by cellular morphologic features and biochemical markers. Further analysis revealed that GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced cell death was in parallel with an extensive autophagic response. Interestingly, blocking the autophagic response switched GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced necrosis to apoptotic cell death. Finally, GSK-3beta inhibition resulted in a remarkable elevation of Bif-1 protein levels, and silencing Bif-1 expression abrogated GSK-3beta-inhibition-induced autophagic response and cell death. Taken together, our study suggests that GSK-3beta promotes cell survival by modulating Bif-1-dependent autophagic response and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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22
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Turk B, Turk V. Lysosomes as "suicide bags" in cell death: myth or reality? J Biol Chem 2009; 284:21783-21787. [PMID: 19473965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r109.023820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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23
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Giusti C, Tresse E, Luciani MF, Golstein P. Autophagic cell death: analysis in Dictyostelium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1793:1422-31. [PMID: 19133302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagic cell death (ACD) can be operationally described as cell death with an autophagic component. While most molecular bases of this autophagic component are known, in ACD the mechanism of cell death proper is not well defined, in particular because in animal cells there is poor experimental distinction between what triggers autophagy and what triggers ACD. Perhaps as a consequence, it is often thought that in animal cells a little autophagy is protective while a lot is destructive and leads to ACD, thus that the shift from autophagy to ACD is quantitative. The aim of this article is to review current knowledge on ACD in Dictyostelium, a very favorable model, with emphasis on (1) the qualitative, not quantitative nature of the shift from autophagy to ACD, in contrast to the above, and (2) random or targeted mutations of in particular the following genes: iplA (IP3R), TalB (talinB), DcsA (cellulose synthase), GbfA, ugpB, glcS (glycogen synthase) and atg1. These mutations allowed the genetic dissection of ACD features, dissociating in particular vacuolisation from cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Giusti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U631, CNRS UMR6102, Case 906, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille F-13288, France
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