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Li Q, van der Wijst MG, Kazemier HG, Rots MG, Roelfes G. Efficient nuclear DNA cleavage in human cancer cells by synthetic bleomycin mimics. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1044-51. [PMID: 24527883 DOI: 10.1021/cb500057n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron complexes of N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)-methylamine (N4Py) have proven to be excellent synthetic mimics of the Bleomycins (BLMs), which are a family of natural antibiotics used clinically in the treatment of certain cancers. However, most investigations of DNA cleavage activity of these and related metal complexes were carried out in cell-free systems using plasmid DNA as substrate. The present study evaluated nuclear DNA cleavage activity and cell cytotoxicity of BLM and its synthetic mimics based on the ligand N4Py. The N4Py-based reagents induced nuclear DNA cleavage in living cells as efficiently as BLM and Fe(II)-BLM. Treatment of 2 cancer cell lines and 1 noncancerous cell line indicated improved cytotoxicity of N4Py when compared to BLM. Moreover, some level of selectivity was observed for N4Py on cancerous versus noncancerous cells. It was demonstrated that N4Py-based reagents and BLM induce cell death via different mechanistic pathways. BLM was shown to induce cell cycle arrest, ultimately resulting in mitotic catastrophe. In contrast, N4Py-based reagents were shown to induce apoptosis effectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first demonstration of efficient nuclear DNA cleavage activity of a synthetic BLM mimic within cells. The results presented here show that it is possible to design synthetic bioinorganic model complexes that are at least as active as the parent natural product and thereby are potentially interesting alternatives for BLM to induce antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique G.P. van der Wijst
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713
GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hinke G. Kazemier
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713
GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne G. Rots
- Department
of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713
GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Yanik M, Alzubi J, Lahaye T, Cathomen T, Pingoud A, Wende W. TALE-PvuII fusion proteins--novel tools for gene targeting. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82539. [PMID: 24349308 PMCID: PMC3857828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) consist of zinc fingers as DNA-binding module and the non-specific DNA-cleavage domain of the restriction endonuclease FokI as DNA-cleavage module. This architecture is also used by TALE nucleases (TALENs), in which the DNA-binding modules of the ZFNs have been replaced by DNA-binding domains based on transcription activator like effector (TALE) proteins. Both TALENs and ZFNs are programmable nucleases which rely on the dimerization of FokI to induce double-strand DNA cleavage at the target site after recognition of the target DNA by the respective DNA-binding module. TALENs seem to have an advantage over ZFNs, as the assembly of TALE proteins is easier than that of ZFNs. Here, we present evidence that variant TALENs can be produced by replacing the catalytic domain of FokI with the restriction endonuclease PvuII. These fusion proteins recognize only the composite recognition site consisting of the target site of the TALE protein and the PvuII recognition sequence (addressed site), but not isolated TALE or PvuII recognition sites (unaddressed sites), even at high excess of protein over DNA and long incubation times. In vitro, their preference for an addressed over an unaddressed site is > 34,000-fold. Moreover, TALE-PvuII fusion proteins are active in cellula with minimal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Yanik
- Institute for Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jamal Alzubi
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lahaye
- ZMBP – General Genetics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Pingoud
- Institute for Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wende
- Institute for Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Shi X, Zhang X, Xia T, Fang X. Living cell study at the single-molecule and single-cell levels by atomic force microscopy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1625-37. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been emerging as a multifunctional molecular tool in nanobiology and nanomedicine. This review summarizes the recent advances in AFM study of living mammalian cells at the single-molecule and single-cell levels. Besides nanoscale imaging of cell membrane structure, AFM-based force measurements on living cells are mainly discussed. These include the development and application of single-molecule force spectroscopy to investigate ligand–receptor binding strength and dissociation dynamics, and the characterization of cell mechanical properties in a physiological environment. Molecular manipulation of cells by AFM to change the cellular process is also described. Living-cell AFM study offers a new approach to understand the molecular mechanisms of cell function, disease development and drug effect, as well as to develop new strategies to achieve single-cell-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North First Street, 100190 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North First Street, 100190 Beijing, PR China
| | - Tie Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North First Street, 100190 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 Zhongguancun North First Street, 100190 Beijing, PR China
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Zhukhlistova NE, Balaev VV, Lyashenko AV, Lashkov AA. Structural aspects of catalytic mechanisms of endonucleases and their binding to nucleic acids. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774512030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Marschall ALJ, Frenzel A, Schirrmann T, Schüngel M, Dübel S. Targeting antibodies to the cytoplasm. MAbs 2011; 3:3-16. [PMID: 21099369 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.1.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of research consortia are now focused on generating antibodies and recombinant antibody fragments that target the human proteome. A particularly valuable application for these binding molecules would be their use inside a living cell, e.g., for imaging or functional intervention. Animal-derived antibodies must be brought into the cell through the membrane, whereas the availability of the antibody genes from phage display systems allows intracellular expression. Here, the various technologies to target intracellular proteins with antibodies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L J Marschall
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Braunschweig, Germany
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Chiang WC, Geel TM, Altintas MM, Sever S, Ruiters MHJ, Reiser J. Establishment of protein delivery systems targeting podocytes. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11837. [PMID: 20686602 PMCID: PMC2912276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podocytes are uniquely structured cells that are critical to the kidney filtration barrier. Their anatomic location on the outer side of the glomerular capillaries expose podocytes to large quantities of both plasma and urinary components and thus are reachable for drug delivery. Recent years have made clear that interference with podocyte-specific disease pathways can modulate glomerular function and influence severity and progression of glomerular disease. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we describe studies that show efficient transport of proteins into the mammalian cells mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and podocytes, utilizing an approach termed profection. We are using synthetic lipid structures that allow the safe packing of proteins or antibodies resulting in the subsequent delivery of protein into the cell. The uptake of lipid coated protein is facilitated by the intrinsic characteristic of cells such as podocytes to engulf particles that are physiologically retained in the extracellular matrix. Profection of the restriction enzyme MunI in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts caused an increase in DNA degradation. Moreover, purified proteins such as β-galactosidase and the large GTPase dynamin could be profected into podocytes using two different profection reagents with the success rate of 95–100%. The delivered β-galactosidase enzyme was properly folded and able to cleave its substrate X-gal in podocytes. Diseased podocytes are also potential recipients of protein cargo as we also delivered fluorophore labeled IgG into puromycin treated podocytes. We are currently optimizing our protocol for in vivo profection. Conclusions Protein transfer is developing as an exciting tool to study and target highly differentiated cells such as podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chih Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tessa M. Geel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehmet M. Altintas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sanja Sever
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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