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Koval LE, Carberry CK, Kim YH, McDermott E, Hartwell H, Jaspers I, Gilmour MI, Rager JE. Wildfire Variable Toxicity: Identifying Biomass Smoke Exposure Groupings through Transcriptomic Similarity Scoring. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:17131-17142. [PMID: 36399130 PMCID: PMC10777820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of wildfires continues to grow globally with exposures resulting in increased disease risk. Characterizing these health risks remains difficult due to the wide landscape of exposures that can result from different burn conditions and fuel types. This study tested the hypothesis that biomass smoke exposures from variable fuels and combustion conditions group together based on similar transcriptional response profiles, informing which wildfire-relevant exposures may be considered as a group for health risk evaluations. Mice (female CD-1) were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to equal mass biomass smoke condensates produced from flaming or smoldering burns of eucalyptus, peat, pine, pine needles, or red oak species. Lung transcriptomic signatures were used to calculate transcriptomic similarity scores across exposures, which informed exposure groupings. Exposures from flaming peat, flaming eucalyptus, and smoldering eucalyptus induced the greatest responses, with flaming peat grouping with the pro-inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide. Smoldering red oak and smoldering peat induced the least transcriptomic response. Groupings paralleled pulmonary toxicity markers, though they were better substantiated by higher data dimensionality and resolution provided through -omic-based evaluation. Interestingly, groupings based on smoke chemistry signatures differed from transcriptomic/toxicity-based groupings. Wildfire-relevant exposure groupings yield insights into risk assessment strategies to ultimately protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Koval
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Elena McDermott
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Hadley Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
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Hoffmann F, Bolz S, Junger K, Klose F, Schubert T, Woerz F, Boldt K, Ueffing M, Beyer T. TTC30A and TTC30B Redundancy Protects IFT Complex B Integrity and Its Pivotal Role in Ciliogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071191. [PMID: 35885974 PMCID: PMC9319246 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a microtubule-based system that supports the assembly and maintenance of cilia. The dysfunction of IFT leads to ciliopathies of variable severity. Two of the IFT-B components are the paralogue proteins TTC30A and TTC30B. To investigate whether these proteins constitute redundant functions, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate single TTC30A or B and double-knockout hTERT-RPE1 cells. Ciliogenesis assays showed the redundancy of both proteins while the polyglutamylation of cilia was affected in single knockouts. The localization of other IFT components was not affected by the depletion of a single paralogue. A loss of both proteins led to a severe ciliogenesis defect, resulting in no cilia formation, which was rescued by TTC30A or B. The redundancy can be explained by the highly similar interaction patterns of the paralogues; both equally interact with the IFT-B machinery. Our study demonstrates that a loss of one TTC30 paralogue can mostly be compensated by the other, thus preventing severe ciliary defects. However, cells assemble shorter cilia, which are potentially limited in their function, especially because of impaired polyglutamylation. A complete loss of both proteins leads to a deficit in IFT complex B integrity followed by disrupted IFT and subsequently no cilia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hoffmann
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Sylvia Bolz
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Katrin Junger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Franziska Klose
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Timm Schubert
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Woerz
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
| | - Tina Beyer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.H.); (S.B.); (K.J.); (F.K.); (T.S.); (F.W.); (K.B.); (M.U.)
- Correspondence:
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Park K, Li C, Tsiropoulou S, Gonçalves J, Kondratev C, Pelletier L, Blacque OE, Leroux MR. CDKL kinase regulates the length of the ciliary proximal segment. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2359-2373.e7. [PMID: 33857430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are organelles found throughout most unicellular eukaryotes and different metazoan cell types. To accomplish their essential roles in cell motility, fluid flow, and signaling, cilia are divided into subcompartments with variable structures, compositions, and functions. How these specific subcompartments are built remains almost completely unexplored. Here, we show that C. elegans CDKL-1, related to the human CDKL kinase family (CDKL1/CDKL2/CDKL3/CDKL4/CDKL5), specifically controls the length of the proximal segment, a ciliary subdomain conserved in evolution from Tetrahymena motile cilia to C. elegans chemosensory, mammalian olfactory, and photoreceptor non-motile cilia. CDKL-1 associates with intraflagellar transport (IFT), influences the distribution of the IFT anterograde motors heterotrimeric kinesin-II and homodimeric OSM-3-kinesin/KIF17 in the proximal segment, and shifts the boundary between the proximal and distal segments (PS/DS boundary). CDKL-1 appears to function independently from several factors that influence cilium length, namely the kinases DYF-5 (mammalian CILK1/MAK) and NEKL-1 (NEK9), as well as the depolymerizing kinesins KLP-13 (KIF19) and KLP-7 (KIF2). However, a different kinase, DYF-18 (CCRK), is needed for the correct localization and function of CDKL-1 and similarly influences the length of the proximal segment. Loss of CDKL-1, which affects proximal segment length without impairing overall ciliary microtubule structural integrity, also impairs cilium-dependent processes, namely cGMP-signaling-dependent body length control and CO2 avoidance. Collectively, our findings suggest that cilium length is regulated by various pathways and that the IFT-associated kinase CDKL-1 is essential for the construction of a specific ciliary compartment and contributes to development and sensory physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjin Park
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sofia Tsiropoulou
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - João Gonçalves
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Christine Kondratev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Vitre B, Guesdon A, Delaval B. Non-ciliary Roles of IFT Proteins in Cell Division and Polycystic Kidney Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578239. [PMID: 33072760 PMCID: PMC7536321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are small organelles present at the surface of most differentiated cells where they act as sensors for mechanical or biochemical stimuli. Cilia assembly and function require the Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) machinery, an intracellular transport system that functions in association with microtubules and motors. If IFT proteins have long been studied for their ciliary roles, recent evidences indicate that their functions are not restricted to the cilium. Indeed, IFT proteins are found outside the ciliary compartment where they are involved in a variety of cellular processes in association with non-ciliary motors. Recent works also provide evidence that non-ciliary roles of IFT proteins could be responsible for the development of ciliopathies related phenotypes including polycystic kidney diseases. In this review, we will discuss the interactions of IFT proteins with microtubules and motors as well as newly identified non-ciliary functions of IFT proteins, focusing on their roles in cell division. We will also discuss the potential contribution of non-ciliary IFT proteins functions to the etiology of kidney diseases.
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Abstract
In the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, the IFT-B and IFT-A complexes mediate anterograde and retrograde ciliary protein trafficking, respectively. Among the 16 subunits of the IFT-B complex, several subunits are essential for ciliogenesis, whereas others, which are associated peripherally with the complex, are dispensable for ciliogenesis but play a role in protein trafficking. IFT22-knockout (KO) cells established in this study demonstrated no defects in ciliogenesis or ciliary protein trafficking. In stark contrast, IFT70A and IFT70B double-knockout cells did not form cilia, even though IFT70 is associated peripherally with the IFT-B complex via the IFT52–IFT88 dimer, and other IFT-B subunits assembled at the ciliary base in the absence of IFT70. Exogenous expression of either IFT70A or IFT70B restored the ciliogenesis defect of IFT70-KO cells, indicating their redundant roles. IFT70 has 15 consecutive tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) followed by a short helix (α36). Deletion of the first TPR or α36 of IFT70A greatly reduced its ability to interact with the IFT52–IFT88 dimer. Exogenous expression of any of the IFT70A deletion mutants in IFT70-KO cells could not restore ciliogenesis. These results show that IFT70 plays an essential role in ciliogenesis, although it is dispensable for assembly of the residual IFT-B subunits. Summary: IFT70 is a subunit of the IFT-B complex involved in anterograde trafficking of ciliary proteins, including tubulins. IFT70-knockout cells failed to form cilia, indicating its essential role in tubulin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Takei
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Prevo B, Scholey JM, Peterman EJG. Intraflagellar transport: mechanisms of motor action, cooperation, and cargo delivery. FEBS J 2017; 284:2905-2931. [PMID: 28342295 PMCID: PMC5603355 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a form of motor-dependent cargo transport that is essential for the assembly, maintenance, and length control of cilia, which play critical roles in motility, sensory reception, and signal transduction in virtually all eukaryotic cells. During IFT, anterograde kinesin-2 and retrograde IFT dynein motors drive the bidirectional transport of IFT trains that deliver cargo, for example, axoneme precursors such as tubulins as well as molecules of the signal transduction machinery, to their site of assembly within the cilium. Following its discovery in Chlamydomonas, IFT has emerged as a powerful model system for studying general principles of motor-dependent cargo transport and we now appreciate the diversity that exists in the mechanism of IFT within cilia of different cell types. The absence of heterotrimeric kinesin-2 function, for example, causes a complete loss of both IFT and cilia in Chlamydomonas, but following its loss in Caenorhabditis elegans, where its primary function is loading the IFT machinery into cilia, homodimeric kinesin-2-driven IFT persists and assembles a full-length cilium. Generally, heterotrimeric kinesin-2 and IFT dynein motors are thought to play widespread roles as core IFT motors, whereas homodimeric kinesin-2 motors are accessory motors that mediate different functions in a broad range of cilia, in some cases contributing to axoneme assembly or the delivery of signaling molecules but in many other cases their ciliary functions, if any, remain unknown. In this review, we focus on mechanisms of motor action, motor cooperation, and motor-dependent cargo delivery during IFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Prevo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Scholey
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Funabashi T, Katoh Y, Michisaka S, Terada M, Sugawa M, Nakayama K. Ciliary entry of KIF17 is dependent on its binding to the IFT-B complex via IFT46-IFT56 as well as on its nuclear localization signal. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:624-633. [PMID: 28077622 PMCID: PMC5328621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ciliary kinesin KIF17 is a cargo, but not a motor, of the IFT-B complex. The ciliary entry of KIF17 through the transition zone depends on its binding to IFT-B, as well as on its nuclear localization signal. Cilia function as cellular antennae to sense and transduce extracellular signals. A number of proteins are specifically localized in cilia. Anterograde and retrograde ciliary protein trafficking are mediated by the IFT-B and IFT-A complexes in concert with kinesin-2 and dynein-2 motors, respectively. However, the role of KIF17, a homodimeric kinesin-2 protein, in protein trafficking has not been fully understood in vertebrate cilia. In this study, we demonstrated, by using the visible immunoprecipitation assay, that KIF17 interacts with the IFT46–IFT56 dimer in the IFT-B complex through its C-terminal sequence located immediately upstream of the nuclear localization signal (NLS). We then showed that KIF17 reaches the ciliary tip independently of its motor domain and requires IFT-B binding for its entry into cilia rather than for its intraciliary trafficking. We further showed that KIF17 ciliary entry depends not only on its binding to IFT-B but also on its NLS, to which importin α proteins bind. Taking the results together, we conclude that in mammalian cells, KIF17 is dispensable for ciliogenesis and IFT-B trafficking but requires IFT-B, as well as its NLS, for its ciliary entry across the permeability barrier located at the ciliary base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Funabashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Michisaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Terada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Maho Sugawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved organelles that protrude from the cell surface. The unique location and properties of cilia allow them to function in vital processes such as motility and signaling. Ciliary assembly and maintenance rely on intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bidirectional movement of a multicomponent transport system between the ciliary base and tip. Since its initial discovery more than two decades ago, considerable effort has been invested in dissecting the molecular mechanisms of IFT in a variety of model organisms. Importantly, IFT was shown to be essential for mammalian development, and defects in this process cause a number of human pathologies known as ciliopathies. Here, we review current knowledge of IFT with a particular emphasis on the IFT machinery and specific mechanisms of ciliary cargo recognition and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taschner
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Leaf A, Von Zastrow M. Dopamine receptors reveal an essential role of IFT-B, KIF17, and Rab23 in delivering specific receptors to primary cilia. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26182404 PMCID: PMC4547097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate physiological signaling by primary cilia depends on the specific targeting of particular receptors to the ciliary membrane, but how this occurs remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that D1-type dopaminergic receptors are delivered to cilia from the extra-ciliary plasma membrane by a mechanism requiring the receptor cytoplasmic tail, the intraflagellar transport complex-B (IFT-B), and ciliary kinesin KIF17. This targeting mechanism critically depends on Rab23, a small guanine nucleotide binding protein that has important effects on physiological signaling from cilia but was not known previously to be essential for ciliary delivery of any cargo. Depleting Rab23 prevents dopamine receptors from accessing the ciliary membrane. Conversely, fusion of Rab23 to a non-ciliary receptor is sufficient to drive robust, nucleotide-dependent mis-localization to the ciliary membrane. Dopamine receptors thus reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of ciliary receptor targeting and functional role of Rab23 in promoting this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Leaf
- Program in Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Mark Von Zastrow
- Program in Cell Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Hu Z, Liang Y, Meng D, Wang L, Pan J. Microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins in the regulation of assembly, disassembly, and length of cilia and flagella. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2015; 317:241-65. [PMID: 26008787 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Defects in ciliary assembly, maintenance, and signaling are associated with various human diseases and developmental disorders, termed ciliopathies. Eukaryotic flagella and cilia (interchangeable terms) are microtubule-based organelles. Thus, microtubule dynamics and microtubule-dependent transport are predicted to affect the structural integrity and functionality of cilia profoundly. Kinesin-2 is well known for its role in intraflagellar transport to transport ciliary precursors and signaling molecules. Recently, microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins found in kinesin-8, -13, and -14A families have emerged as regulators of cilia. We first discuss ciliary kinesins identified in the flagellar or ciliary proteome, and then focus on the function and regulation of microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins. Lastly, we review the recent advances of microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins in controlling ciliary assembly, disassembly, and length.
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Abstract
Primary cilia are essential cellular organelles projecting from the cell surface to sense and transduce developmental signaling. They are tiny but have complicated structures containing microtubule (MT)-based internal structures (the axoneme) and mother centriole formed basal body. Intraflagellar transport (Ift) operated by Ift proteins and motors are indispensable for cilia formation and function. Mutations in Ift proteins or Ift motors cause various human diseases, some of which have severe bone defects. Over the last few decades, major advances have occurred in understanding the roles of these proteins and cilia in bone development and remodeling by examining cilia/Ift protein-related human diseases and establishing mouse transgenic models. In this review, we describe current advances in the understanding of the cilia/Ift structure and function. We further summarize cilia/Ift-related human diseases and current mouse models with an emphasis on bone-related phenotypes, cilia morphology, and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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