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The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as theranostic gene: potential role in pre-clinical therapy of extra-thyroidal malignancies. Clin Transl Imaging 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-023-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Propensity Score-Matched Analysis to Identify Pathways Associated with Loss of Sodium Iodide Symporter in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1488-1496. [PMID: 35723359 PMCID: PMC9164071 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression in thyroid follicular cells plays an important role in normal physiology and radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer. Loss of NIS expression is often seen in thyroid cancers and may lead to radioiodine refractoriness. To explore novel mechanisms of NIS repression beyond oncogenic drivers, clinical and RNA-seq data from the thyroid cancer dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to control for various genetic background factors. We found that tumoral NIS expression was negatively correlated with tumor size. Additionally, low NIS expression was the only factor associated with recurrence-free survival in a Cox multivariate regression analysis. After matching for clinicopathologic profiles and driver mutations, the principal component analysis revealed distinct gene expressions between the high and low NIS groups. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested the downregulation of hedgehog signaling, immune networks, and cell adhesions. Positively enriched pathways included DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, MYC, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In summary, we identified several potential targets which could be exploited to rescue the loss of NIS expression and develop redifferentiation strategies to facilitate radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer.
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De la Vieja A, Riesco-Eizaguirre G. Radio-Iodide Treatment: From Molecular Aspects to the Clinical View. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050995. [PMID: 33673669 PMCID: PMC7957486 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This year marks the 80th commemoration of the first time that radio-iodide treatment (RAI) was used. RAI is one of the most effective targeted internal radiation anticancer therapies ever devised and it has been used for many decades, however, a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved could greatly improve the success of this therapy. This is an in-depth innovative review focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying radio-iodide therapy in thyroid cancer and how the alteration of these mechanisms affects the results in the clinic. Abstract Thyroid radio-iodide therapy (RAI) is one of the oldest known and used targeted therapies. In thyroid cancer, it has been used for more than eight decades and is still being used to improve thyroid tumor treatment to eliminate remnants after thyroid surgery, and tumor metastases. Knowledge at the molecular level of the genes/proteins involved in the process has led to improvements in therapy, both from the point of view of when, how much, and how to use the therapy according to tumor type. The effectiveness of this therapy has spread into other types of targeted therapies, and this has made sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) one of the favorite theragnostic tools. Here we focus on describing the molecular mechanisms involved in radio-iodide therapy and how the alteration of these mechanisms in thyroid tumor progression affects the diagnosis and results of therapy in the clinic. We analyze basic questions when facing treatment, such as: (1) how the incorporation of radioiodine in normal, tumor, and metastatic thyroid cells occurs and how it is regulated; (2) the pros and cons of thyroid hormonal deprivation vs. recombinant human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (rhTSH) in radioiodine residence time, treatment efficacy, thyroglobulin levels and organification, and its influence on diagnostic imaging tests and metastasis treatment; and (3) the effect of stunning and the possible causes. We discuss the possible incorporation of massive sequencing data into clinical practice, and we conclude with a socioeconomical and clinical vision of the above aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De la Vieja
- Endocrine Tumors Unit (Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Endocrinas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918223270
| | - Garcilaso Riesco-Eizaguirre
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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Happel C, Kranert WT, Gröner D, Bockisch B, Sabet A, Vardarli I, Görges R, Herrmann K, Grünwald F. Correction for hyperfunctioning radiation-induced stunning (CHRIS) in benign thyroid diseases. Endocrine 2020; 69:466-473. [PMID: 32173798 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioiodine-131 treatment has been a well-established therapy for benign thyroid diseases for more than 75 years. However, the physiological reasons of the so-called stunning phenomenon, defined as a reduced radioiodine uptake after previous diagnostic radioiodine administration, are still discussed controversially. In a recent study, a significant dependence of thyroid stunning on the pre-therapeutically administered radiation dose could be demonstrated in patients with goiter and multifocal autonomous nodules. A release of thyroid hormones to the blood due to radiation-induced destruction of thyroid follicles leading to a temporarily reduced cell metabolism was postulated as possible reason for this indication-specific stunning effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop dose-dependent correction factors to account for stunning and thereby improve precision of radioiodine treatment in these indications. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 313 patients (135 with goiter and 178 with multifocal autonomous nodules), who underwent radioiodine uptake testing and radioiodine treatment, was performed. The previously determined indication-specific values for stunning of 8.2% per Gray in patients with multifocal autonomous nodules and 21% per Gray in patients with goiter were used to modify the Marinelli equation by the calculation of correction factors for hyperfunctioning radiation-induced stunning (CHRIS). Subsequently, the calculation of the required activity of radioiodine-131 to obtain an intra-therapeutic target dose of 150 Gy was re-evaluated in all patients. Furthermore, a calculation of the hypothetically received target dose by using the CHRIS-calculated values was performed and compared with the received target doses. RESULTS After integrating the previously obtained results for stunning, CHRIS-modified Marinelli equations could be developed for goiter and multifocal autonomous nodules. For patients with goiter, the mean value of administered doses calculated with CHRIS was 149 Gy and did not differ from the calculation with the conventional Marinelli equation of 152 Gy with statistical significance (p = 0.60). However, the statistical comparison revealed a highly significant improvement (p < 0.000001) of the fluctuation range of the results received with CHRIS. Similar results were obtained in the subgroup of patients with multifocal autonomous nodules. The mean value of the administered dose calculated with the conventional Marinelli equation was 131 Gy and therefore significantly below the CHRIS-calculated radiation dose of 150 Gy (p < 0.05). Again, the fluctuation range of the CHRIS-calculated radiation dose in the target volume was significantly improved compared with the conventional Marinelli equation (p < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS With the presented CHRIS equation it is possible to calculate a required individual stunning-independent radioiodine activity for the first time by only using data from the radioiodine uptake testing. The results of this study deepen our understanding of thyroid stunning in benign thyroid diseases and improve precision of dosimetry in radioiodine-131 therapy of goiter and multifocal autonomous nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Happel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - W T Kranert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Gröner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Bockisch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Sabet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Vardarli
- Department of Medicine I, Klinikum Vest GmbH, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Recklinghausen, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Recklinghausen, Dorstener Str. 151, D-45657, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - R Görges
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - K Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - F Grünwald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
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Xiao T, Li D, Shi X, Shen M. PAMAM Dendrimer‐Based Nanodevices for Nuclear Medicine Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900282. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco‐TextileMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Du Li
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco‐TextileMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco‐TextileMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco‐TextileMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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Bozorg-Ghalati F, Hedayati M, Dianatpour M, Mosaffa N, Azizi F. Targeting the BRAF Signaling Pathway in CD133pos Cancer Stem Cells of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1353-1360. [PMID: 31127889 PMCID: PMC6857869 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a self-renewal ability in tumor cells population, execute a pivotal function in tumorigenesis, retrogression, and metastasis of malignant cancers such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Materials and Methods: In this study, we isolated CSCs subpopulation with CD133 surface marker from three ATC cell lines by magnetic cell sorting assay. After confirming the segregation by the flow cytometry method, BRAF and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) genes were investigated in them before and after incubation with BRAF inhibitor. Also, we evaluated the NIS protein expression and localization. Results: Established upon q-RT PCR data, when compared to human normal thyrocytes, the BRAFV600E gene was over-expressed in CD133pos cells (>1705.99 ± 55.55 fold, Mean ± SEM, n=3, P- value<0.05), whilst the expression of NIS gene was very restricted (< 0.0008 ± 5.43 fold, Mean ± SEM, n=3, P- value<0.05) in them. Also, our results showed that BRAF inhibition affected NIS protein expression and localization. Conclusions: Current study showed that the differentiate genes/proteins expression can be induced in the CSCs via focus on signal transduction pathways and targeting their molecules, that are involved in expression of these genes/proteins. Therefore, attention to targeting CSCs along with routine thyroid cancer therapy, can help to ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bozorg-Ghalati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Santhanam P, Solnes LB, Rowe SP. Molecular imaging of advanced thyroid cancer: iodinated radiotracers and beyond. Med Oncol 2017; 34:189. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Yao X, Cheng X, Zhang L, Yu H, Bao J, Guan H, Lu R. Punicalagin from pomegranate promotes human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cell death by triggering ATM-mediated DNA damage response. Nutr Res 2017; 47:63-71. [PMID: 29241579 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Punicalagin (PUN), a component derived from pomegranate, is well known for its anticancer activity. Our previous work revealed that PUN induces autophagic cell death in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. We hypothesized that PUN triggers DNA damage associated with cell death because DNA damage was reported as an inducer of autophagy. Our results showed that PUN treatment caused DNA breaks as evidenced by the significant enhancement in the phosphorylation of H2A.X. However, reactive oxygen species and DNA conformational alteration, 2 common inducing factors in DNA damage, were not involved in PUN-induced DNA damage. The phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene-encoded protein (ATM) but not ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) was up-regulated in a time- and dosage-dependent manner after PUN treatment. KU-55933, an inhibitor of ATM, inhibited the phosphorylation of ATM induced by PUN and reversed the decreased cell viability caused by PUN. Thus, we demonstrated that PUN induces cell death of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by triggering ATM-mediated DNA damage response, which provided novel mechanisms and potential targets for the better understanding of the anticancer actions of PUN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huixin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Institute of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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