TRIP6 accelerates the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer by upregulating oncogenic YAP signaling

High Expression Level of TRIP6 is Correlated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of health problems. More reliable molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis in CRC patients are needed. A crucial role for thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) is played in tumorigenesis and tumor growth. Our study aims to determine the diagnostic and prognostic roles of TRIP6 at CRC. TRIP6 gene expression levels were analyzed in this study from public databases. The relationship between TRIP6 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was explored by logistic regression analysis. Based on Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis, the prognostic and diagnostic values of TRIP6 were determined. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks analysis were performed using the STRING database. A Spearman's correlation analysis applied for examining the correlation between TRIP6 expression, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes. Moreover, colony formation assay and transwell assay were used to investigate the functions of TRIP6. TRIP6 was highly expressed in CRC cancer tissues and cells. K-M survival analysis indicated that a high expression of TRIP6 was associated with poor prognosis. TRIP6 expression was obviously associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint gene expression. For validation, the results of collected clinical CRC samples show that TRIP6 levels in CRC tumor tissue were higher than those of paired adjacent colorectal tissues. Additionally, in vitro experiments suggested that TRIP6 knockdown suppressed proliferation and migration in CRC cell line RKO. TRIP6 overexpression promoted the proliferation and migration of normal colon cell line NCM460. High TRIP6 expression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer and promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration which may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for CRC, providing new insights into its role in CRC.

TRIP6 a potential diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer with glycolysis and immune infiltration association

Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 6 (TRIP6) it is an adaptor protein belonging to the zyxin family of LIM proteins, participating in signaling events through interactions with various molecules. Despite this, TRIP6's role in colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly its correlation with glucose metabolism and immune cell infiltration, remains unclear. Through the TCGA and GEO databases, we obtained RNA sequencing data to facilitate our in-depth study and analysis of TRIP6 expression. To investigate the prognostic value of TRIP6 in CRC, we also used univariate Cox regression analysis. In addition, this study also covered a series of analyses, including clinicopathological analysis, functional enrichment analysis, glycolysis correlation analysis, immunoinfiltration analysis, immune checkpoint analysis, and angiogenesis correlation analysis, to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of this biological phenomenon. It has been found that TRIP6 expression is significantly upregulated in CRC and correlates with the stage of the disease. Its overexpression portends a worse survival time. Functional enrichment analysis reveals that TRIP6 is associated with focal adhesion and glycolysis. Mechanistically, TRIP6 appears to exert its tumorigenic effect by regulating the glycolysis-related gene GPI. A higher level of expression of TRIP6 is associated with an increase in the number of iDC immune cells and a decrease in the number of Th1 immune cells. Also, TRIP6 may promote angiogenesis in tumor cells by promoting the expression of JAG2. Our study uncovers the upregulation of TRIP6 in CRC, illuminating its prognostic and diagnostic value within this context. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between TRIP6 expression levels, glycolysis, angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration. This underscores its potential as a biomarker for CRC treatment and as a therapeutic target.

NGF Signaling Interacts With the Hippo/YAP Pathway to Regulate Cervical Cancer Progression

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is increasingly implicated in cervical cancer progression, but its mechanism in cervical cancer is unclear. Here, studies demonstrate that NGF inhibits the Hippo signaling pathway and activates Yes-associated protein (YAP) to induce cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggested that stimulation of NGF promoted cell growth and migration and activated YAP in HeLa and C-33A cell lines. The expression of YAP target genes (CTGF and ANKRD1) was upregulated after NGF treatment. The NGF inhibitor Ro 08-2750 and siRNA-mediated NGF receptor gene silencing suppressed HeLa and C-33A cells proliferation and migration, activated large suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) kinase activity, and suppressed YAP function. In addition, the expression of YAP target genes (CTGF and ANKRD1) was suppressed by Ro 08-2750 treatment in HeLa and C-33A cells. Interestingly, proliferation was significantly higher in NGF-treated cells than in control cells, and this effect was completely reversed by the YAP small molecule inhibitor-verteporfin. Furthermore, the mouse xenograft model shows that NGF regulates YAP oncogenic activity in vivo. Mechanistically, NGF stimulation inactivates LATS1 and activates YAP, and NGF inhibition was found to induce large suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) phosphorylation. Taken together, these data provide the first direct evidence of crosstalk between the NGF signaling and Hippo cancer pathways, an interaction that affects cervical cancer progression. Our study indicates that combined targeting of the NGF signaling and the Hippo pathway represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of cervical cancer.

Overexpression of ARHGAP30 suppresses growth of cervical cancer cells by downregulating ribosome biogenesis

We aimed to identify whether Rho GTPase activating proteins (RhoGAPs) were downregulated in cervical cancers and might be targeted to reduce the growth of cervical cancer using the GEO database and immunohistochemical analysis to identified changes in transcription and protein levels. We analyzed their proliferation, clone formation ability, and their growth as subcutaneous tumors in mice. To detect ARHGAP30 localization in cells, immunofluorescence assays were conducted. Mass spectrometry combined with immunoprecipitation experiments were used to identify binding proteins. Protein interactions were validated with co-immunoprecipitation assays. Western-blot and q-PCR were applied to analyze candidate binding proteins that were associated with ribosome biogenesis. Puromycin incorporation assay was used to detect the global protein synthesis rate. We identified that ARHGAP30 was the only downregulated RhoGAP and was related to the survival of cervical cancer patients. Overexpression of ARHGAP30 in cervical cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration. ARHGAP30 immunoprecipitated proteins were enriched in the ribosome biogenesis process. ARHGAP30 was located in the nucleous and interacted with nucleolin (NCL). Overexpression of ARHGAP30 inhibited rRNA synthesis and global protein synthesis. ARHGAP30 overexpression induced the ubiquitination of NCL and decreased its protein level in Hela cells. The function of ARHGAP30 on cervical cancer cell ribosome biogenesis and proliferation was independent of its RhoGAP activity as assessed with a RhoGAP-deficient plasmid of ARHGAP30R55A . Overall, the findings revealed that ARHGAP30 was frequently downregulated and associated with shorter survival of cervical cancer patients. ARHGAP30 may suppress growth of cervical cancer by reducing ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis through promoting ubiquitination of NCL.

A New Story of the Three Magi: Scaffolding Proteins and lncRNA Suppressors of Cancer

Scaffolding molecules exert a critical role in orchestrating cellular response through the spatiotemporal assembly of effector proteins as signalosomes. By increasing the efficiency and selectivity of intracellular signaling, these molecules can exert (anti/pro)oncogenic activities. As an archetype of scaffolding proteins with tumor suppressor property, the present review focuses on MAGI1, 2, and 3 (membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted), a subgroup of the MAGUK protein family, that mediate networks involving receptors, junctional complexes, signaling molecules, and the cytoskeleton. MAGI1, 2, and 3 are comprised of 6 PDZ domains, 2 WW domains, and 1 GUK domain. These 9 protein binding modules allow selective interactions with a wide range of effectors, including the PTEN tumor suppressor, the β-catenin and YAP1 proto-oncogenes, and the regulation of the PI3K/AKT, the Wnt, and the Hippo signaling pathways. The frequent downmodulation of MAGIs in various human malignancies makes these scaffolding molecules and their ligands putative therapeutic targets. Interestingly, MAGI1 and MAGI2 genetic loci generate a series of long non-coding RNAs that act as a tumor promoter or suppressor in a tissue-dependent manner, by selectively sponging some miRNAs or by regulating epigenetic processes. Here, we discuss the different paths followed by the three MAGIs to control carcinogenesis.

PTPN14 deficiency alleviates podocyte injury through suppressing inflammation and fibrosis by targeting TRIP6 in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the pathogenesis that contributes to DKD is still not fully understood. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14), a non receptor tyrosine phosphatase, has numerous cellular events, such as inflammation and cell death. But its potential on DKD has not been investigated yet. In this study, we found that PTPN14 expression was markedly up-regulated in kidney samples of DKD patients, which were confirmed in diabetic mice and were clearly localized in glomeruli. The diabetic mouse model was established using streptozotocin (STZ) in wild type (WT) or PTPN knockout (KO) mice. After, STZ challenge, STZ mice displayed improved kidney functions. The results also showed that STZ-induced histological changes and podocyte injury in renal tissues, which were effectively alleviated by PTPN14 deletion. Moreover, PTPN14 deficiency significantly mitigated inflammatory response and fibrosis in glomeruli of STZ-challenged mice through restraining the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling pathways, respectively. The inhibitory effects of PTPN14 suppression on inflammation and fibrosis were confirmed in high glucose (HG)-incubated podocytes. We further found that thyroid receptor interactor protein 6 (TRIP6) expression was dramatically up-regulated in glomeruli of STZ-challenged mice, and was abolished by PTPN14 deletion, which was confirmed in HG-treated podocytes with PTPN14 knockdown. Intriguingly, our in vitro studies showed that PTPN14 directly interacted with TRIP6. Of note, over-expressing TRIP6 markedly abrogated the effects of PTPN14 silence to restrict inflammatory response and fibrosis in HG-incubated podocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that targeting PTPN14 may provide feasible therapies for DKD treatment.