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Lohanadan K, Assent M, Linnemann A, Schuld J, Heukamp LC, Krause K, Vorgerd M, Reimann J, Schänzer A, Kirfel G, Fürst DO, Van der Ven PFM. Synaptopodin-2 Isoforms Have Specific Binding Partners and Display Distinct, Muscle Cell Type-Specific Expression Patterns. Cells 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 38201288 PMCID: PMC10778272 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptopodin-2 (SYNPO2) is a protein associated with the Z-disc in striated muscle cells. It interacts with α-actinin and filamin C, playing a role in Z-disc maintenance under stress by chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). In smooth muscle cells, SYNPO2 is a component of dense bodies. Furthermore, it has been proposed to play a role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in many different kinds of cancers. Alternative transcription start sites and alternative splicing predict the expression of six putative SYNPO2 isoforms differing by extended amino- and/or carboxy-termini. Our analyses at mRNA and protein levels revealed differential expression of SYNPO2 isoforms in cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells. We identified synemin, an intermediate filament protein, as a novel binding partner of the PDZ-domain in the amino-terminal extension of the isoforms mainly expressed in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, and demonstrated colocalization of SYNPO2 and synemin in both cell types. A carboxy-terminal extension, mainly expressed in smooth muscle cells, is sufficient for association with dense bodies and interacts with α-actinin. SYNPO2 therefore represents an additional and novel link between intermediate filaments and the Z-discs in cardiomyocytes and dense bodies in smooth muscle cells, respectively. In pathological skeletal muscle samples, we identified SYNPO2 in the central and intermediate zones of target fibers of patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy, and in nemaline bodies. Our findings help to understand distinct functions of individual SYNPO2 isoforms in different muscle tissues, but also in tumor pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marvin Assent
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Linnemann
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schuld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas C. Heukamp
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karsten Krause
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Reimann
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Kirfel
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O. Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
Initially identified as an actin-binding protein containing a PSD95-DLG-ZO1 Domain (PZD domain), Synaptopodin 2 (SYNPO2) has long been considered a structural protein ubiquitously expressed in muscular tissues. However, emerging evidence suggests that SYNPO2 performs diverse functions in cancers in addition to its role in microfilament assembly. In most cancers, high SYNPO2 expression is positively correlated with a good prognosis, suggesting its role as a novel tumor suppressor. Abnormal SYNPO2 expression affects autophagy generation, particularly mitophagy induced by low oxidation or viral infection, as well as chaperone-mediated autophagy triggered by microfilament damage. Mechanically, SYNPO2 regulates tumor growth, metastasis, and invasion via activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal and Hippo signaling pathways. Moreover, the subcellular localization, promoter methylation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of SYNPO2 have been associated with cancer progression and clinical outcomes, highlighting its potential as a prognostic or diagnostic target for this patient population. This review focuses on the role of SYNPO2 in cancer, including its generation, epigenetic modification, subcellular localization, and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Zheng
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No. 378 Dongqing Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315048, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, No. 378 Dongqing Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315048, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Medical College, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Grande V, Schuld J, van der Ven PFM, Gruss OJ, Fürst DO. Filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) is a dual compartment protein linking myofibrils and microtubules during myogenic differentiation and upon mechanical stress. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03776-4. [PMID: 37178194 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the gene encoding filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) were identified to be associated with a combination of neurological and muscular symptoms. While FILIP1 was shown to regulate motility of brain ventricular zone cells, a process important for corticogenesis, the function of the protein in muscle cells has been less well characterized. The expression of FILIP1 in regenerating muscle fibres predicted a role in early muscle differentiation. Here we analysed expression and localization of FILIP1 and its binding partners filamin-C (FLNc) and microtubule plus-end-binding protein EB3 in differentiating cultured myotubes and adult skeletal muscle. Prior to the development of cross-striated myofibrils, FILIP1 is associated with microtubules and colocalizes with EB3. During further myofibril maturation its localization changes, and FILIP1 localizes to myofibrillar Z-discs together with the actin-binding protein FLNc. Forced contractions of myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) induce focal disruptions in myofibrils and translocation of both proteins from Z-discs to these lesions, suggesting a role in induction and/or repair of these structures. The immediate proximity of tyrosylated, dynamic microtubules and EB3 to lesions implies that also these play a role in these processes. This implication is supported by the fact that in nocodazole-treated myotubes that lack functional microtubules, the number of lesions induced by EPS is significantly reduced. In summary, we here show that FILIP1 is a cytolinker protein that is associated with both microtubules and actin filaments, and might play a role in the assembly of myofibrils and their stabilization upon mechanical stress to protect them from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grande
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schuld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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Krause K, Eggers B, Uszkoreit J, Eulitz S, Rehmann R, Güttsches AK, Schreiner A, van der Ven PFM, Fürst DO, Marcus K, Vorgerd M, Kley RA. Target formation in muscle fibres indicates reinnervation - A proteomic study in muscle samples from peripheral neuropathies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12853. [PMID: 36180966 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Target skeletal muscle fibres - defined by different concentric areas in oxidative enzyme staining - can occur in patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Here, we used our established hypothesis-free proteomic approach with the aim of deciphering the protein composition of targets. We also searched for potential novel interactions between target proteins. METHODS Targets and control areas were laser microdissected from skeletal muscle sections of 20 patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Samples were analysed by a highly sensitive mass spectrometry approach, enabling relative protein quantification. The results were validated by immunofluorescence studies. Protein interactions were investigated by yeast two-hybrid assays, coimmunoprecipitation experiments and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. RESULTS More than 1000 proteins were identified. Among these, 55 proteins were significantly over-represented and 40 proteins were significantly under-represented in targets compared to intraindividual control samples. The majority of over-represented proteins were associated with the myofibrillar Z-disc and actin dynamics, followed by myosin and myosin-associated proteins, proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and chaperones. Under-represented proteins were mainly mitochondrial proteins. Functional studies revealed that the LIM domain of the over-represented protein LIMCH1 interacts with isoform A of Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 1 (XinA). CONCLUSIONS In particular, proteins involved in myofibrillogenesis are over-represented in target structures, which indicate an ongoing process of sarcomere assembly and/or remodelling within this specific area of the muscle fibres. We speculate that target structures are the result of reinnervation processes in which filamin C-associated myofibrillogenesis is tightly regulated by the BAG3-associated protein quality system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krause
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Britta Eggers
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Uszkoreit
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Eulitz
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Rehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne K Güttsches
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Schreiner
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Kley
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Marien-Hospital Borken, Borken, Germany
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Sun B, Kekenes-Huskey PM. Myofilament-associated proteins with intrinsic disorder (MAPIDs) and their resolution by computational modeling. Q Rev Biophys 2023; 56:e2. [PMID: 36628457 PMCID: PMC11070111 DOI: 10.1017/s003358352300001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac sarcomere is a cellular structure in the heart that enables muscle cells to contract. Dozens of proteins belong to the cardiac sarcomere, which work in tandem to generate force and adapt to demands on cardiac output. Intriguingly, the majority of these proteins have significant intrinsic disorder that contributes to their functions, yet the biophysics of these intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) have been characterized in limited detail. In this review, we first enumerate these myofilament-associated proteins with intrinsic disorder (MAPIDs) and recent biophysical studies to characterize their IDRs. We secondly summarize the biophysics governing IDR properties and the state-of-the-art in computational tools toward MAPID identification and characterization of their conformation ensembles. We conclude with an overview of future computational approaches toward broadening the understanding of intrinsic disorder in the cardiac sarcomere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacoinformatics (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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