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Sun X, Wu L, Du L, Xu W, Han M. Targeting the organelle for radiosensitization in cancer radiotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100903. [PMID: 38590796 PMCID: PMC10999375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well-established cytotoxic therapy for local solid cancers, utilizing high-energy ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells. However, this method has several limitations, including low radiation energy deposition, severe damage to surrounding normal cells, and high tumor resistance to radiation. Among various radiotherapy methods, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has emerged as a principal approach to improve the therapeutic ratio of malignancies and reduce lethality to surrounding normal tissue, but it remains deficient in terms of insufficient boron accumulation as well as short retention time, which limits the curative effect. Recently, a series of radiosensitizers that can selectively accumulate in specific organelles of cancer cells have been developed to precisely target radiotherapy, thereby reducing side effects of normal tissue damage, overcoming radioresistance, and improving radiosensitivity. In this review, we mainly focus on the field of nanomedicine-based cancer radiotherapy and discuss the organelle-targeted radiosensitizers, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Furthermore, the organelle-targeted boron carriers used in BNCT are particularly presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted radiosensitization, we hope to provide insight into the design of organelle-targeted radiosensitizers for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linjie Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Afliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Afliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Scott E, Garnham R, Cheung K, Duxfield A, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. Pro-Survival Factor EDEM3 Confers Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158184. [PMID: 35897761 PMCID: PMC9332126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and it is primarily driven by androgen steroid hormones. The glycosylation enzyme EDEM3 is controlled by androgen signalling and is important for prostate cancer viability. EDEM3 is a mannosidase that trims mannose from mis-folded glycoproteins, tagging them for degradation through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Here, we find that EDEM3 is upregulated in prostate cancer, and this is linked to poorer disease-free survival. Depletion of EDEM3 from prostate cancer cells induces an ER stress transcriptomic signature, and EDEM3 overexpression is cyto-protective against ER stressors. EDEM3 expression also positively correlates with genes involved in the unfolded protein response in prostate cancer patients, and its expression can be induced through exposure to radiation. Importantly, the overexpression of EDEM3 promotes radio-resistance in prostate cancer cells and radio-resistance can be reduced through depletion of EDEM3. Our data thus implicate increased levels of EDEM3 with a role in prostate cancer pathology and reveal a new therapeutic opportunity to sensitise prostate tumours to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
| | - Kathleen Cheung
- Bioinformatic Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK;
| | - Adam Duxfield
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
| | - David J. Elliott
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.G.); (A.D.); (D.J.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (J.M.)
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Vladimirova U, Rumiantsev P, Zolotovskaia M, Albert E, Abrosimov A, Slashchuk K, Nikiforovich P, Chukhacheva O, Gaifullin N, Suntsova M, Zakharova G, Glusker A, Nikitin D, Garazha A, Li X, Kamashev D, Drobyshev A, Kochergina-Nikitskaya I, Sorokin M, Buzdin A. DNA repair pathway activation features in follicular and papillary thyroid tumors, interrogated using 95 experimental RNA sequencing profiles. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06408. [PMID: 33748479 PMCID: PMC7970325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair can prevent mutations and cancer development, but it can also restore damaged tumor cells after chemo and radiation therapy. We performed RNA sequencing on 95 human pathological thyroid biosamples including 17 follicular adenomas, 23 follicular cancers, 3 medullar cancers, 51 papillary cancers and 1 poorly differentiated cancer. The gene expression profiles are annotated here with the clinical and histological diagnoses and, for papillary cancers, with BRAF gene V600E mutation status. DNA repair molecular pathway analysis showed strongly upregulated pathway activation levels for most of the differential pathways in the papillary cancer and moderately upregulated pattern in the follicular cancer, when compared to the follicular adenomas. This was observed for the BRCA1, ATM, p53, excision repair, and mismatch repair pathways. This finding was validated using independent thyroid tumor expression dataset PRJEB11591. We also analyzed gene expression patterns linked with the radioiodine resistant thyroid tumors (n = 13) and identified 871 differential genes that according to Gene Ontology analysis formed two functional groups: (i) response to topologically incorrect protein and (ii) aldo-keto reductase (NADP) activity. We also found RNA sequencing reads for two hybrid transcripts: one in-frame fusion for well-known NCOA4-RET translocation, and another frameshift fusion of ALK oncogene with a new partner ARHGAP12. The latter could probably support increased expression of truncated ALK downstream from 4th exon out of 28. Both fusions were found in papillary thyroid cancers of follicular histologic subtype with node metastases, one of them (NCOA4-RET) for the radioactive iodine resistant tumor. The differences in DNA repair activation patterns may help to improve therapy of different thyroid cancer types under investigation and the data communicated may serve for finding additional markers of radioiodine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uliana Vladimirova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Pavel Rumiantsev
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, 117312, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nurshat Gaifullin
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Maria Suntsova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Glusker
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil Nikitin
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, 91789, USA
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dmitriy Kamashev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei Drobyshev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Maxim Sorokin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, 91789, USA
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Omicsway Corp., Walnut, CA, 91789, USA
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Modulating the unfolded protein response with ONC201 to impact on radiation response in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4252. [PMID: 33608585 PMCID: PMC7896060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men and a notable cause of cancer mortality when it metastasises. The unfolded protein response (UPR) can be cytoprotective but when acutely activated can lead to cell death. In this study, we sought to enhance the acute activation of the UPR using radiation and ONC201, an UPR activator. Treating PCa cells with ONC201 quickly increased the expression of all the key regulators of the UPR and reduced the oxidative phosphorylation, with cell death occurring 72 h later. We exploited this time lag to sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation through short-term treatment with ONC201. To understand how priming occurred, we performed RNA-Seq analysis and found that ONC201 suppressed the expression of cell cycle and DNA repair factors. In conclusion, we have shown that ONC201 can prime enhanced radiation response.
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Chen Y, Gao P, Wu T, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Organelle-localized radiosensitizers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10621-10630. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This feature article highlights the recent advances of organelle-localized radiosensitizers and discusses the current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
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Avril T, Vauléon E, Chevet E. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and chemotherapy resistance in solid cancers. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e373. [PMID: 28846078 PMCID: PMC5608920 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular program used by eukaryotic cells to cope with protein misfolding stress. During tumor development, cancer cells are facing intrinsic (oncogene activation) and extrinsic (limiting nutrient or oxygen supply) challenges, with which they must cope to survive. Moreover, chemotherapy represents an additional extrinsic challenge that cancer cells are facing and to which they adapt in the case of resistance. As of today, resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies is one of the important issues that oncologists have to deal with for treating cancer patients. In this review, we first describe the key molecular mechanisms controlling the UPR and their implication in solid cancers. Then, we review the literature that connects cancer chemotherapy resistance mechanisms and activation of the UPR. Finally, we discuss the possible applications of targeting the UPR to bypass drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Avril
- INSERM U1242, 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling', Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - E Vauléon
- INSERM U1242, 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling', Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - E Chevet
- INSERM U1242, 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling', Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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7
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Unfolded protein response signaling impacts macrophage polarity to modulate breast cancer cell clearance and melanoma immune checkpoint therapy responsiveness. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80545-80559. [PMID: 29113324 PMCID: PMC5655219 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a stress pathway controlled by GRP78 to mediate IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 signaling. We show that targeting GRP78, IRE1, and PERK differentially regulates macrophage polarization. Specifically, PERK targeting enhanced macrophage proliferation and macrophage-mediated killing but not GRP78 or IRE1. Targeting UPR in cancer cells also differentially affected macrophage cytolytic capacity. Tumoral IRE1 or GRP78 inhibition enhanced macrophage-mediated cancer cell clearance. Conditioned media from GRP78-silenced cancer cells caused reciprocal regulation of CD80 and CD206, suggesting control of plasticity by secreted factors. GRP78 targeting in mice resulted in a cytokine shift and increased tumoral CD80+/CD68+ cells, suggesting an M1-like profile. Targeting UPR in both macrophage and cancer cells indicates that PERK or GRP78 reduction enhances macrophage clearance of cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that macrophage polarization influences immune checkpoint therapy resistance. To determine whether UPR effects immunotherapy resistance, analysis of matched melanoma patient PBMC before/after developing ipilimumab resistance demonstrated increased UPR signaling and an M2-like macrophage population, supporting a novel role of UPR signaling and innate immune regulation in anti-CTLA-4 therapy resistance. These data suggest that targeting GRP78 or PERK promotes an anti-tumor immune response by either directly promoting macrophage cytolytic activity or indirectly by shifting tumoral cytokine secretion.
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8
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Qiao Q, Sun C, Han C, Han N, Zhang M, Li G. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway PERK-eIF2α confers radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating NF-κB. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1421-1431. [PMID: 28418119 PMCID: PMC5497722 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of malignant tumors, as well as in the regulation of radiochemoresistance and chemoresistance in many malignancies. ERS signaling pathway protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)‐eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 (eIF2α) may induce aberrant activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). Our previous study showed that NF‐κB conferred radioresistance in lymphoma cells. However, whether PERK‐eIF2α regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF‐κB activation is unknown. Herein, we showed that PERK overexpression correlated with a poor prognosis for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of the high expression level of PERK in oropharyngeal carcinoma patients resistant to radiation was higher than in patients sensitive to radiation (77.7 and 33.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). Silencing PERK and eIF2α increased the radiosensitivity in oropharyngeal carcinoma cells and increased radiation‐induced apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest. PERK‐eIF2α silencing also inhibited radiation‐induced NF‐κB phosphorylation and increased the DNA double strand break‐related proteins ATM phosphorylation. NF‐κB activator TNF‐α and the ATM inhibitor Ku55933 offset the regulatory effect of eIF2α on the expression of radiation‐induced cell apoptosis‐related proteins and the G2/M phase arrest‐related proteins. These data indicate that PERK regulates radioresistance in oropharyngeal carcinoma through NF‐kB activation‐mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α, enhancing X‐ray‐induced activation of DNA DSB repair, cell apoptosis inhibition and G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chaonan Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuyang Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Effects of gene polymorphisms in the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway on clinical outcomes of chemoradiotherapy in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:571-580. [PMID: 28216622 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variabil¬ity in chemoradiotherapy responses in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients receiv¬ing the same or similar treatment protocols. In this study we evaluated the association between the gene polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and chemoradiation responses in Chinese NPC patients. A total of 150 patients with histopathologically conformed NPC and treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy were enrolled. Genotypes in ER stress pathway genes, including VCP (valosin-containing protein) rs2074549, HSP90B1 rs17034943, CANX (calnexin) rs7566, HSPA5 [heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5] rs430397, CALCR (calcitonin receptor) rs2528521, and XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) rs2269577 were analyzed by Sequenom MassARRAY system. The short-term effects of primary tumor and lymph node after radiotherapy were assessed based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) of WHO. And acute radiation-induced toxic reactions were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group or European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (RTOG/EORTC). The effects of gene polymorphisms on clinical outcomes of chemoradiotherapy were assessed by chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. We found that CT and CT+CC genotypes of CANX rs7566 was significantly correlated with primary tumor treatment efficacy at 3 months after chemoradiotherapy and with occurrence of radiation-induced myelosuppression in Chinese NPC patients. CT and CT+CC genotypes of CALCR rs2528521 were significantly correlated with cervical lymph node efficacy at 3 months after chemoradiotherapy. And CC and CT+CC genotypes of VCP rs2074549 were significantly associated with occurrence of myelosuppression. In conclusion, SNPs of VCP rs2074549, CANX rs7566 and CALCR rs2528521 in ER stress pathway genes may serve as predictors for clinical outcomes of chemoradiotherapy in Chinese NPC patients.
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10
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Huang Y, Liu J, Fan L, Wang F, Yu H, Wei W, Sun G. miR-663 overexpression induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress modulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis via transforming growth factor beta 1. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1623-33. [PMID: 27073326 PMCID: PMC4806765 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are commonly dysregulated in a number of human cancers, for example, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the precise mechanism of dysregulation has not been extensively studied. Although previous studies have indicated that HCC cells are resistant to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis, little is known about the relationship between microRNAs and ER stress-mediated apoptosis resistance. In this study, we have demonstrated for the first time that the expression level of miR-663 was significantly upregulated in HCC cells co-incubated with tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, as measured by a microRNA-chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; however, the effect of miR-663 on HCC cell apoptosis remains unknown. To investigate the potential involvement of miR-663 in HCC, HepG2 cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-663. Consequently, we identified that downregulation of miR-663 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis under ER stress. Target gene analysis further predicted that the effects of miR-663 on HCC cells were mediated by directly targeting transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1). Interestingly, the expression levels of TGFB1 changed inversely after downregulation or upregulation of miR-663 by inhibitors or mimics of miR-663 in HepG2 cells. Additionally, TGFB1 knockdown inhibited apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In sum, our study identifies a role for miR-663 as a critical regulator of ER stress-mediated apoptosis resistance in HCC cells via TGFB1. Accordingly, therapies aimed at the miR-663/TGFB1 axis might represent a hopeful strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqing Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Pan Y, Cao F, Guo A, Chang W, Chen X, Ma W, Gao X, Guo S, Fu C, Zhu J. Endoplasmic reticulum ribosome-binding protein 1, RRBP1, promotes progression of colorectal cancer and predicts an unfavourable prognosis. Br J Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26196185 PMCID: PMC4559827 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribosome-binding protein 1 (RRBP1) has been implicated in the regulation of unfolded protein response, which is involved in almost every aspect of cancer development. We aimed to explore the significance of RRBP1 in the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS The study population consisted of 856 patients with stage I-III CRC from two hospitals. RRBP1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in colorectal tissues. The correlation of RRBP1 expression and CRC occurrence was assessed in paired cancer-adjacent tissues. Factors contributing to prognosis were evaluated in a training-validation design with univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Colorectal cancer aggressiveness caused by RRBP1 knockdown or overexpression was evaluated in CRC cells. RESULTS RRBP1 was aberrantly overexpressed in CRC. Compared with low-RRBP1 patients, high-RRBP1 patients had shorter disease-specific survival in the training (hazard ratio (HR), 2.423; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.531-3.835) and validation cohorts (HR, 3.749; 95% CI, 2.166-6.448) in multivariate Cox analysis. High-RRBP1 independently predicted a shorter disease-free survival (HR, 4.821; 95% CI, 3.220-7.218) in the validation cohort. RRBP1 knockdown reduced the aggressiveness of CRC cells in vitro and inhibited the growth of CRC xenografts in vivo. CONCLUSIONS High RRBP1 expression facilitates CRC progression and predicts an unfavourable post-operative prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pan
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - F Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 174 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - A Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yangpu Hosptial, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - W Chang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - W Ma
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 174 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - S Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - C Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 174 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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