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Mohanad M, Mohamed SK, Aboulhoda BE, Ahmed MAE. Neuroprotective effects of vitamin D in an Alzheimer's disease rat model: Improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 activation of Sirtuin1 phosphorylation. Biofactors 2024; 50:371-391. [PMID: 37801071 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. To assess the impact of vitamin D3 (Vit.D) on neurogenesis, we investigated its role in mitigating cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction through calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2)-mediated phosphorylation of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in an aluminum-chloride-D-galactose (AlCl3-D-gal)-induced AD rat model. Rats were distributed into four groups: control, AlCl3 + D-gal (10 + 60 mg/kg, ip), Vit.D (500 IU/kg, po), and AlCl3 + D-gal+Vit.D. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris Water Maze, and passive avoidance (PA) tests were used to measure memory abilities. The hippocampal tissue was used to assess vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), CAMKK2, p-SIRT1, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), dynamin-related-protein-1 (Drp1), and mitofusin-1 (Mnf1) proteins by western blot and Ca2+ levels, endothelial nitic oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), amyloid beta (Aβ), and phospho tau (p-Tau) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in addition to histological and ultrastructural examination of rat's brain tissue. Vit.D-attenuated hippocampal injury reversed the cognitive decline and Aβ aggregation, and elevated p-Tau levels in the AlCl3 + D-gal-induced AD rat model. In AlCl3 + D-gal-exposed rats, Vit.D induced VDR expression, normalized Ca2+ levels, elevated CAMKK2, p-AMPK, p-SIRT1, and PGC-1α expression. Vit.D reduced Drp1, induced Mnf1, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, preserved mitochondrial structure, restored normal mitochondrial function, and retained normal eNOS level and SOD activity in AlCl3 + D-gal rats. In conclusion, our findings proved that Vit.D may ameliorate cognitive deficits in AlCl3 + D-gal-induced AD by restoring normal mitochondrial function and reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress via CAMKK2-AMPK/SIRT1 pathway upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohanad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa K Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
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Mun D, Kang M, Shin M, Choi HJ, Kang AN, Ryu S, Unno T, Maburutse BE, Oh S, Kim Y. Alleviation of DSS-induced colitis via bovine colostrum-derived extracellular vesicles with microRNA let-7a-5p is mediated by regulating Akkermansia and β-hydroxybutyrate in gut environments. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0012123. [PMID: 37966243 PMCID: PMC10714758 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00121-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Even though studying on the possible involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in host-microbe interactions, how these relationships mediate host physiology has not clarified yet. Our current findings provide insights into the encouraging benefits of dietary source-derived EVs and microRNAs (miRNAs) on organic acid production and ultimately stimulating gut microbiome for human health, suggesting that supplementation of dietary colostrum EVs and miRNAs is a novel preventive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kang
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - An Na Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangdon Ryu
- Division of Evironmental Meterials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Brighton E. Maburutse
- Department of Animal Production Sciences, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Marondera, Zimbabwe
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Shemesh R, Laufer-Geva S, Gorzalczany Y, Anoze A, Sagi-Eisenberg R, Peled N, Roisman LC. The interaction of mast cells with membranes from lung cancer cells induces the release of extracellular vesicles with a unique miRNA signature. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21544. [PMID: 38057448 PMCID: PMC10700580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells that play roles in both normal and abnormal processes. They have been linked to tumor progression in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the exact role of MCs in NSCLC is still unclear. Some studies have shown that the presence of a large number of MCs is associated with poor prognosis, while others have suggested that MCs have protective effects. To better understand the role of MCs in NSCLC, we aimed to identify the initial mechanisms underlying the communication between MCs and lung cancer cells. Here, we recapitulated cell-to-cell contact by exposing MCs to membranes derived from lung cancer cells and confirming their activation, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of the ERK and AKT kinases. Profiling of the microRNAs that were selectively enriched in the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the lung cancer-activated MCs revealed that they contained significantly increased amounts of miR-100-5p and miR-125b, two protumorigenic miRNAs. We explored the pathways regulated by these miRNAs via enrichment analysis using the KEGG database, demonstrating that these two miRNAs regulate p53 signaling, cancer pathways, and pathways associated with apoptosis and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shemesh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Smadar Laufer-Geva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaara Gorzalczany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alaa Anoze
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Peled
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Laila C Roisman
- The Helmsley Cancer Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Shmu'el Bait St 12, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Roshani M, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Jafari A, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Ahmadi Asouri S, Rajabi A, Hamblin MR, Anoushirvani AA, Mirzaei H. Emerging roles of miR-145 in gastrointestinal cancers: A new paradigm. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115264. [PMID: 37619484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas are a group of cancers affecting the GI tract and digestive organs, such as the gastric, liver, bile ducts, pancreas, small intestine, esophagus, colon, and rectum. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which are involved in regulating the expression of multiple target genes; mainly at the post-transcriptional level, via complementary binding to their 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs have critical roles in modulating of various physiological and pathological cellular processes and regulating the occurrence and development of human malignancies. Among them, miR-145 is recognized for its anti-oncogenic properties in various cancers, including GI cancers. MiR-145 has been implicated in diverse biological processes of cancers through the regulation of target genes or signaling, including, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review, we have summarized the role of miR-145 in selected GI cancers and also its downstream molecules and cellular processes targets, which could lead to a better understanding of the miR-145 in these cancers. In conclusion, we reveal the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-145 in GI cancer, and hope to provide new ideas for its application as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for BasicSciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Circulating miRNA Expression Profiles and Machine Learning Models in Association with Response to Irinotecan-Based Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010046. [PMID: 36613487 PMCID: PMC9820223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer represents a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite improvements, chemotherapy remains the backbone of colorectal cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of circulating microRNA expression profiles and the response to irinotecan-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer and to identify relevant target genes and molecular functions. Serum samples from 95 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were analyzed. The microRNA expression was tested with a NucleoSpin miRNA kit (Machnery-Nagel, Germany), and a machine learning approach was subsequently applied for microRNA profiling. The top 10 upregulated microRNAs in the non-responders group were hsa-miR-181b-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-181d-5p, hsa-miR-301a-3p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-30c-5p, and hsa-let-7i-5p. Similarly, the top 10 downregulated microRNAs were hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-let-7c-5p, hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-10a-5p, hsa-miR-142-5p, hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR-17-5p. The upregulation of microRNAs in the miR-181 family and the downregulation of those in the let-7 family appear to be mostly involved with non-responsiveness to irinotecan-based treatment.
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Long F, Tian L, Chai Z, Li J, Tang Y, Liu M. Identification of stage-associated exosome miRNAs in colorectal cancer by improved robust and corroborative approach embedded miRNA-target network. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:881788. [PMID: 36237545 PMCID: PMC9551196 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal tumor with high morbidity and mortality. At the molecular level, patients at different stages present considerable heterogeneity. Although the miRNA in exosome is an effective biomarker to reveal tumor progression, studies based on stage-associated exosome miRNA regulatory network analysis still lacking. This study aims to identify CRC stage-associated exosome miRNAs and reveal their potential function in tumor progression. Methods In this study, serum and cellular exosome miRNA expression microarrays associated with CRC were downloaded from GEO database. Stage-common (SC) and stage-specific (SS) differentially expressed miRNAs were extracted and their targets were identified based on 11 databases. Furthermore, miRNA SC and SS regulatory function networks were built based on the CRC phenotypic relevance of miRNA targets, and the corresponding transcription factors were identified. Concurrently, the potential stage-associated miRNAs were identified by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, survival analysis, drug response analysis, ceRNA analysis, pathway analysis and a comprehensive investigation of 159 publications. Results Ten candidate stage-associated miRNAs were identified, with three SC (miR-146a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-23b-3p) and seven SS (I: miR-301a-3p, miR-548i; IIIA: miR-23a-3p; IV: miR-194-3p, miR-33a-3p, miR-485-3p, miR-194-5p) miRNAs. Additionally, their targets were enriched in several vital cancer-associated pathways such as TGF-beta, p53, and hippo signaling pathways. Moreover, five key hotspot target genes (CCNA2, MAPK1, PTPRD, MET, and CDKN1A) were demonstrated to associated with better overall survival in CRC patients. Finally, miR-23b-3p, miR-301a-3p and miR-194-3p were validated being the most stably expressed stage-associated miRNAs in CRC serum exosomes, cell exosomes and tissues. Conclusions These CRC stage-associated exosome miRNAs aid to further mechanism research of tumor progression and provide support for better clinical management in patients with different stages.
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Sempere LF, Azmi AS, Moore A. microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer medicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1662. [PMID: 33998154 PMCID: PMC8519065 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost two decades since the first link between microRNAs and cancer was established. In the ensuing years, this abundant class of short noncoding regulatory RNAs has been studied in virtually all cancer types. This tremendously large body of research has generated innovative technological advances for detection of microRNAs in tissue and bodily fluids, identified the diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive value of individual microRNAs or microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for patient management, shed light on regulatory mechanisms of RNA-RNA interactions that modulate gene expression, uncovered cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell communication roles of specific microRNAs, and developed a battery of viral and nonviral delivery approaches for therapeutic intervention. Despite these intense and prolific research efforts in preclinical and clinical settings, there are a limited number of microRNA-based applications that have been incorporated into clinical practice. We review recent literature and ongoing clinical trials that highlight most promising approaches and standing challenges to translate these findings into viable microRNA-based clinical tools for cancer medicine. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Asfar S. Azmi
- Department of OncologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Karmanos Cancer InstituteDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Anna Moore
- Departments of Radiology and Physiology, Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Ahmed MAE, Mohanad M, Ahmed AAE, Aboulhoda BE, El-Awdan SA. Mechanistic insights into the protective effects of chlorogenic acid against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Modulation of the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis signaling. Life Sci 2021; 275:119370. [PMID: 33744322 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against Indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcer (GU) in rats and its underlying mechanism, especially through autophagic and apoptotic pathways. METHODS Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups; control, IND (50 mg/kg, p.o.), CGA (100 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days), IND pretreated with CGA (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days). The stomach tissues were examined to calculate the ulcer index and analyze markers of autophagy (beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62), lysosomal function (cathepsin-D) and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3), along with expression of Akt/mTOR pathway using western blot or ELISA techniques. In addition, viability of gastric mucosal cells was detected by flowcytometry. Structural changes were assessed histologically, while autophagic and apoptotic changes of gastric mucosa were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS CGA exhibited a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect by reversing IND-induced accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, significant reduction in beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I, and p62 levels, and down-regulation of p-Akt/p-mTOR expression. CGA100 also restored normal autolysosomal function by modulation of cathepsin-D levels. Furthermore, pretreatment with CGA100 was significantly associated with an increase in antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 along with a decrease in proapoptotic Bax and caspase-3 proteins in such a way that impairs IND-induced apoptosis. This was confirmed by CGA-induced significant decrease in annexin V+ cells. CONCLUSIONS The natural compound CGA offers a novel gastroprotective intervention against IND-induced GU through restoration of normal autophagic flux, impairment of apoptosis in a crosstalk mechanism mediated by Akt/mTOR pathway reactivation, and alleviation of IND-induced lysosomal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally A El-Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Salah M, Shaheen I, El-Shanawany P, Eid Saad N, Saad R, El Guibaly M, Momen N. Detection of miR-1246, miR-23a and miR-451 in sera of colorectal carcinoma patients: a case-control study in Cairo University hospital. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1283-1291. [PMID: 33402976 PMCID: PMC7751536 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high morbidity and mortality rates. Invasive techniques and other laboratory tests with variable sensitivity and specificity are currently used in diagnosis. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have bio vital roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dys-regulation of miRNAs is linked to tumour genesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of serum non-invasive biomarkers (micro-RNAs), miR-1246, miR-23a, and miR-451in CRC patients. Methods Peripheral expression of three miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-23a and miR-451) was investigated in sera of 37 CRC Egyptian patients and 30 healthy controls, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction trying to reach the optimal non-invasive combination of miRNAs. Results Serum miR-1246 was up-regulated in sera of CRC patients compared to normal controls (fold change = 3.55; P<0.001) and showed 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity in diagnosis of CRC. Serum miR-451 was significantly down-regulated in CRC patients (fold change = -4.86; p= 0.014), whereas, miR-23a was down-regulated but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-1246 and down-regulation of miR-451 in the sera of primary CRC Egyptian patients were confirmed with high sensitivity and specificity. Large-scale studies on a wider spectrum of miRNAs in Egyptian CRC patients are needed.
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Parent P, Cohen R, Rassy E, Svrcek M, Taieb J, André T, Turpin A. A comprehensive overview of promising biomarkers in stage II colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 88:102059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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miRNA Clusters with Down-Regulated Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer and Their Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134633. [PMID: 32610706 PMCID: PMC7369991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression has been extensively studied with respect to colorectal cancer (CRC), since CRC is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Transcriptional control of miRNAs creating clusters can be, to some extent, estimated from cluster position on a chromosome. Levels of miRNAs are also controlled by miRNAs “sponging” by long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Both types of miRNA regulation strongly influence their function. We focused on clusters of miRNAs found to be down-regulated in CRC, containing miR-1, let-7, miR-15, miR-16, miR-99, miR-100, miR-125, miR-133, miR-143, miR-145, miR-192, miR-194, miR-195, miR-206, miR-215, miR-302, miR-367 and miR-497 and analysed their genome position, regulation and functions. Only evidence provided with the use of CRC in vivo and/or in vitro models was taken into consideration. Comprehensive research revealed that down-regulated miRNA clusters in CRC are mostly located in a gene intron and, in a majority of cases, miRNA clusters possess cluster-specific transcriptional regulation. For all selected clusters, regulation mediated by long ncRNA was experimentally demonstrated in CRC, at least in one cluster member. Oncostatic functions were predominantly linked with the reviewed miRNAs, and their high expression was usually associated with better survival. These findings implicate the potential of down-regulated clusters in CRC to become promising multi-targets for therapeutic manipulation.
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