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Rizky D, Byun JH, Mahardini A, Fukunaga K, Udagawa S, Pringgenies D, Takemura A. Two pathways regulate insulin-like growth factor genes in the brain and liver of the tropical damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea: A possible role for melatonin in the actions of growth and thyroid hormones. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111679. [PMID: 38876439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
External and internal factors are involved in controlling the growth of fishes. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which external factors trigger stimulus signals. This study explored the physiological roles of melatonin in the transcription of growth-related genes in the brain and liver of Chrysiptera cyanea, a tropical damselfish with long-day preference. In brain samples of this species collected at 4-h intervals, the transcript levels of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase2 (aanat2), the rate-limiting enzyme of melatonin synthesis, and growth hormone (gh) peaked at 20:00 and 00:00, respectively. Concomitantly, the transcript levels of insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2) in the brain and liver were upregulated during the scotophase. Levels of iodothyronine deiodinases (dio2 and dio3), enzymes that convert thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3, respectively, increased in the brain (dio2 and dio3) and liver (dio2) during the photophase, whereas dio3 levels in the liver showed the opposite trend. Fish reared in melatonin-containing water exhibited significant increases in the transcription levels of gh and igf1 in the brain and igf1 in the liver, suggesting that growth in this fish is positively regulated by the GH/IGF pathway on a daily basis. Melatonin treatment also stimulated the transcript levels of dio2 and dio3 in the liver, but not in the brain. Fish consuming pellets containing T3, but not T4, showed significant increases in gh and igf1 in the brain and igf1 and igf2 in the liver, suggesting that the intercellular actions of the TH/IGF pathway have an impact on growth on a daily basis. In summary, IGF synthesis and action in the brain and liver undergo dual regulation by distinct hormone networks, which may also be affected by daily, seasonal, or nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinda Rizky
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Jun-Hwan Byun
- Department of Fisheries Biology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Angka Mahardini
- Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Jl. Kedungmundu No.18, Semarang 50273, Indonesia
| | - Kodai Fukunaga
- Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Shingo Udagawa
- Organization for Research Promotion, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Delianis Pringgenies
- Department of Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedarto S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Chen S, Shi C, Ye Y, Li R, Song W, Song C, Mu C, Ren Z, Wang C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Light Spectra Affect the Growth and Molting of Scylla paramamosain by Changing the Chitin Metabolism. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:351-363. [PMID: 38498104 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Light is an essential ecological factor that has been demonstrated to affect aquatic animals' behavior, growth performance, and energy metabolism. Our previous study found that the full-spectrum light and cyan light could promote growth performance and molting frequency of Scylla paramamosain while it was suppressed by violet light. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism that influences light spectral composition on the growth performance and molting of S. paramamosain. RNA-seq analysis and qPCR were employed to assess the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of eyestalks from S. paramamosain reared under full-spectrum light (FL), violet light (VL), and cyan light (CL) conditions after 8 weeks trial. The results showed that there are 5024 DEGs in FL vs. VL, 3398 DEGs in FL vs. CL, and 3559 DEGs in VL vs. CL observed. GO analysis showed that the DEGs enriched in the molecular function category involved in chitin binding, structural molecular activity, and structural constituent of cuticle. In addition, the DEGs in FL vs. VL were mainly enriched in the ribosome, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, lysosome, apoptosis, and antigen processing and presentation pathways by KEGG pathway analysis. Similarly, ribosome, lysosome, and antigen processing and presentation pathways were major terms that enriched in FL vs. CL group. However, only the ribosome pathway was significantly enriched in up-regulated DEGs in VL vs. CL group. Furthermore, five genes were randomly selected from DEGs for qPCR analysis to validate the RNA-seq data, and the result showed that there was high consistency between the RNA-seq and qPCR. Taken together, violet light exposure may affect the growth performance of S. paramamosain by reducing the ability of immunity and protein biosynthesis, and chitin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Marine Economic Research Center, Dong Hai Strategic Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Marine Economic Research Center, Dong Hai Strategic Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Changbin Song
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhiming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, China
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Alba G, Carrillo S, Sánchez‐Vázquez FJ, López‐Olmeda JF. Combined blue light and daily thermocycles enhance zebrafish growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A: ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:501-515. [PMID: 35189038 PMCID: PMC9303188 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Sherezade Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez‐Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - José Fernando López‐Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” University of Murcia Murcia Spain
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Kasagi S, Mizusawa K, Takahashi A. The effects of chromatic lights on body color and gene expressions of melanin-concentrating hormone and proopiomelanocortin in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113266. [PMID: 31493394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of photic environments, such as background color (white and black) and chromatic lights (blue, green, and red), on body color and gene expressions of melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) in the brain and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) in the pituitary, as well as the roles of the eyes and brain as mediators of ambient light to these genes, were examined in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Body color of goldfish exposed to fluorescent light (FL) under white background (WBG) was paler than those under black background (BBG). Gene expression levels for mch and pomc were reciprocally different depending on background color; under WBG, mRNA levels of mch and pomc were high and low, respectively, while under BBG, these levels were reversed. mch and pomc mRNA expressions of the fish exposed to chromatic light from LED were primarily similar to those exposed to FL, while blue light stimulated the expressions of mch and pomc. Ophthalmectomized goldfish exposed to FL or blue light showed minimum expression levels of mch gene, suggesting that eyes are the major mediator of ambient light for mch gene expression. Contrastingly, mRNA expressions of pomc in ophthalmectomized goldfish exposed to FL were different from those of intact goldfish. These results suggest that eyes play a functional role in mediating ambient light to regulate pomc gene expression. Since ophthalmectomy caused an increase in pomc mRNA contents in the fish exposed to blue light, we suggest that the brain is an additional mediator to regulate pomc gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kasagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Kanta Mizusawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takahashi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Shimizu D, Kasagi S, Takeuchi R, Maeda T, Furufuji S, Mizusawa K, Andoh T, Takahashi A. Effects of green light on the growth of spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus, and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and on the endocrine system of spotted halibut at different water temperatures. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 271:82-90. [PMID: 30419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the somatic growth of barfin flounder, Verasper moseri, was promoted by green light. The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether growth-promoting effect of green light can be observed in other flatfishes and to understand the roles of endocrine systems in green light-induced growth. Herein, we demonstrated facilitation of growth by green light in the spotted halibut, Verasper variegatus, and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Blue and blue-green light showed potencies that were similar to that of green light, while the potencies of red and white light were equivalent to that of ambient light (control). We also examined the effects of green light on growth and endocrine systems of V. variegatus at various water temperatures. Growth of the fish was facilitated by green light at four different water temperatures examined; the fish were reared for 31 days at 12 and 21 °C, and 30 days at 15 and 18 °C. Increase in condition factor was observed at 15 and 18 °C. Among the genes encoding hypothalamic hormones, expression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone 1 (mch1) were enhanced by green light at the four water temperatures. Expression levels of other genes including mch2 increased at certain water temperatures. No difference was observed in the expression levels of pituitary hormone genes, including those of growth hormone and members of proopiomelanocortin family, and in plasma levels of members of the insulin family. The results suggest that green light may generally stimulate growth of flatfishes. Moreover, it is conceivable that MCH, production of which is stimulated by green light, is a key hormone; it augments food intake, which is intimately coupled with somatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimizu
- Miyako Laboratory, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Miyako, Iwate 027-0097, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryota Takeuchi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maeda
- Miyako Laboratory, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Miyako, Iwate 027-0097, Japan
| | | | - Kanta Mizusawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tadashi Andoh
- Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takahashi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
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