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Tang N, Li Y, Li Y, Xu S, Wang M, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang S, Wu H, Zhang X, Zhou B, Li Z. Motilin, a Novel Orexigenic Factor, Involved in Feeding Regulation in Yangtze Sturgeon ( Acipenser dabryanus). Biomolecules 2024; 14:433. [PMID: 38672450 PMCID: PMC11048545 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Motilin is a gastrointestinal hormone that is mainly produced in the duodenum of mammals, and it is responsible for regulating appetite. However, the role and expression of motilin are poorly understood during starvation and the weaning stage, which is of great importance in the seeding cultivation of fish. In this study, the sequences of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus Motilin (AdMotilin)) motilin receptor (AdMotilinR) were cloned and characterized. The results of tissue expression showed that by contrast with mammals, AdMotilin mRNA was richly expressed in the brain, whereas AdMotilinR was highly expressed in the stomach, duodenum, and brain. Weaning from a natural diet of T. Limnodrilus to commercial feed significantly promoted the expression of AdMotilin in the brain during the period from day 1 to day 10, and after re-feeding with T. Limnodrilus the change in expression of AdMotilin was partially reversed. Similarly, it was revealed that fasting increased the expression of AdMotilin in the brain (3 h, 6 h) and duodenum (3 h), and the expression of AdMotilinR in the brain (1 h) in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was observed that peripheral injection of motilin-NH2 increased food intake and the filling index of the digestive tract in the Yangtze sturgeon, which was accompanied by the changes of AdMotilinR and appetite factors expression in the brain (POMC, CART, AGRP, NPY and CCK) and stomach (CCK). These results indicate that motilin acts as an indicator of nutritional status, and also serves as a novel orexigenic factor that stimulates food intake in Acipenser dabryanus. This study lays a strong foundation for the application of motilin as a biomarker in the estimation of hunger in juvenile Acipenser dabryanu during the weaning phase, and enhances the understanding of the role of motilin as a novel regulator of feeding in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yingzi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bin Wang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (N.T.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (M.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (H.W.); (X.Z.)
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Matsumoto M, Takemi S, Sakai T, Sakata I. Identification of motilin in Japanese fire bellied newt. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114031. [PMID: 35331740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Motilin, a peptide hormone consisting of 22 amino acid residues, was identified in the duodenum of pigs in the 1970s. It is known to induce gastrointestinal contractions during the interdigestive state in mammals. Although the motilin gene has been identified in various animal species, it has not been studied in amphibians. Here, we identified the motilin gene in the Japanese fire bellied newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster), and conducted an analysis of tissue distribution, morphological observations, and physiological experiments. The deduced mature newt motilin comprises 22 amino acid residues, like in mammals and birds. The C-terminus of the newt motilin showed high homology with motilin from other species compared to the N-terminus region, which is considered the bioactive site. Motilin mRNA expression in newts was abundant in the upper small intestine, with notably high motilin mRNA expression found in the pancreas. Motilin-producing cells were found in the mucosal layer of the upper small intestine and existed as two cell types: open-and closed-type cells. Motilin-producing cells in the pancreas were also found to produce insulin but not glucagon. Newt motilin stimulated gastric contractions but not in other parts of the intestines in vitro, and motilin-induced gastric contraction was significantly inhibited by treatment with atropine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. These results indicate that motilin is also present in amphibians, and that its gastrointestinal contractile effects are conserved in mammals, birds, and amphibians. Additionally, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of pancreatic motilin, suggesting that newt motilin has an additional unknown physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Matsumoto
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakai
- Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakuraku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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Zuo C, Lyu L, Zou W, Wen H, Li Y, Qi X. TAC3/TACR3 System Function in the Catadromous Migration Teleost, Anguilla japonica. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:848808. [PMID: 35937808 PMCID: PMC9355281 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.848808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB), a member of the tachykinin (TAC) family, plays important roles in mammalian neuropeptide secretion in related to reproduction. However, its potential role in spawning migration teleost is less clear. In the present study, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) was employed to study the performance of NKB in regulating reproduction. Results showed that two tac3 and one tacr3 genes were identified in Japanese eel. Sequence analysis showed that two tac3 transcripts, tac3a and tac3b, encode four NKBs: NKBa-13, NKBa-10, NKBb-13, and NKBb-10. However, compared with other species, a mutation caused early termination of TACR3 protein was confirmed, leading to the loss of the 35 amino acid (aa) C-terminal of the receptor. Expression analysis in different tissues showed that both tac3a and tac3b mRNAs were highly expressed in the brain. In situ hybridization localized both tac3a and tac3b mRNAs to several brain regions, mainly in the telencephalon and hypothalamus. Because of the mutation in TACR3 of Japanese eel, we further analyzed whether it could activate the downstream signaling pathway. Luciferase assay results showed the negative regulation of cAMP Response Element (CRE) and Sterol Response Element (SRE) signal pathways by Japanese eel NKBs. Intraperitoneal injection of four different NKB mature peptides at 100 ng/g had negative effect on either gnrh or gth gene expression. However, the high concentration of NKBa-10 and NKBb-13 (1,000 ng/g) upregulated mgnrh and fshb or lhb expression level significantly, which may be mediated by other receptors. In general, the NKBs/NK3Rs system has important functions in regulating eel puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpeng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Likang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhui Zou
- College of Ocean, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Qi,
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Kitazawa T, Kaiya H. Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:700884. [PMID: 34497583 PMCID: PMC8419268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.700884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Motilin, produced in endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper intestine, is an important regulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in the stomach of humans, dogs and house musk shrews through the specific motilin receptor (MLN-R). Motilin-induced MMC contributes to the maintenance of normal GI functions and transmits a hunger signal from the stomach to the brain. Motilin has been identified in various mammals, but the physiological roles of motilin in regulating GI motility in these mammals are well not understood due to inconsistencies between studies conducted on different species using a range of experimental conditions. Motilin orthologs have been identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, and the sequence of avian motilin is relatively close to that of mammals, but reptile, amphibian and fish motilins show distinctive different sequences. The MLN-R has also been identified in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates, and can be divided into two main groups: mammal/bird/reptile/amphibian clade and fish clade. Almost 50 years have passed since discovery of motilin, here we reviewed the structure, distribution, receptor and the GI motility regulatory function of motilin in vertebrates from fish to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takio Kitazawa
- Comparative Animal Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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Liu Y, Wang H, Wen H, Shi Y, Zhang M, Qi X, Zhang K, Gong Q, Li J, He F, Hu Y, Li Y. First High-Density Linkage Map and QTL Fine Mapping for Growth-Related Traits of Spotted Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:526-538. [PMID: 32424479 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Possessing powerful adaptive capacity and a pleasant taste, spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) has a broad natural distribution and is one of the most popular mariculture fish in China. However, the genetic improvement program for this fish is still in its infancy. Growth is the most economically important trait and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL); thus, the identification of QTLs and genetic markers for growth-related traits is an essential step for the establishment of marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs. In this study, we report the first high-density linkage map of spotted sea bass constructed by sequencing 333 F1 generation individuals in a full-sib family using 2b-RAD technology. A total of 6883 SNP markers were anchored onto 24 linkage groups, spanning 2189.96 cM with an average marker interval of 0.33 cM. Twenty-four growth-related QTLs, including 13 QTLs for body weight and 11 QTLs for body length, were successfully detected, with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) ranging from 5.1 to 8.6%. Thirty potential candidate growth-related genes surrounding the associated SNPs were involved in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton reorganization, calcium channels, and neuromodulation. Notably, the fgfr4 gene was detected in the most significant QTL; this gene plays a pivotal role in myogenesis and bone growth. The results of this study may facilitate marker-assisted selection for breeding populations and establish the foundation for further genomic and genetic studies investigating spotted sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Meizhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qingli Gong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Zhang Z, Wen H, Li Y, Li Q, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Lyu L, Qi X. TAC3 Gene Products Regulate Brain and Digestive System Gene Expression in the Spotted Sea Bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:556. [PMID: 31474940 PMCID: PMC6702303 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin B (NKB) is a member of the tachykinin (tac) family that plays important roles in mammalian growth by modulating prolactin (PRL) synthesis and secretion and causing contraction of the stomach and intestine. However, its potential role in regulating growth of teleosts is less clear. We aimed to explore the role that NKB plays in regulating fish growth using the spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) as a model. In the present study, two tac3 and two tacr3 genes were identified in the spotted sea bass. Sequence analysis showed that two tac3 transcripts, tac3a and tac3b, encode four NKBs: NKBa-13, NKBa-10, NKBb-13, and NKBb-10. Expression analysis in different tissues showed that both genes are highly expressed in the brain, stomach and intestine of the spotted sea bass. In situ hybridization indicated that the tac3a and tac3b mRNAs are both localized in several brain regions, such as the telencephalon and hypothalamus, and that tacr3a and tacr3b are localized in the intestinal villus and gastric gland. To investigate the potential role of NKBs in regulating growth, in vitro experiments were performed to detect the effect of NKBs on growth-related gene expression in the brain and brain-gut peptide (BGP)-related genes in the stomach and intestine. NKBb-13 was the most critical ligand in regulating the expression of growth-related genes in the brain and brain-gut peptide (BGP)-related genes in the stomach. The expression of cholecystokinin (cck) was enhanced by NKBa-13, NKBa-10, and NKBb-10 but not NKBb-13 in the intestine. In general, our results showed that NKBs participate in regulating the growth of spotted sea bass.
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