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Song X, Liu L, Chang M, Geng X, Wang X, Wang W, Chen TC, Xie L, Song X. NEO212 induces mitochondrial apoptosis and impairs autophagy flux in ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:239. [PMID: 31174569 PMCID: PMC6554966 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Temozolomide-perillyl alcohol conjugate (NEO212), a novel temozolomide (TMZ) analog, was previously reported to exert its anti-cancer effect in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), etc.. In the current study, we intend to illuminate the potential anticancer property and the underly mechanisms of NEO212 in ovarian cancer cells. Methods The cytotoxicity of NEO212 was detected by MTT, colony formation analysis and xenograft model. The proteins involved in cell proliferation, DNA damage, autophagy and lysosomal function were detected by western blots; mitochondria, lysosome and autophagosome were visualized by TEM and/or immunofluorescence; Apoptosis, cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. TFEB translocation was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Results NEO212 has the potential anticancer property in ovarian cancer cells, as evidence from cell proliferation inhibition, G2/M arrest, DNA damage, xenograft, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Importantly, we observed that although it induced significant accumulation of autophagosomes, NEO212 quenched GFP-LC3 degradation, down-regulated a series of lysosome related gene expression and blocked the autophagic flux, which significantly facilitated it induced apoptosis and was largely because it inhibited the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (EB). Conclusions NEO212 inhibited TFEB translocation, and impaired the lysosomal function, implying NEO212 might avoid from autophagy mediated chemo-resistance, thus proposing NEO212 as a potential therapeutic candidate for ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1249-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Chang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Geng
- Maternity & Child Care Center of Dezhou, Dongdizhong Street 835#, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, and Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas C Chen
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, and Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Li Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Ji-Yan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Pletsas D, Garelnabi EAE, Li L, Phillips RM, Wheelhouse RT. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship of imidazotetrazine prodrugs with activity independent of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, DNA mismatch repair, and p53. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7120-32. [PMID: 23895620 DOI: 10.1021/jm401121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor prodrug temozolomide is compromised by its dependence for activity on DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and the repair of the chemosensitive DNA lesion, O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG), by O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.1.63, MGMT). Tumor response is also dependent on wild-type p53. Novel 3-(2-anilinoethyl)-substituted imidazotetrazines are reported that have activity independent of MGMT, MMR, and p53. This is achieved through a switch of mechanism so that bioactivity derives from imidazotetrazine-generated arylaziridinium ions that principally modify guanine-N7 sites on DNA. Mono- and bifunctional analogues are reported, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study identified the p-tolyl-substituted bifunctional congener as optimized for potency, MGMT-independence, and MMR-independence. NCI60 data show the tumor cell response is distinct from other imidazotetrazines and DNA-guanine-N7 active agents such as nitrogen mustards and cisplatin. The new imidazotetrazine compounds are promising agents for further development, and their improved in vitro activity validates the principles on which they were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Pletsas
- School of Pharmacy and ‡Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford , Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, U.K
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Agarwal R, Linch M, Kaye SB. Novel therapeutic agents in ovarian cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:875-86. [PMID: 16704916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Epithelial ovarian cancer is responsible for 4% of all cancer deaths in women, and the five-year overall survival of patients with advanced disease is 30-40%. Treatment currently comprises a combination of surgery and chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The main reason for treatment failure is that the majority of patients present with advanced disease, and current drugs are unable to effect a cure even in chemosensitive patients. This article systematically reviews novel therapeutic strategies that have been evaluated in patients with ovarian cancer in the last 5 years. METHODS Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed) and American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual conference abstracts were searched using the terms "(phase I OR phase II OR phase III OR phase 1 OR phase 2 OR phase 3) AND (ovary OR ovarian) AND (cancer OR carcinoma)" from January 2000 to May 2005 to identify studies for potential inclusion in this review. Reviews of novel therapies in ovarian cancer were also used to identify additional clinical trials. FINDINGS A wide range of therapeutic strategies are currently being evaluated in ovarian cancer. These include novel cytotoxics, small molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy and immuno-therapy strategies. The rationale for the development of these agents includes enhancement of efficacy by targeting novel biological pathways, re-sensitisation to existing drugs, simplification of drug administration and/or reduction of drug-toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Current developments have the potential to result in substantial improvements in the outlook for women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agarwal
- Section of Medicine, Institute for Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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