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Os SS, Skipar K, Skovlund E, Hompland I, Hellebust TP, Guren MG, Lindemann K, Nakken ES. Survival prediction in patients with gynecological cancer irradiated for brain metastases. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:206-212. [PMID: 38647023 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2023.34899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This large population-based, retrospective, single-center study aimed to identify prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases (BM) from gynecological cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and forty four patients with BM from gynecological cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT) were identified. Primary cancer diagnosis, age, performance status, number of BM, presence of extracranial disease, and type of BM treatment were assessed. Overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariable analysis. A prognostic index (PI) was developed based on scores from independent predictors of OS. RESULTS Median OS for the entire study population was 6.2 months. Forty per cent of patients died within 3 months after start of RT. Primary cancer with the origin in cervix or vulva (p = 0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 3-4 (p < 0.001), and the presence of extracranial disease (p = 0.001) were associated with significantly shorter OS. The developed PI based on these factors, categorized patients into three risk groups with a median OS of 13.5, 4.0, and 2.4 months for the good, intermediate, and poor prognosis group, respectively. INTERPRETATION Patients with BM from gynecological cancers carry a poor prognosis. We identified prognostic factors and developed a scoring tool to select patients with better or worse prognosis. Patients in the high-risk group have a particular poor prognosis, and omission of RT could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Skjelsvik Os
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Skipar
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | - Eva Skovlund
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ivar Hompland
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marianne Grønlie Guren
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Lindemann
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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George N, Bhandari P, Shruptha P, Jayaram P, Chaudhari S, Satyamoorthy K. Multidimensional outlook on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer invasion and metastasis. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2581-2606. [PMID: 36905477 PMCID: PMC10006576 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer being one of the primary causes of high mortality rates among women is an area of concern, especially with ineffective treatment strategies. Extensive studies are carried out to understand various aspects of cervical cancer initiation, development and progression; however, invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma has poor outcomes. Moreover, the advanced stages of cervical cancer may involve lymphatic circulation with a high risk of tumor recurrence at distant metastatic sites. Dysregulation of the cervical microbiome by human papillomavirus (HPV) together with immune response modulation and the occurrence of novel mutations that trigger genomic instability causes malignant transformation at the cervix. In this review, we focus on the major risk factors as well as the functionally altered signaling pathways promoting the transformation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We further elucidate genetic and epigenetic variations to highlight the complexity of causal factors of cervical cancer as well as the metastatic potential due to the changes in immune response, epigenetic regulation, DNA repair capacity, and cell cycle progression. Our bioinformatics analysis on metastatic and non-metastatic cervical cancer datasets identified various significantly and differentially expressed genes as well as the downregulation of potential tumor suppressor microRNA miR-28-5p. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the genomic landscape in invasive and metastatic cervical cancer will help in stratifying the patient groups and designing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena George
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Poonam Bhandari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padival Shruptha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Planetarium Complex, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Kimata A, Abdulrazeq H, Kritselis M, Riccelli T, Anderson M, Dowd R, Dellale I, Sampath P. Metastatic cervical carcinoma to the brain masquerading as a butterfly glioma: A case report. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:275. [PMID: 37680913 PMCID: PMC10481794 DOI: 10.25259/sni_329_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic cervical cancer to the brain is a rare occurrence, representing approximately 1.5% of metastatic cases. We report a rare presentation of cervical cancer with brain metastasis to the corpus callosum. The patient was initially suspected to have a primary glioma but was diagnosed with a metastatic cervical carcinoma lesion through both stereotactic and then opens biopsy. Case Description A 53-year-old female, with Stage III adenosquamous cervical carcinoma, presented with a large heterogeneously enhancing mass in the corpus callosum body with extension in the cingulate gyrus concerning for glioma. A stereotactic biopsy revealed hypercellular and gliotic brain tissue, while an open biopsy showed an epithelioid neoplasm consistent with metastatic cervical adenosquamous carcinoma. The patient underwent a craniotomy and recovered well and was discharged in stable condition. Conclusion Brain metastases from cervical cancer are uncommon. We present a rare case of metastatic cervical carcinoma which appeared on imaging to mimic a butterfly glioma. The patient's history and histopathological examination were essential in determining the correct diagnosis and receiving timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kimata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Hael Abdulrazeq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Michael Kritselis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Tori Riccelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Matthew Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Richard Dowd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Ivana Dellale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Prakash Sampath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Sandhu M, Agrawal K, Caicedo Murillo M, Heritage C, Ramovic M, Akhtar K. A Rare Case of Aggressive Atypical Cervical Cancer With Multi-Organ Involvement. Cureus 2022; 14:e32968. [PMID: 36578845 PMCID: PMC9792719 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of cervical origin with metastasis to the brain is rare. Our patient was a 30-year-old Caucasian female with squamous cell carcinoma, initially with unknown primary, with metastases to the brain, kidney, cervix, lung, adrenal glands, vulva, pelvic wall, and scalp. She initially presented to her outpatient gynecologist for a vulvar mass. A biopsy of the vulvar mass was consistent with SCC. The patient continued to have fatigue along with thoracic rib pain. An initial work-up was performed, including imaging which showed diffuse metastatic disease involving the lungs, kidneys and adrenal glands, as well as a pathological compression fracture of the seventh thoracic vertebra with cord compression. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple metastatic lesions and she underwent craniotomy for brain lesion resection. Given the aggressive nature of the patient's disease and her symptomatic burden, she was started on chemotherapy in the hospital with Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Pembrolizumab.
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Nieder C, Andratschke NH, Grosu AL. Personalized treatment of brain metastases: Evolving survival prediction models may benefit from evaluation of serum tumor markers (narrative review). Front Oncol 2022; 12:1081558. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of a limited number of brain metastases (oligometastases) might include complex and sometimes invasive approaches, e.g. neurosurgical resection followed by post-operative stereotactic radiotherapy, and thus, correct identification of patients who are appropriate candidates is crucial. Both, staging procedures that visualize the true number of metastastic lesions and prognostic assessments that identify patients with limited survival, who should be managed with less complex, palliative approaches, are necessary before proceeding with local treatment that aims at eradication of all oligometastases. Some of the prognostic models, e.g. the LabBM score (laboratory parameters in patients with brain metastases), include blood biomarkers believed to represent surrogate markers of disease extent. In a recent study, patients with oligometastases and a LabBM score of 0 (no abnormal biomarkers) had an actuarial 5-year survival rate of 27% after neurosurgical resection and 39% after stereotactic radiotherapy. Other studies have tied serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to survival outcomes. Even if head-to-head comparisons and large-scale definitive analyses are lacking, the available data suggest that attempts to integrate tumor marker levels in blood biomarker-based survival prediction models are warranted.
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Brain Metastases from Gynecologic Malignancies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58040548. [PMID: 35454386 PMCID: PMC9028561 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To present a series of brain metastases from gynecologic primaries and provide a summary of the relevant literature. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively review 18 patients with histologically confirmed brain metastases from gynecologic primaries and summarize the largest series of relative reports. Results: Six brain metastases were of endometrial primary and 12 of ovarian primary. In 3 cases (16.7%), diagnosis of brain metastases was made at presentation of the gynecologic primary; in the others, median time to development of brain metastasis was 34 (range, 6–115) months. Median survival after brain metastasis diagnosis was 5 (range, 1–89) months. Favorable prognostic factors were better performance status (p = 0.04) and, marginally, smaller metastasis size (p = 0.06). No differences in brain metastases between endometrial and ovarian primaries were found, except for the time interval from primary to brain metastases diagnosis, which was shorter for endometrial tumors (p = 0.05). A comprehensive summary of previous studies is provided. Conclusions: Performance status and smaller brain metastases size are good prognostic factors. Endometrial cancer brain metastases develop earlier than ovarian cancer brain metastases.
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Bipath P, Stopforth LW, Naicker S, Govender P, Sibanda W, Walker L. Establishing the utility of Recursive Partitioning Analysis for patients with intra-cranial metastases managed in a KwaZulu-Natal state sector Oncology unit. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4102/sajo.v5i0.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Gill CM, D'Andrea MR, Tomita S, Suhner J, Umphlett M, Zakashansky K, Blank SV, Tsankova N, Shrivastava RK, Fowkes M, Kolev V. Tumor immune microenvironment in brain metastases from gynecologic malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2951-2960. [PMID: 33713153 PMCID: PMC10992931 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The density and distribution of the tumor immune microenvironment associated with brain metastases (BM) from gynecologic malignancies are unknown and have not been previously reported. We sought to describe the clinical features of a cohort of patients with BM from gynecologic malignancies and to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment from available archival surgical specimens. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of electronic medical records from 2002 to 2018 for patients with BM from gynecologic malignancies. Data on patient characteristics, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were procured. CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD68, CD163, and FOXP3 immunohistochemistry were evaluated from available archival surgical specimens from primary disease site and neurosurgical resection. RESULTS A cohort of 44 patients with BM from gynecologic malignancies was identified, 21 (47.7%) endometrial primaries and 23 (52.3%) ovarian primaries. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were evaluated in 13 primary cases and 15 BM cases. For the 13 primary cases, CD4+ TILs were evident in 76.9% of cases, CD8+ in 92.3%, CD45RO+ in 92.3%, and FOXP3+ in 46.2%, as well as CD68+ TAMs in 100% and CD163+ in 100%. For the 15 BM cases, CD4+ TILs were evident in 60.0% of cases, CD8+ in 93.3%, CD45RO+ in 73.3%, and FOXP3+ in 35.7%, as well as CD68+ TAMs in 86.7% and CD163+ in 100%. CONCLUSION An active tumor immune microenvironment is present with similar distribution in the primary disease site and BM from patients with gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Gill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Megan R D'Andrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shannon Tomita
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jessa Suhner
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melissa Umphlett
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Konstantin Zakashansky
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephanie V Blank
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nadejda Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Raj K Shrivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Valentin Kolev
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Pineal gland metastasis from uterine serous carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021; 36:100738. [PMID: 33850993 PMCID: PMC8022149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2021.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UPSC has a higher tendency for distant metastasis compared to other histologies. Intracranial metastasis occurs in less than 1% of endometrial cancer cases. Multimodal therapy is associated with improved outcomes for intracranial UPSC.
Uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) is a highly aggressive endometrial cancer histology with a propensity for distant metastasis. Despite the aggressive nature of UPSC, central nervous system metastasis is a rare occurrence with few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman with a history of Stage IIIA UPSC who was diagnosed with recurrent, metastatic disease in the pineal gland more than 6 years after her initial diagnosis.
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Brain Metastases from Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030519. [PMID: 33572880 PMCID: PMC7866278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with brain metastases from uterine cervical carcinoma (CC) and uterine endometrial carcinoma (EC). The findings of this review indicate the factors that can facilitate better treatment selection and, consequently, better outcomes in patients with CC and EC. Abstract Reports on brain metastases (BMs) from uterine cervical carcinoma (CC) and uterine endometrial carcinoma (EC) have recently increased due to the development of massive databases and improvements in diagnostic procedures. This review separately investigates the prevalence, clinical characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of BMs from CC and uterine endometrial carcinoma EC. For patients with CC, early-stage disease and poorly differentiated carcinoma lead to BMs, and elderly age, poor performance status, and multiple BMs are listed as poor prognostic factors. Advanced-stage disease and high-grade carcinoma are high-risk factors for BMs from EC, and multiple metastases and extracranial metastases, or unimodal therapies, are possibly factors indicating poor prognosis. There is no “most effective” therapy that has gained consensus for the treatment of BMs. Treatment decisions are based on clinical status, number of the metastases, tumor size, and metastases at distant organs. Surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy appears to be the best treatment approach to date. Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy has been increasingly associated with good outcomes in preserving cognitive functions. Despite treatment, patients died within 1 year after the BM diagnosis. BMs from uterine cancer remain quite rare, and the current evidence is limited; thus, further studies are needed.
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Sun S, Lian X, Liu X, Ma J, Hou X, Zhang F, Hu K. Multimodal Therapy is a Better Choice for Patients with Brain Metastasis from Cervical Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12395-12402. [PMID: 33293865 PMCID: PMC7719318 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s283673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prognostic factors and optimal management of cervical cancer patients with brain metastasis (BM). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 7098 consecutive patients with cervical cancer from January 2000 to December 2019. Data for a total of 24 BM patients with cervical cancer were analyzed retrospectively in the present study. Results The incidence of BM from cervical cancer in our institution was 0.38%. The mean survival time was 7.2 months (median 6.2 months, 0.1–21.2 months). In the univariate analysis, the histopathology of neuroendocrine cancer, 2018 FIGO stage, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) at BM diagnosis, and treatment strategy were identified to be significant prognostic indicators for the survival of patients with BM from cervical cancer. In the multivariate analysis, KPS, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for survival. Recursive partition analysis (RPA) appeared to be a better prognostic tool than the other prognosis scoring classification systems. Conclusion When patients with BM from cervical cancer have good performance status and undergo comprehensive treatment, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, their survival time could be significantly prolonged. Patients with surgical indications may get better survival by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients with BMs ≥3 may get better survival by whole-brain radiotherapy. But further studies are needed regarding the selection of surgical indications and radiotherapy modes. The prognosis scoring classification system for BM from cervical cancer needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Kasherman L, Madariaga A, Rouzbahman M, Murphy K, Shultz D, Stockley T, Oza AM. Across barriers: poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors beyond progression in high grade serous ovarian cancer with brain metastases. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 31:139-143. [PMID: 32998861 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kasherman
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ainhoa Madariaga
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marjan Rouzbahman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran Murphy
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Shultz
- Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amit M Oza
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, clinicopathologic characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with brain metastasis (BM) from gynecologic malignancies in a large hospital-based database. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was accessed and patients with ovarian, uterine, or cervical cancer and BM were identified. We identified those who received radiation therapy (RT) as whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to determine median overall survival (OS) and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 853 patients with BM were identified. The rate of BMs upon diagnosis was 0.4% (211/57,160) for patients with cervical cancer, 0.2% (498/243,785) for patients with uterine, and 0.2% (144/92,301) for ovarian malignancies. Only 30.4% had isolated BM, while 52.2% had lung metastasis. Approximately half of the patients (50.1%) received chemotherapy, while brain RT was administered to 324 (38%) patients. Among patients who received brain RT, only 60 (18.5%) had SRS, while 264 (81.5%) had WBRT. Patients who underwent SRS had a better survival (n=47, median OS=9 mo) than those who received WBRT (n=201, median OS=4.73 mo, P=0.018), or those who did not receive any brain RT (n=370, median OS=4.01 mo, P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of BM among patients with gynecologic malignancies is rare and associated with poor survival. For select patients, SRS may be associated with prolonged survival.
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Xi S, Li Z, Guo Q, Lin W, Liang X, Ma L. Prognostic Factors among Brain Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Ovary Cancer: A Large Real-world Study. J Cancer 2020; 11:4625-4640. [PMID: 32489480 PMCID: PMC7255353 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Population-based data on the prognosis of brain metastases at initial diagnosis of ovary cancer (OCBM) are currently lacking. Besides, the effective treatment for OCBM patients is still controversial now. The study aimed to explore the prognostic factors among OCBM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the OCBM patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute to investigate predictors of the presence of OCBM and its' prognostic factors related to all-cause mortality. We employed multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, to minimize the impact of potential confounding factors, we conducted a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Results: A total of 29,512 cases of OC patients entered into the study, including 89 patients with brain metastases of ovarian cancer, which accounted for 0.30% of the entire cohort and 12.02% of the metastatic disease subset. We identified eight factors, including laterality, histology, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and extracranial metastatic sites to bone, liver, and lung, as predictors of OCBM based on multivariable logistic regression among the entire cohort. The median survival time of OCBM was 2.0 months, and the interquartile range was 2.0-10.0 mo. The patients who received comprehensive treatment had better prognosis. Based on the multivariable Cox model, marital status, surgery, chemotherapy, and extensive therapy (including RSC, SC, and RC) were identified as predictors of OS. Besides, a new factor (brain metastasis) was identified by 1:1 PSM -based multiple Cox regression, apart from the above prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: This study provided a population-based estimate of the proportion and prognosis for newly diagnosed ovary cancer with brain metastases. These findings may add materials to guidelines for preliminary screening and optimal treatment of OCBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Xi
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zaiyi Li
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of gynaechology, Shengjing Hospital Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaokun Liang
- Shenzhen Colleges of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Lin Ma
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Metastases to the central nervous system: Molecular basis and clinical considerations. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116755. [PMID: 32120132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic tumors are the most common malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults. CNS metastases are associated with unfavorable prognosis, high morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer is the most common source of brain metastases, followed by breast cancer and melanoma. Rising incidence is primarily due to improvements in systemic control of primary malignancies, prolonged survival and advances in cancer detection. PURPOSE To provide an overview of the metastatic cascade and the role of angiogenesis, neuroinflammation, metabolic adaptations, and clinical details about brain metastases from different primary tumors. METHODS A review of the literature on brain metastases was conducted, focusing on the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the disease. PubMed was used to search for relevant articles published from January 1975 through December 2019 using the keywords brain metabolism, brain metastasis, metastatic cascade, molecular mechanisms, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis. 146 articles met the criteria and were included in this review. DISCUSSION Some primary tumors have a higher tendency to metastasize to the CNS. Establishing a suitable metastatic microenvironment is important in maintaining tumor cell growth and survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Available treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and systemic targeted therapies. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of metastases to the CNS remains a difficult challenge. Advances in screening of high-risk patients and future development of novel treatments may improve patient outcomes.
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Pathologically confirmed brain metastases from primary uterine cervical tumors: two cases and a literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:174. [PMID: 31672152 PMCID: PMC6824018 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathologically confirmed brain metastasis from primary cervical cancer is extremely rare. Herein, we report two cases of intracranial metastasis from cervical cancer that were histopathologically confirmed after surgical excision. In addition, we conducted a literature review to characterize the clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, and treatment of these patients. Case summary Among the 1800 patients with primary cervical cancer who received therapy at our center from 2010 to 2018, two patients (0.1%) had definite histopathological evidence of brain metastasis. A 46-year-old female who had a history of poorly differentiated stage IIB cervical cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation presented with a solitary mass in the right occipital lobe 26 months after the initial diagnosis. She underwent surgery and chemotherapy but died of disease progression 9 months later. Another 55-year-old female diagnosed with poorly differentiated stage IVB cervical squamous cancer presented with a solitary mass in the right frontal lobe 16 months after simple hysterectomy. Twelve months later, multiple lesions were observed in the bilateral frontal-parietal lobe. The lesions were treated by surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. The patient died of multiple organ failure 14 months later. Conclusion The pathogenesis and best management of brain metastasis from cervical cancer are not clear. Highly invasive subtypes or advanced cancer stages may be the key clinicopathological factors of brain metastasis. Surgical treatment is warranted in patients with a good health status and without metastasis to other sites.
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Takayanagi A, Florence TJ, Hariri OR, Armstrong A, Yazdian P, Sumida A, Quadri SA, Cohen J, Tehrani OS. Brain metastases from cervical cancer reduce longevity independent of overall tumor burden. Surg Neurol Int 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 31583173 PMCID: PMC6763668 DOI: 10.25259/sni_37_2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Isolated brain metastasis (IBM) from cervical cancer is a very rare encounter in neurosurgery. We sought to understand how patients with isolated brain metastases differ from those with metastases in the setting of widespread disease. Methods: A systematic review was completed using PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Patients with isolated brain metastases (IBM) and non-isolated brain metastases (NIBM, or brain metastases in the setting of disseminated disease), were compared. Two-sided statistical tests were used to determine significance. Survival function was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: A total of 89 patients, 25 with IBM and 64 with NIBM, were identified. The time interval between initial diagnosis of cervical cancer and diagnosis of brain lesion was significantly shorter in the IBM group (median 7.5 vs. 20.05 months, and IBM vs. NIBM, respectively; P = 0.006). Overall survival from initial diagnosis of cervical cancer was significantly shorter for the IBM group versus the NIBM group (7.63 vs. 26.3 months, respectively; P = 0.0005). Data demonstrate a 3.4-fold reduction of median life expectancy to 7.63 months. Survival after diagnosis of brain metastases did not differ between groups (median, IBM 7 months vs. NIBM 4 months, P = 0.08). Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that for cervical cancer patients with brain metastasis intracranial metastasis itself (and not overall tumor burden) represent a sentinel event in limiting longevity. While the present study is underpowered to compare treatment options directly, further work should be focused on determining the optimal treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Takayanagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health Systems, Moreno Valley, USA
| | - T J Florence
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Omid R Hariri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, USA
| | - Abigail Armstrong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Santa Monica, USA
| | - Pouria Yazdian
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Yazd Province, Iran
| | - Andrew Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Education and Research, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, USA
| | - Syed A Quadri
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Orange County, Anaheim, USA
| | - Omid S Tehrani
- Department of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Chakrabarti D, Resu AV, Pandey A, Gupta R. Carcinoma cervix with cerebellar metastases presenting with pulmonary aspiration: a rare presentation and a rare metastatic site in a common cancer. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e229063. [PMID: 31352376 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-229063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 52-year-old woman with cervical cancer stage IIB presented with altered sensorium and breathlessness to the emergency room 5 months after completing primary chemoradiotherapy, which was diagnosed as aspiration pneumonia. She was found to have cerebellar metastases with additional frontal, occipital, and temporal lobe lesions. She had no evidence of extracranial disease. She received supportive care and palliative whole brain radiotherapy and was asymptomatic at 6 months following radiotherapy. Median reported survival is 8-13 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Chakrabarti
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abigail Veravolu Resu
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Pandey
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Moroney MR, Wheeler LJ, Corr BR. Clinical presentation of brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma: A case series. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2019; 28:79-83. [PMID: 30963086 PMCID: PMC6434091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma are rare, however they do occur, and they are associated with an especially poor prognosis. There is evidence demonstrating improved outcomes with early diagnosis and subsequent multimodal treatment. This study therefore aims to review cases of brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma with specific focus on clinical presentation and disease history. This retrospective case series evaluated all cases of brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma at a single institution over a seven-year period. A medical records search was performed using ICD codes for endometrial cancer, brain lesions and brain imaging. Analysis of patient and disease characteristics was performed with descriptive statistics. Twelve cases were identified. The majority of cases had intermediate or high-grade histology (97.7%), advanced stage disease (58.3%), and at least one prior disease recurrence (66.7%). Eleven of 12 cases (91.7%) had lung metastases diagnosed prior to brain metastases. All 12 cases had neurologic signs and symptoms present at time of brain metastases diagnosis; 14 different types of neurologic deficits were noted. Headache was the most common neurologic symptom (5/12, 41.7%), followed by focal weakness (3/12, 25.0%) and aphasia (3/12, 25.0%). In conclusion, clinical presentation at time of diagnosis of brain metastases consistently includes neurologic signs and symptoms with persistent headache being the most common. Endometrial cancer patients that present with new neurologic complaints or exam findings should be evaluated for brain metastases. Brain metastases from endometrial cancer are rare Most cases occur in high grade, advanced stage disease with other metastatic sites Patients with brain metastases present with neurologic symptoms Common neurologic symptoms on presentation are headache, focal weakness and aphasia Persistent neurologic symptoms warrant evaluation for brain metastases
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa R Moroney
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lindsay J Wheeler
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Bradley R Corr
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
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20
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Koo KC, Lee JS, Kim JW, Han KS, Lee KS, Kim DK, Ha YS, Rha KH, Hong SJ, Chung BH. Impact of clinical trial participation on survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multi-center analysis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:468. [PMID: 29695228 PMCID: PMC5922318 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trial (CT) participation may confer access to new, potentially active agents before their general availability. This study aimed to investigate the potential survival benefit of participation in investigational CTs of novel hormonal, chemotherapeutic, and radiopharmaceutical agents in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS This multi-center, retrospective analysis included 299 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed, non-metastatic or metastatic CRPC between September 2009 and March 2017. Of these, 65 (21.7%) patients participated in CTs pertaining to systemic treatment targeting CRPC and 234 (78.3%) patients received pre-established, standard systemic treatment outside of a CT setting. The survival advantage of CT participation regarding cancer-specific survival (CSS) was investigated. RESULTS An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥2 at CRPC diagnosis was found in a lower proportion CT participants than in non-participants (4.6% vs. 14.9%; p = 0.033). During the median follow-up period of 16.0 months, CT participants exhibited significantly higher 2-year CSS survival rates (61.3% vs. 42.4%; p = 0.003) than did non-participants. Multivariate analysis identified prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase levels at CRPC onset, Gleason score ≥ 8, ECOG PS ≥2, less number of docetaxel cycles administered, and non-participation in CTs as independent predictors for a lower risk of CSS. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with CRPC who participated in CTs exhibited longer CSS durations than non-participants who received pre-established, standard systemic therapy outside of a CT setting. Our findings imply that CT participation is associated with CSS, and that CT participation should be offered to patients with CRPC whenever indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Han
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Lee
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Ha
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Ho Rha
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Hong
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Fetcko K, Gondim DD, Bonnin JM, Dey M. Cervical cancer metastasis to the brain: A case report and review of literature. Surg Neurol Int 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28868193 PMCID: PMC5569407 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_111_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracranial metastasis from cervical cancer is a rare occurrence. Methods: In this study we describe a case of cervical cancer metastasis to the brain and perform an extensive review of literature from 1956 to 2016, to characterize clearly the clinical presentation, treatment options, molecular markers, targeted therapies, and survival of patients with this condition. Results: An elderly woman with history of cervical cancer in remission, presented 2 years later with a right temporo-parietal tumor, which was treated with surgery and subsequent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the resection cavity. She then returned 5 months later with a second solitary right lesion; she again underwent surgery and SRS to the resection cavity with no signs of recurrence 6 months later. According to the reviewed literature, the most common clinical presentation included females with median age of 48 years; presenting symptoms such as headache, weakness/hemiplegia/hemiparesis, seizure, and altered mental status (AMS)/confusion; multiple lesions mostly supratentorially located; poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma; and additional recurrences at other sites. The best approach to treatment is a multimodal plan, consisting of SRS or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for solitary brain metastases followed by chemotherapy for systemic disease, surgery and WBRT for solitary brain lesions without systemic disease, and SRS or WBRT followed by chemotherapy for palliative care. The overall prognosis is poor with a mean and median survival time from diagnosis of brain metastasis of 7 and 4.6 months, respectively. Conclusion: Future efforts through large prospective randomized trials are warranted to better describe the clinical presentation and identify more effective treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh Fetcko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dibson D Gondim
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jose M Bonnin
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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22
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Hayashi N, Takahashi H, Hasegawa Y, Higuchi F, Takahashi M, Makino K, Takagaki M, Akimoto J, Okuda T, Okita Y, Mitsuya K, Hirashima Y, Narita Y, Nakasu Y. A nationwide multi-institutional retrospective study to identify prognostic factors and develop a graded prognostic assessment system for patients with brain metastases from uterine corpus and cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:397. [PMID: 28577359 PMCID: PMC5457613 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of brain metastases (BM) from uterine cancer has recently increased because of the improvement of overall survival (OS) of patients with uterine cancer due to its early detection and improved local control as a result of new effective treatments. However, little information is available regarding their clinical characteristics and prognosis, because oncologists have encountered BM from uterine cancer on rare occasions. METHODS Records from 81 patients with uterine BM were collected from 10 institutes in Japan. These were used in a multi-institutional study to identify prognostic factors and develop a graded prognostic assessment (GPA) for patients with BM from uterine cancer. RESULTS Median OS after the development of BM was 7 months (95% confidence interval, 4 to 10 months). Multivariate analysis revealed that there were survival differences according to the existence of extracranial metastases and number of BM. In the present uterine-GPA, a score of 0 was assigned to those patients with ≥5 BM and extracranial metastasis, a score of 2 was assigned to those patients with one to four BM or without extracranial metastasis, and a score of 4 was assigned to those patients with one to four BM and without extracranial metastasis. The median OS for patients with a uterine-GPA scores of 0, 2, and 4 was 3, 7, and 22 months, respectively. A survival analysis confirmed the presence of statistically significant differences between these groups (p < 0.05). The results were validated by data obtained from the National Report of Brain Tumor Registry of Japan. CONCLUSION Uterine GPA incorporates two simple clinical parameters of high prognostic significance and can be used to predict the expected survival times in patients with BM from uterine cancer. Its use may help in determining an appropriate treatment for individual patients with BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakamasa Hayashi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, 951-8666, Japan
| | - Yuzo Hasegawa
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Fumi Higuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | | | - Keishi Makino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular disease, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan
| | - Jiro Akimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kinki University, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Okita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsuya
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hirashima
- Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Division of Neurosurgery, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakasu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
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Sniadecki M, Wojtylak S, Wycinka E, Sawicki S, Kobierski J, Liro M, Wydra DG. Preoperative measurement of serum CA-125 levels: is it useful in the risk assessment of low volume lymph node disease in cervical cancer? REV ROMANA MED LAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/rrlm-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Elevated serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is observed in some cervical cancers (CCs). Is the correlation of CA-125 with the presence of nodal events useful in predicting early metastasis to the lymph nodes?
METHODS: The study included 45 patients with CC FIGO (2009) stages IA1-IIA1 and known preoperative CA-125 concentration, surgery treated (05.2011-05.2014). Investigated pretreatment: age (pre-, postmenopausal), histological type, grade, confounding factors - prior cone biopsy, ovarian cyst, endometriosis, liver or colon pathology, concomitant malignancy. LN metastases (LNM) were defined as macro (MAC, >2mm) and/or micrometastases (mic, 0.2 - 2 mm), and LVLND as mic or/and ITC (single CC cells clusters) in LNs. Ultrastaging of all LNs (sentinel and non-sentinel, 4 μm thick slices/150 μm intervals) was performed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and with immunohistochemistry (IHC - AE1/AE3 cytokeratin antibodies). Non-parametrical analysis and receiver operating curve analysis were used to determine correlation between CA-125 and LNM including LVLND.
RESULTS: The median age was 55 (23-71). 806 LNs were extracted. LNM was found in 12, LVLND in 6 patients. LNM but not LVLND was correlated with higher grade (G2-G3, p<0.05). LVLND was positively correlated with premenopausal age (p<0.05) but not with tumor histology or grade. Liver disease only was found to influence CA-125 levels (p=0.064). There were no differences within CA-125 concentration among LVLND, LNM, and node-negative patients groups, however a trend was found between higher CA-125 and lower LVLND risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of CA-125 may be less likely due to LVLND than to LN positivity. Grade is an important feature in prediction of LNM but not LVLND. CA-125 level was found to be not predictive of LNM nor LVLND, as confirmed by ultrastaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sniadecki
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Szymon Wojtylak
- Department of Patomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Ewa Wycinka
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Management, University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Sambor Sawicki
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Juliusz Kobierski
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Marcin Liro
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzegorz Wydra
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecologic Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
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Bangham M, Goldstein R, Walton H, Ledermann JA. Olaparib treatment for BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer with leptomeningeal disease. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2016; 18:22-24. [PMID: 27819019 PMCID: PMC5081421 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal disease occurs more commonly in BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer. A clinically significant dose of olaprib is able to penetrate the leptomeninges. Leptomeningeal metastases in a BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer responded to olaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry Walton
- UCL Hospitals, 235 Euston Rd, Fitzrovia, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Jonathan A Ledermann
- UCL Hospitals, 235 Euston Rd, Fitzrovia, London NW1 2BU, UK; UCL Cancer Institute, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4TJ, UK
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