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Brown RM, James MH. Binge eating, overeating and food addiction: Approaches for examining food overconsumption in laboratory rodents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110717. [PMID: 36623582 PMCID: PMC10162020 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Overeating ranges in severity from casual overindulgence to an overwhelming drive to consume certain foods. At its most extreme, overeating can manifest as clinical diagnoses such as binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa, yet subclinical forms of overeating such as emotional eating or uncontrolled eating can still have a profoundly negative impact on health and wellbeing. Although rodent models cannot possibly capture the full spectrum of disordered overeating, studies in laboratory rodents have substantially progressed our understanding of the neurobiology of overconsumption. These experimental approaches range from simple food-exposure protocols that promote binge-like eating and the development of obesity, to more complex operant procedures designed to examine distinct 'addiction-like' endophenotypes for food. This review provides an overview of these experimental approaches, with the view to providing a comprehensive resource for preclinical investigators seeking to utilize behavioural models for studying the neural systems involved in food overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Morgan H James
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
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Lee MF, Angus D, Walsh H, Sargeant S. "Maybe it's Not Just the Food?" A Food and Mood Focus Group Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2011. [PMID: 36767376 PMCID: PMC9915006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and intervention studies in nutritional psychiatry suggest that the risk of mood disorders is associated with what we eat. However, few studies use a person-centred approach to explore the food and mood relationship. In this qualitative study of 50 Australian participants, we explored individuals' experiences with food and mood as revealed during focus group discussions. Using a thematic template analysis, we identified three themes in the food and mood relationship: (i) social context: familial and cultural influences of food and mood, (ii) social economics: time, finance, and food security, and (iii) food nostalgia: unlocking memories that impact mood. Participants suggested that nutrients, food components or food patterns may not be the only way that food impacts mood. Rather, they described the social context of who, with, and where food is eaten, and that time, finances, and access to healthy fresh foods and bittersweet memories of foods shared with loved ones all impacted their mood. Findings suggest that quantitative studies examining the links between diet and mood should look beyond nutritional factors and give increased attention to the cultural, social, economic, and identity aspects of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan F. Lee
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast 4226, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast 4225, Australia
| | - Douglas Angus
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast 4226, Australia
| | - Hayley Walsh
- Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast 4226, Australia
| | - Sally Sargeant
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast 4225, Australia
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Tuluhong M, Han P. Chronic stress is associated with reward and emotion-related eating behaviors in college students. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1025953. [PMID: 36712544 PMCID: PMC9879612 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1025953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress is related to altered olfactory perception and eating behaviors. The current study investigated the association between chronic stress, food reward and perception of food and non-food odors among college students. Methods Sixty-one participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool (BDSST). The detective threshold and suprathreshold perception (pleasantness, intensity, and familiarity) of two food (chocolate, strawberry) odors and a non-food (rose) odor were measured. Food reward and macronutrient preference were measured using the computerized Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking task, respectively. Reward-related eating, emotional eating and eating-related inhibitory control were measured by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the Reward-Based Eating Drive Scale (RED) scales. Results Neither the perceived stress or the severity of daily life stressor exposure was related to odor sensitivity, however, the PSS score was significantly correlated with pleasantness for strawberry odor (r = 0.329, p = 0.013). Chronic stress (PSS and BDSST scores) was significantly correlated with the DEBQ emotional eating and reward-related eating measured by RED (all ps < 0.01). Moreover, the BDSST score was negatively correlated with subjective liking for low-calorie sweet foods (r = -0.46, p < 0.001). Discussion Together, our preliminary results suggest disassociated effect of chronic stress on odor perception and eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengfei Han
- Faulty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Pengfei Han,
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Abstract
In three studies, we examined food as an elicitor of nostalgia. Study 1 participants visualised eating either a nostalgic or regularly consumed food. Study 2 participants visualised consuming 12 foods. Study 3 participants consumed 12 flavour samples. Following their food experiences, all participants responded to questions regarding the profile of food-evoked nostalgia (i.e. autobiographical relevance, arousal, familiarity, positive and negative emotions) and several psychological functions (i.e. positive affect, self-esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life). Study 2 and 3 participants also reported their state nostalgia. Results revealed that food is a powerful elicitor of nostalgia. Food-evoked nostalgia has a similar contextual profile to previously examined elicitors, but is a predominantly positive emotional experience. Food-evoked nostalgia served multiple psychological functions and predicted greater state nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Reid
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sophie Buchmaier
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Devin K. McSween
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Stammers L, Wong L, Brown RM, Sumithran P. A Comparison of Emotional Triggers for Eating in Men and Women with Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194144. [PMID: 36235796 PMCID: PMC9570591 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional eating (EE) is prevalent in people seeking obesity treatment and is a contributor to poor weight loss outcomes. We aimed to delineate the emotions most associated with this type of eating, and whether they differ by sex in people undergoing obesity treatment. METHODS A cross-sectional study recruiting 387 adults from a hospital obesity management service. Emotional eating was measured using the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). Separate analyses included all participants, and those undergoing lifestyle interventions alone or in combination with obesity medication and/or bariatric surgery. RESULTS A total of 387 people (71% women) participated in the study (n = 187 receiving lifestyle modification alone; n = 200 in combination with additional treatments). Feeling 'bored' was most commonly and most strongly associated with the urge to eat, regardless of sex or treatment. Women had higher scores for total EES, for subscales of depression and anger, and individual feelings of 'blue', 'sad' and 'upset' compared to men. CONCLUSIONS Understanding why certain emotions differentially trigger an urge to eat in men and women, and finding strategies to break the link between boredom and eating may enable better personalisation of lifestyle interventions for people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren Stammers
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Medicine, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (L.W.)
| | - Robyn M. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia;
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent’s), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.); (P.S.)
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Owan VJ, Duruamaku-Dim JU, Okon AE, Akah LU, Agurokpon DC, Ubi IO, Abanyam VA. Interlinking alcohol intake, mental stress, psychotic experiences and job performance of higher institutions' graduates: A structural equation modelling. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:312. [PMID: 36439016 PMCID: PMC9683444 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_417_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graduates' job performance has become a matter that needs urgent attention. This is because many stakeholders are increasingly becoming interested in understanding the extent schools are able to produce output that meets the yearnings of society. Along these lines, we examined the contributions of alcohol intake to the job performance of higher education graduates while treating mental stress and psychotic experiences as mediators in the nexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study's population comprised all the graduates of higher education institutions in Nigeria between 2015 and 2020. Data were collected from a virtual cross-section of 3,862 graduates who self-reported to have taken alcohol in the past. These participants responded to an electronic questionnaire that was mailed to them. The scale content validity for clarity and relevance were 0.90 and 0.88, respectively, while the Cronbach alpha reliability estimate of the instrument is 0.86. RESULTS Amongst many others, key findings indicate that alcohol intake, mental stress and psychotic experiences jointly made a significant negative contribution to the overall job performance of graduates (R 2 = 0.256, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.23, 0.28], P = 0.00). Mental stress (B = -0.09, β = -0.14, z = -4.45, 95%CI [-0.24, -0.05], P = 0.00) and psychotic experiences (B = -0.26, β = -0.43, z = -8.07, 95%CI [-0.68, -0.16], P = 0.01) have significant negative contributions to graduates' job performance, respectively. Alcohol intake and mental stress jointly predict the psychotic experiences of graduates (B = -0.26, β = -0.43, z = -8.07, 95%CI [-0.68, -0.16], P = 0.01). Alcohol intake has a positive contribution to the mental stress of graduates (R 2 = 0.797, 95%CI [0.77, 0.825], P = 0.01). Mental stress and psychotic experiences jointly mediated the relationship between alcohol intake and graduates' job performance. CONCLUSION It was concluded that high intake of alcohol and high levels of mental stress and psychotic experiences significantly reduce graduates' job performance generally and in specific aspects. Alcohol intake can increase graduates' job performance to a small extent depending on the amount consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abigail Edem Okon
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Levi Udochukwu Akah
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | | | - Isaac Ofem Ubi
- Department of Educational Foundations, University of Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Victor Atah Abanyam
- Department of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria
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Nicolau J, Pujol A, Tofé S, Bonet A, Gil A. SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF SEMAGLUTIDE ON EMOTIONAL EATING AND OTHER ABNORMAL EATING PATTERNS AMONG SUBJECTS LIVING WITH OBESITY. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113967. [PMID: 36162525 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional eating (EE) and other abnormal eating patterns are highly prevalent among people living with obesity (PWO). In this sense, semaglutide, by acting on areas of the brain involved in the reward system and emotion regulation, could have the potential to ameliorate these eating patterns. METHOD 69 PWO attending an obesity clinic were evaluated baseline and after 3 months since the beginning of semaglutide. To rule out abnormal EE, the Emotional Eating Questionnaire was administered, and a structured interview was conducted. RESULTS 69 PWO (82.6%♀, 43.7±1years, and 34.3±6kg/m 2) were included. After 3 months of semaglutide, there was a significant reduction in weight (96.1±20.9 vs 91.3±19.7kg; p<0.001) and BMI (34.3±6 vs 32.4±5.6kg/m 2; p<0.0001). The proportion of patients with EE (72.5% vs 11.5%; p<0.001), external eating (27.5% vs 10.1%; p<0.001) cravings (49.3% vs 21.7%; p<0.001) and savory cravings (53.6% vs 14.5%; p<0.001) was significantly reduced after 3 months of semaglutide. Also, the proportion of PWO with regular exercise was increased (15.9% vs 39.1%; p<0.001). However, Logistic regression analysis showed that only sweet cravings at baseline were the only factor associated, although not significant, with a poorer weight loss (p=0.05). DISCUSSION Semaglutide is an effective weight-loss treatment in PWO at short term. Moreover, semaglutide was highly effective in ameliorating EE and other abnormal eating patterns that exert a negative influence on weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nicolau
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) .Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain; Clínica Rotger (Grupo Quirón). Via Roma,3. 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares Spain.
| | - Antelm Pujol
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer. Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) .Ctra Manacor km 4, 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Santiago Tofé
- Clínica Juaneda (Grupo Juaneda). Palma de Mallorca; Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Son Espases. Palma de Mallorca
| | - Aina Bonet
- Clínica Rotger (Grupo Quirón). Via Roma,3. 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares Spain
| | - Apolonia Gil
- Clínica Rotger (Grupo Quirón). Via Roma,3. 07012 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares Spain
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Knol LL, Crowe-White KM, Appel SJ, Daquin JC. Direct Yet Opposite Effects of Stress-related and Mindful Eating on Diet Quality. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:872-877. [PMID: 35835692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the relationships among dietary quality, mindful eating, and constructs of the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, women (n = 67) aged 25-50 years, with a body mass index of 25-40 kg/m2 completed 3 days of 24-hour recalls and a survey that included the Perceived Stress Scale, Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire, and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling assessed relationships among all constructs with the dependent variable, the Healthy Eating Index-2015. RESULTS Mindful Eating Questionnaire (β = 0.60, P = 0.001) and Emotion and Stress-related Eating scores from Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (β = -0.69, P < 0.001) (r2 = 0.50) were directly associated with Healthy Eating Index-2015, but no indirect effects were identified. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Overall dietary quality is associated with greater mindful eating but more emotion and stress-related eating scores among women who were overweight or obese. Future studies could assess model constructs using other diet quality scores and including additional coping mechanisms such as substance use, physical activity, and meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Knol
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL.
| | - Kristi M Crowe-White
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Susan J Appel
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Jane C Daquin
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Foldi CJ, Oldfield BJ, Stefanidis A, Sumithran P, Brown RM. Gut-brain mechanisms underlying changes in disordered eating behaviour after bariatric surgery: a review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:733-751. [PMID: 34851508 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery results in long-term weight loss and an improved metabolic phenotype due to changes in the gut-brain axis regulating appetite and glycaemia. Neuroendocrine alterations associated with bariatric surgery may also influence hedonic aspects of eating by inducing changes in taste preferences and central reward reactivity towards palatable food. However, the impact of bariatric surgery on disordered eating behaviours (e.g.: binge eating, loss-of-control eating, emotional eating and 'addictive eating'), which are commonly present in people with obesity are not well understood. Increasing evidence suggests gut-derived signals, such as appetitive hormones, bile acid profiles, microbiota concentrations and associated neuromodulatory metabolites, can influence pathways in the brain implicated in food intake, including brain areas involved in sensorimotor, reward-motivational, emotional-arousal and executive control components of food intake. As disordered eating prevalence is a key mediator of weight-loss success and patient well-being after bariatric surgery, understanding how changes in the gut-brain axis contribute to disordered eating incidence and severity after bariatric surgery is crucial to better improve treatment outcomes in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire J Foldi
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian J Oldfield
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aneta Stefanidis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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Himmelstein MS, Beaver JN, Gilman TL. Anxiety and stress over COVID‐19 pandemic associated with increased eating. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:338-351. [PMID: 35664251 PMCID: PMC9159555 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin N. Beaver
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
| | - T. Lee Gilman
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University Kent Ohio USA
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Klatzkin RR, Nolan LJ, Kissileff HR. Self-reported emotional eaters consume more food under stress if they experience heightened stress reactivity and emotional relief from stress upon eating. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113638. [PMID: 34742909 PMCID: PMC8717738 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Group data means from individuals who self-assess as emotional eaters do not reliably show increased food intake in response to stress or negative emotions. This inconsistency in predictive validity of self-reported emotional eating (EE) could be attributable to unconsidered moderation of the relationship between self-reported EE and behavioral measures of EE. Greater emotional relief from stress by eating may provide enhanced negative reinforcement and promote future EE in response to stress as a form of self-medication. Thus, we predicted that greater emotional relief from stress by eating (decrease in negative affect from stress to post-eating) would moderate the extent to which heightened stress reactivity (measured by systolic blood pressure, SBP) moderates the relationship between self-reported EE and food intake post-stress. We also hypothesized that self-reported EE would not predict greater food consumption on the rest day. 43 undergraduate women completed online assessments of eating behaviors. Participants were given snacks to eat after a mental stress task (TSST) or rest period on separate days in counterbalanced order. Our prediction was supported, as the moderated moderation model (PROCESS model 3) was highly significant on the stress day. Self-reported EE predicted increased food intake post-stress only under conditions of high stress reactivity and high emotional relief. On the rest day, self-reported EE predicted greater snack food intake only when SBP was high. This conditional increased intake substantiates stress as a promoter of snack food consumption for women with greater EE. Overall, our findings identified factors that may distinguish the subset of self-reported emotional eaters who are more likely to display EE behaviors in a laboratory setting, yet further studies are needed to directly test whether negative reinforcement via emotional relief from stress by eating drives enhanced EE following stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Klatzkin
- Rhodes College, Department of Psychology, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38104, USA,Corresponding author. (R.R. Klatzkin)
| | - Laurence J. Nolan
- Wagner College, Department of Psychology, 1 Campus Rd., Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
| | - Harry R. Kissileff
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, 1111 Amsterdam Ave. New York, NY 10025, USA
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Brown RM, Guerrero-Hreins E, Brown WA, le Roux CW, Sumithran P. Potential gut-brain mechanisms behind adverse mental health outcomes of bariatric surgery. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:549-559. [PMID: 34262156 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery induces sustained weight loss and metabolic benefits via notable effects on the gut-brain axis that lead to alterations in the neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and glycaemia. However, in a subset of patients, bariatric surgery is associated with adverse effects on mental health, including increased risk of suicide or self-harm as well as the emergence of depression and substance use disorders. The contributing factors behind these adverse effects are not well understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that there are important links between gut-derived hormones, microbial and bile acid profiles, and disorders of mood and substance use, which warrant further exploration in the context of changes in gut-brain signalling after bariatric surgery. Understanding the basis of these adverse effects is essential in order to optimize the health and well-being of people undergoing treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy A Brown
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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13
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Guerrero-Hreins E, Goldstone AP, Brown RM, Sumithran P. The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues for stress-related eating and role of GLP-1 in stress, emotion and mood: a review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110303. [PMID: 33741445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress and low mood are powerful triggers for compulsive overeating, a maladaptive form of eating leading to negative physical and mental health consequences. Stress-vulnerable individuals, such as people with obesity, are particularly prone to overconsumption of high energy foods and may use it as a coping mechanism for general life stressors. Recent advances in the treatment of obesity and related co-morbidities have focused on the therapeutic potential of anorexigenic gut hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which acts both peripherally and centrally to reduce energy intake. Besides its appetite suppressing effect, GLP-1 acts on areas of the brain involved in stress response and emotion regulation. However, the role of GLP-1 in emotion and stress regulation, and whether it is a viable treatment for stress-induced compulsive overeating, has yet to be established. A thorough review of the pre-clinical literature measuring markers of stress, anxiety and mood after GLP-1 exposure points to potential divergent effects based on temporality. Specifically, acute GLP-1 injection consistently stimulates the physiological stress response in rodents whereas long-term exposure indicates anxiolytic and anti-depressive benefits. However, the limited clinical evidence is not as clear cut. While prolonged GLP-1 analogue treatment in people with type 2 diabetes improved measures of mood and general psychological wellbeing, the mechanisms underlying this may be confounded by associated weight loss and improved blood glucose control. There is a paucity of longitudinal clinical literature on mechanistic pathways by which stress influences eating behavior and how centrally-acting gut hormones such as GLP-1, can modify these. (250).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robyn M Brown
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Dept. of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.
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Ling J, Zahry NR. Relationships among perceived stress, emotional eating, and dietary intake in college students: Eating self-regulation as a mediator. Appetite 2021; 163:105215. [PMID: 33774134 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationships among perceived stress, eating self-regulation, emotional eating, and dietary intake among undergraduate college students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 523 students recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. All participants completed an online survey that assessed perceived stress, eating self-regulation, emotional eating, dietary intake, and demographics. The study sample was 47% female, 30% Hispanic, 8% Black, and 33% Asian. The overweight and obesity rate was 33%. Nearly 83% reported having moderate to high levels of stress, and over 80% had low to medium levels of eating self-regulation skills. On average, students consumed fruits and vegetables 2.42 times per day and sweets and soft drinks about once every other day. Perceived stress was positively correlated with emotional eating (β = 0.12, p = .005), and negatively correlated with eating self-regulation (β = -0.40, p < .001). Eating self-regulation partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating (β = 0.11, p < .001). Emotional eating was positively related to intake of sweets and soft drinks. Eating self-regulation was negatively related to sweet intake (β = -0.19, p < .001). Eating self-regulation and emotional eating fully mediated the relationship between perceived stress and sweet intake (β = 0.09, p < .001). Although warranting further investigation, this study's results emphasize the significant protective role of eating self-regulation for controlling college students' intake of sweets and soft drinks, and the negative effects of perceived stress and emotional eating on their dietary intake. Future interventions could consider strategies focusing on stress management and eating self-regulation to improve dietary intake among this young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Ling
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, 1355 Bogue St., C241, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
| | - Nagwan R Zahry
- University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Department of Communication, 615 McCallie Avenue, Dept 3003, Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37403, USA.
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