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Li X, Bi X. Integrated Control of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Heart Failure. Metabolites 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 37233656 PMCID: PMC10220550 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted fatty acid metabolism is one of the most important metabolic features in heart failure. The heart obtains energy from fatty acids via oxidation. However, heart failure results in markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation and is accompanied by the accumulation of excess lipid moieties that lead to cardiac lipotoxicity. Herein, we summarized and discussed the current understanding of the integrated regulation of fatty acid metabolism (including fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation) in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The functions of many enzymes and regulatory factors in fatty acid homeostasis were characterized. We reviewed their contributions to the development of heart failure and highlighted potential targets that may serve as promising new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xukun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China;
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Ragavan M, Kirpich A, Fu X, Burgess SC, McIntyre LM, Merritt ME. A comprehensive analysis of myocardial substrate preference emphasizes the need for a synchronized fluxomic/metabolomic research design. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H1215-H1223. [PMID: 28411229 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00016.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The heart oxidizes fatty acids, carbohydrates, and ketone bodies inside the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to generate the reducing equivalents needed for ATP production. Competition between these substrates makes it difficult to estimate the extent of pyruvate oxidation. Previously, hyperpolarized pyruvate detected propionate-mediated activation of carbohydrate oxidation, even in the presence of acetate. In this report, the optimal concentration of propionate for the activation of glucose oxidation was measured in mouse hearts perfused in Langendorff mode. This study was performed with a more physiologically relevant perfusate than the previous work. Increasing concentrations of propionate did not cause adverse effects on myocardial metabolism, as evidenced by unchanged O2 consumption, TCA cycle flux, and developed pressures. Propionate at 1 mM was sufficient to achieve significant increases in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux (3×), and anaplerosis (6×), as measured by isotopomer analysis. These results further demonstrate the potential of propionate as an aid for the correct estimation of total carbohydrate oxidative capacity in the heart. However, liquid chromotography/mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics detected large changes (~30-fold) in malate and fumarate pool sizes. This observation leads to a key observation regarding mass balance in the TCA cycle; flux through a portion of the cycle can be drastically elevated without changing the O2 consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,University of Florida Informatics Insititute, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- AIRC Division of Metabolic Mechanisms of Diseases, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- AIRC Division of Metabolic Mechanisms of Diseases, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pharmocology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,University of Florida Informatics Insititute, Gainesville, Florida; and.,University of Florida Genetics Insititute, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida;
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Taegtmeyer H, Young ME, Lopaschuk GD, Abel ED, Brunengraber H, Darley-Usmar V, Des Rosiers C, Gerszten R, Glatz JF, Griffin JL, Gropler RJ, Holzhuetter HG, Kizer JR, Lewandowski ED, Malloy CR, Neubauer S, Peterson LR, Portman MA, Recchia FA, Van Eyk JE, Wang TJ. Assessing Cardiac Metabolism: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 118:1659-701. [PMID: 27012580 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a complex system of interrelated reactions, the heart converts chemical energy to mechanical energy. Energy transfer is achieved through coordinated activation of enzymes, ion channels, and contractile elements, as well as structural and membrane proteins. The heart's needs for energy are difficult to overestimate. At a time when the cardiovascular research community is discovering a plethora of new molecular methods to assess cardiac metabolism, the methods remain scattered in the literature. The present statement on "Assessing Cardiac Metabolism" seeks to provide a collective and curated resource on methods and models used to investigate established and emerging aspects of cardiac metabolism. Some of those methods are refinements of classic biochemical tools, whereas most others are recent additions from the powerful tools of molecular biology. The aim of this statement is to be useful to many and to do justice to a dynamic field of great complexity.
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Jin Z, Bian F, Tomcik K, Kelleher JK, Zhang GF, Brunengraber H. Compartmentation of Metabolism of the C12-, C9-, and C5-n-dicarboxylates in Rat Liver, Investigated by Mass Isotopomer Analysis: ANAPLEROSIS FROM DODECANEDIOATE. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18671-7. [PMID: 26070565 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the compartmentation of the catabolism of dodecanedioate (DODA), azelate, and glutarate in perfused rat livers, using a combination of metabolomics and mass isotopomer analyses. Livers were perfused with recirculating or nonrecirculating buffer containing one fully (13)C-labeled dicarboxylate. Information on the peroxisomal versus mitochondrial catabolism was gathered from the labeling patterns of acetyl-CoA proxies, i.e. total acetyl-CoA, the acetyl moiety of citrate, C-1 + 2 of β-hydroxybutyrate, malonyl-CoA, and acetylcarnitine. Additional information was obtained from the labeling patterns of citric acid cycle intermediates and related compounds. The data characterize the partial oxidation of DODA and azelate in peroxisomes, with terminal oxidation in mitochondria. We did not find evidence of peroxisomal oxidation of glutarate. Unexpectedly, DODA contributes a substantial fraction to anaplerosis of the citric acid cycle. This opens the possibility to use water-soluble DODA in nutritional or pharmacological anaplerotic therapy when other anaplerotic substrates are impractical or contraindicated, e.g. in propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- From the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Fang Bian
- From the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Kristyen Tomcik
- From the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Joanne K Kelleher
- the Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- From the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- From the Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
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Li Q, Deng S, Ibarra RA, Anderson VE, Brunengraber H, Zhang GF. Multiple mass isotopomer tracing of acetyl-CoA metabolism in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts: channeling of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate dehydrogenase to carnitine acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8121-32. [PMID: 25645937 PMCID: PMC4375469 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.631549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an isotopic technique to assess mitochondrial acetyl-CoA turnover (≈citric acid flux) in perfused rat hearts. Hearts are perfused with buffer containing tracer [(13)C2,(2)H3]acetate, which forms M5 + M4 + M3 acetyl-CoA. The buffer may also contain one or two labeled substrates, which generate M2 acetyl-CoA (e.g. [(13)C6]glucose or [1,2-(13)C2]palmitate) or/and M1 acetyl-CoA (e.g. [1-(13)C]octanoate). The total acetyl-CoA turnover and the contributions of fuels to acetyl-CoA are calculated from the uptake of the acetate tracer and the mass isotopomer distribution of acetyl-CoA. The method was applied to measurements of acetyl-CoA turnover under different conditions (glucose ± palmitate ± insulin ± dichloroacetate). The data revealed (i) substrate cycling between glycogen and glucose-6-P and between glucose-6-P and triose phosphates, (ii) the release of small excess acetyl groups as acetylcarnitine and ketone bodies, and (iii) the channeling of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA from pyruvate dehydrogenase to carnitine acetyltransferase. Because of this channeling, the labeling of acetylcarnitine and ketone bodies released by the heart are not proxies of the labeling of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vernon E Anderson
- Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Brockman DA, Chen X, Gallaher DD. Consumption of a high β-glucan barley flour improves glucose control and fatty liver and increases muscle acylcarnitines in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Eur J Nutr 2012. [PMID: 23229409 DOI: 10.1007/s00394‐012‐0478‐2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The soluble fiber β-glucan, a natural component of barley, has been shown to lower the postprandial glucose response and is thought to improve insulin resistance. METHODS This study examined the effect of chronic consumption of the high β-glucan barley flour on glucose control, liver lipids and markers of muscle fatty acid oxidation in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. Two groups of ZDF rats were fed diets containing either 6% β-glucan in the form of barley flour or cellulose as a control for 6 weeks. A group of Zucker lean rats served as a negative control. RESULTS The barley flour group had an increased small intestinal contents viscosity compared to the obese control group. After 6 weeks, the barley flour group had reduced glycated hemoglobin, lower relative kidney weights and a reduced area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test, indicating improved glucose control. Fasting plasma adiponectin levels increased in the barley flour group and were not different than the lean control group. ZDF rats on the barley flour diet had lower relative epididymal fat pad weights than the obese control and a greater food efficiency ratio. The barley flour group also had reduced liver weights and a decreased concentration of liver lipids. The barley flour group had significantly higher concentrations of muscle acylcarnitines, a metabolite generated during fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION These results show that chronic consumption of β-glucans can improve glucose control and decrease fatty liver in a model of diabetes with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brockman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108-1038, USA
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Brockman DA, Chen X, Gallaher DD. Consumption of a high β-glucan barley flour improves glucose control and fatty liver and increases muscle acylcarnitines in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:1743-53. [PMID: 23229409 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The soluble fiber β-glucan, a natural component of barley, has been shown to lower the postprandial glucose response and is thought to improve insulin resistance. METHODS This study examined the effect of chronic consumption of the high β-glucan barley flour on glucose control, liver lipids and markers of muscle fatty acid oxidation in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. Two groups of ZDF rats were fed diets containing either 6% β-glucan in the form of barley flour or cellulose as a control for 6 weeks. A group of Zucker lean rats served as a negative control. RESULTS The barley flour group had an increased small intestinal contents viscosity compared to the obese control group. After 6 weeks, the barley flour group had reduced glycated hemoglobin, lower relative kidney weights and a reduced area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test, indicating improved glucose control. Fasting plasma adiponectin levels increased in the barley flour group and were not different than the lean control group. ZDF rats on the barley flour diet had lower relative epididymal fat pad weights than the obese control and a greater food efficiency ratio. The barley flour group also had reduced liver weights and a decreased concentration of liver lipids. The barley flour group had significantly higher concentrations of muscle acylcarnitines, a metabolite generated during fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION These results show that chronic consumption of β-glucans can improve glucose control and decrease fatty liver in a model of diabetes with obesity.
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Jüllig M, Hickey AJR, Chai CC, Skea GL, Middleditch MJ, Costa S, Choong SY, Philips ARJ, Cooper GJS. Is the failing heart out of fuel or a worn engine running rich? A study of mitochondria in old spontaneously hypertensive rats. Proteomics 2008; 8:2556-72. [PMID: 18563753 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension now affects about 600 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of death in the Western world. The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), provides a useful model to investigate hypertensive heart failure (HF). The SHR model replicates the clinical progression of hypertension in humans, wherein early development of hypertension is followed by a long stable period of compensated cardiac hypertrophy that slowly progresses to HF. Although the hypertensive failing heart generally shows increased substrate preference towards glucose and impaired mitochondrial function, the cause-and-effect relationship between these characteristics is incompletely understood. To explore these pathogenic processes, we compared cardiac mitochondrial proteomes of 20-month-old SHR and Wistar-Kyoto controls by iTRAQ-labelling combined with multidimensional LC/MS/MS. Of 137 high-scoring proteins identified, 79 differed between groups. Changes were apparent in several metabolic pathways, chaperone and antioxidant systems, and multiple subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes were increased (complexes I, III and IV) or decreased (complexes II and V) in SHR heart mitochondria. Respiration assays on skinned fibres and isolated mitochondria showed markedly lower respiratory capacity on succinate. Enzyme activity assays often also showed mismatches between increased protein expression and activities suggesting elevated protein expression may be compensatory in the face of pathological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jüllig
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kasumov T, Cendrowski AV, David F, Jobbins KA, Anderson VE, Brunengraber H. Mass isotopomer study of anaplerosis from propionate in the perfused rat heart. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 463:110-7. [PMID: 17418801 PMCID: PMC2047339 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anaplerosis from propionate was investigated in rat hearts perfused with 0-2mM [(13)C(3)]propionate and physiological concentrations of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. The data show that when the concentration of [(13)C(3)]propionate was raised from 0 to 2mM, total anaplerosis increased from 5% to 16% of the turnover of citric acid cycle intermediates. Then, [(13)C(3)]propionate abolished anaplerosis from endogenous substrates, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. Also, while the contents of propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA increased with [(13)C(3)]propionate concentration, the content of succinyl-CoA decreased, presumably via activation of succinyl-CoA hydrolysis by a decrease in free CoA. Under our conditions, [(13)C(3)]propionate was a purely anaplerotic substrate since there was no labeling of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, reflected by the labeling of the acetyl moiety of citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
| | | | - France David
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Kathryn A. Jobbins
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Vernon E. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine - WG 48, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106-4954. Tel: (216)368-6429; E-mail:
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