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Yin X, Yin X, Pan X, Zhang J, Fan X, Li J, Zhai X, Jiang L, Hao P, Wang J, Chen Y. Post-myocardial infarction fibrosis: Pathophysiology, examination, and intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070973. [PMID: 37056987 PMCID: PMC10086160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an indispensable role in cardiac tissue homeostasis and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix collagen deposition are the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, which are modulated by multiple signaling pathways and various types of cells in time-dependent manners. Our understanding of the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI has evolved in basic and clinical researches, and the regulation of fibrotic remodeling may facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and finally improve outcomes. Here, we aim to elaborate pathophysiology, examination and intervention of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
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Xing Y, Xie S, Shi W, Zeng X, Deng W, Tang Q. Targeting interleukin-21 inhibits stress overload-induced cardiac remodelling via the TIMP4/MMP9 signalling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175482. [PMID: 36587888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inflammatory mediators produced by inflamed cells are often connected with pressure-induced cardiac remodelling and heart failure. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) serves as an immunomodulator involved in multiple pathological processes, while the role of IL-21 in pressure-induced cardiac remodelling remains unclear. EXPERIMENT APPROACH Cardiac function, CD4+T-cell infiltration, and IL-21 and IL-21 receptor expression levels were investigated in a pressure overload mouse model induced by aortic banding (AB) surgery. Western blotting and qPCR were used to detect the effects of IL-21 on inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the myocardium after AB surgery. In addition, the signal transduction mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated in vivo and in vitro by qPCR and western blotting. KEY RESULTS IL-21 levels in mice rapidly increased in the acute phase after AB surgery. Compared with those in the control group, the transverse aortas of mice in the AB surgery group contracted. However, it must be noted that neutralizing IL-21 could reduce myocardial injury and remodelling, while the administration of exogenous IL-21 recombinant protein had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we learned that IL-21 is effective in inducing the activation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) signalling in vitro and in vivo. We believe that increased activation and secretion of IL-21 and CD4+ T cells may contribute to stress overload-induced cardiac remodelling. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which IL-21 stimulates myocardial inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis to induce stress-overload-induced myocardial remodelling by activating the TIMP4/MMP9 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wenke Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Feng Q, Li Q, Zhou H, Sun L, Lin C, Jin Y, Wang D, Guo G. The role of major immune cells in myocardial infarction. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084460. [PMID: 36741418 PMCID: PMC9892933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, often leading to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure, which is a serious threat to human life and health. The immune system makes an important contribution to the maintenance of normal cardiac function. In the disease process of MI, necrotic cardiomyocytes release signals that activate nonspecific immunity and trigger the action of specific immunity. Complex immune cells play an important role in all stages of MI progression by removing necrotic cardiomyocytes and tissue and promoting the healing of damaged tissue cells. With the development of biomaterials, cardiac patches have become an emerging method of repairing MI, and the development of engineered cardiac patches through the construction of multiple animal models of MI can help treat MI. This review introduces immune cells involved in the development of MI, summarizes the commonly used animal models of MI and the newly developed cardiac patch, so as to provide scientific reference for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qirong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Gongliang Guo,
| | - Gongliang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Gongliang Guo,
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Lu Y, Nanayakkara G, Sun Y, Liu L, Xu K, Drummer C, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Procaspase-1 patrolled to the nucleus of proatherogenic lipid LPC-activated human aortic endothelial cells induces ROS promoter CYP1B1 and strong inflammation. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102142. [PMID: 34598017 PMCID: PMC8487079 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the roles of nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) activated by proatherogenic lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), we examined cytosolic and nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1, identified nuclear export signal (NES) in pro-caspase-1 and sequenced RNAs. We made the following findings: 1) LPC increases nuclear localization of procaspase-1 in HAECs. 2) Nuclear pro-caspase-1 exports back to the cytosol, which is facilitated by a leptomycin B-inhibited mechanism. 3) Increased nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1 by a new NES peptide inhibitor upregulates inflammatory genes in oxidative stress and Th17 pathways; and SUMO activator N106 enhances nuclear localization of pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 activation (p20) in the nucleus. 4) LPC plus caspase-1 enzymatic inhibitor upregulates inflammatory genes with hypercytokinemia/hyperchemokinemia and interferon pathways, suggesting a novel capsase-1 enzyme-independent inflammatory mechanism. 5) LPC in combination with NES inhibitor and caspase-1 inhibitor upregulate inflammatory gene expression that regulate Th17 activation, endotheli-1 signaling, p38-, and ERK- MAPK pathways. To examine two hallmarks of endothelial activation such as secretomes and membrane protein signaling, LPC plus NES inhibitor upregulate 57 canonical secretomic genes and 76 exosome secretomic genes, respectively, promoting four pathways including Th17, IL-17 promoted cytokines, interferon signaling and cholesterol biosynthesis. LPC with NES inhibitor also promote inflammation via upregulating ROS promoter CYP1B1 and 11 clusters of differentiation (CD) membrane protein pathways. Mechanistically, all the LPC plus NES inhibitor-induced genes are significantly downregulated in CYP1B1-deficient microarray, suggesting that nuclear caspase-1-induced CYP1B1 promotes strong inflammation. These transcriptomic results provide novel insights on the roles of nuclear caspase-1 in sensing DAMPs, inducing ROS promoter CYP1B1 and in regulating a large number of genes that mediate HAEC activation and inflammation. These findings will lead to future development of novel therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), inflammations, infections, transplantation, autoimmune disease and cancers. (total words: 284).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | | | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation Lung Research, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, USA.
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