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Wang Y, Yang S, Zhang S, Lu X, Ma W. Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Risk of Cerebral Infarction in Northwest Han Chinese Population. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:303-312. [PMID: 37051559 PMCID: PMC10083142 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s404663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic variation may contribute to the development of Cerebral Infarction (CI). Serum lipid levels are known risk factors for CI, but the effect of the ApoE gene polymorphism on lipid metabolism remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the role of ApoE genotypes in CI risk and the relationships between ApoE gene polymorphism and serum lipid levels among the population of northwest China. Patients and Methods 517 CI patients and 517 non-CI controls were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction and hybridization were utilized to determine the ApoE gene polymorphisms. Results The ε3/ε4 genotype and ε4 allele frequency were significantly higher in CI patients than in controls. When stratified by age and sex, statistically significant differences in the distribution and frequency of the ε3/ε4 genotype and ε4 allele were found between patients and controls. Compared to ε2 carriers, ε4 carriers had significantly lower ApoE levels and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB and ApoB/ApoA-I levels in both two groups. Additionally, control participants with ε4 carriers had significantly higher levels of lipoprotein and total cholesterol (TC) levels than ε2 carriers, while CI patients with ε4 carriers had a significantly lower level of ApoA-I. After adjusting for other established risk factors, drinking, hypertension, lipoprotein, triglycerides (TG) and ε4 allele were significant independent risk factors for CI, which was shown to be associated with a nearly two-fold CI risk. Conclusion This study demonstrated that ε4 allele is independent risk factors for CI among patients in Northwest China. ApoE polymorphism was associated with CI, which was partly mediated through blood lipids and may also be mediated through non-lipid pathways. These data might be of great clinical significance in individualized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biological Science and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wenbing Ma, Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-29-85323240, Email
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Hayflick SJ, Jeong SY, Sibon OCM. PKAN pathogenesis and treatment. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:283-291. [PMID: 36240582 PMCID: PMC9970616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies aimed at supporting different treatment approaches for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) have revealed the complexity of coenzyme A (CoA) metabolism and the limits of our current knowledge about disease pathogenesis. Here we offer a foundation for critically evaluating the myriad approaches, argue for the importance of unbiased disease models, and highlight some of the outstanding questions that are central to our understanding and treating PKAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Suh Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ody C M Sibon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
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Cognitive and Physical Intervention in Metals’ Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030345. [PMID: 35326301 PMCID: PMC8946530 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals—especially iron, copper and manganese—are important elements of brain functions and development. Metal-dysregulation homeostasis is associated with brain-structure damage to the motor, cognitive and emotional systems, and leads to neurodegenerative processes. There is more and more evidence that specialized cognitive and motor exercises can enhance brain function and attenuate neurodegeneration in mechanisms, such as improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in many brain regions. Psychological and physical methods of rehabilitation are now becoming increasingly important, as pharmacological treatments for movement, cognitive and emotional symptoms are limited. The present study describes physical and cognitive rehabilitation methods of patients associated with metal-induced neurotoxicity such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and Wilson’s disease. In our review, we describe physical (e.g., virtual-reality environments, robotic-assists training) and psychological (cognitive training, cognitive stimulation, neuropsychological rehabilitation and cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies) methods, significantly improving the quality of life and independence of patients associated with storage diseases. Storage diseases are a diverse group of hereditary metabolic defects characterized by the abnormal cumulation of storage material in cells. This topic is being addressed due to the fact that rehabilitation plays a vital role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately so far there are no specific guidelines concerning physiotherapy in neurodegenerative disorders, especially in regards to duration of exercise, type of exercise and intensity, as well as frequency of exercise. This is in part due to the variety of symptoms of these diseases and the various levels of disease progression. This further proves the need for more research to be carried out on the role of exercise in neurodegenerative disorder treatment.
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Li Y, Steinberg J, Coleman Z, Wang S, Subramanian C, Li Y, Patay Z, Akers W, Rock CO, Jackowski S, Bagga P. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy detects cerebral metabolic derangement in a mouse model of brain coenzyme a deficiency. J Transl Med 2022; 20:103. [PMID: 35197056 PMCID: PMC8867880 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pantothenate kinase (PANK) is the first and rate-controlling enzymatic step in the only pathway for cellular coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. PANK-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), formerly known as Hallervorden–Spatz disease, is a rare, life-threatening neurologic disorder that affects the CNS and arises from mutations in the human PANK2 gene. Pantazines, a class of small molecules containing the pantazine moiety, yield promising therapeutic effects in an animal model of brain CoA deficiency. A reliable technique to identify the neurometabolic effects of PANK dysfunction and to monitor therapeutic responses is needed. Methods We applied 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the newly developed Pantazine BBP-671. Results 1H MRS reliably quantified changes in cerebral metabolites, including glutamate/glutamine, lactate, and N-acetyl aspartate in a neuronal Pank1 and Pank2 double-knockout (SynCre+Pank1,2 dKO) mouse model of brain CoA deficiency. The neuronal SynCre+Pank1,2 dKO mice had distinct decreases in Glx/tCr, NAA/tCr, and lactate/tCr ratios compared to the wildtype matched control mice that increased in response to BBP-671 treatment. Conclusions BBP-671 treatment completely restored glutamate/glutamine levels in the brains of the mouse model, suggesting that these metabolites are promising clinically translatable biomarkers for future therapeutic trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03304-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Steinberg
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics (CIVIT), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shubo Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zoltan Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Walter Akers
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Jackowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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5
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Munshi MI, Yao SJ, Ben Mamoun C. Redesigning therapies for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101577. [PMID: 35041826 PMCID: PMC8861153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an incurable rare genetic disorder of children and young adults caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene, which encodes an enzyme critical for the biosynthesis of Coenzyme A. Although PKAN affects only a small number of patients, it shares several hallmarks of more common neurodegenerative diseases of older adults such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Advances in etiological understanding and treatment of PKAN could therefore have implications for our understanding of more common diseases and may shed new lights on the physiological importance of Coenzyme A, a cofactor critical for the operation of various cellular metabolic processes. The large body of knowledge which accumulated over the years around PKAN pathology, including but not limited to studies of various PKAN models and therapies, has contributed not only to progress in our understanding of the disease, but as importantly, to the crystallization of key questions that guide future investigations of the disease. In this Review, we will summarize this knowledge and demonstrate how it forms the backdrop to new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I Munshi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah J Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Coenzyme a Biochemistry: From Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081031. [PMID: 34439650 PMCID: PMC8392065 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor in all living organisms. It is involved in a large number of biochemical processes functioning either as an activator of molecules with carbonyl groups or as a carrier of acyl moieties. Together with its thioester derivatives, it plays a central role in cell metabolism, post-translational modification, and gene expression. Furthermore, recent studies revealed a role for CoA in the redox regulation by the S-thiolation of cysteine residues in cellular proteins. The intracellular concentration and distribution in different cellular compartments of CoA and its derivatives are controlled by several extracellular stimuli such as nutrients, hormones, metabolites, and cellular stresses. Perturbations of the biosynthesis and homeostasis of CoA and/or acyl-CoA are connected with several pathological conditions, including cancer, myopathies, and cardiomyopathies. In the most recent years, defects in genes involved in CoA production and distribution have been found in patients affected by rare forms of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant aspects of CoA cellular metabolism, their role in the pathogenesis of selected neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and recent advancements in the search for therapeutic approaches for such diseases.
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7
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Hinarejos I, Machuca C, Sancho P, Espinós C. Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101020. [PMID: 33092153 PMCID: PMC7589120 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndromes of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) encompass a group of invalidating and progressive rare diseases that share the abnormal accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia. The onset of NBIA disorders ranges from infancy to adulthood. Main clinical signs are related to extrapyramidal features (dystonia, parkinsonism and choreoathetosis), and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Ten NBIA forms are widely accepted to be caused by mutations in the genes PANK2, PLA2G6, WDR45, C19ORF12, FA2H, ATP13A2, COASY, FTL1, CP, and DCAF17. Nonetheless, many patients remain without a conclusive genetic diagnosis, which shows that there must be additional as yet undiscovered NBIA genes. In line with this, isolated cases of known monogenic disorders, and also, new genetic diseases, which present with abnormal brain iron phenotypes compatible with NBIA, have been described. Several pathways are involved in NBIA syndromes: iron and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and autophagy. However, many neurodegenerative conditions share features such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, given the bioenergetics requirements of neurons. This review aims to describe the existing link between the classical ten NBIA forms by examining their connection with mitochondrial impairment as well as oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hinarejos
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (I.H.); (C.M.); (P.S.)
- Rare Diseases Joint Units, CIPF-IIS La Fe & INCLIVA, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Candela Machuca
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (I.H.); (C.M.); (P.S.)
- Rare Diseases Joint Units, CIPF-IIS La Fe & INCLIVA, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Unit of Stem Cells Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Sancho
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (I.H.); (C.M.); (P.S.)
- Rare Diseases Joint Units, CIPF-IIS La Fe & INCLIVA, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; (I.H.); (C.M.); (P.S.)
- Rare Diseases Joint Units, CIPF-IIS La Fe & INCLIVA, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-289-680
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Subramanian C, Yao J, Frank MW, Rock CO, Jackowski S. A pantothenate kinase-deficient mouse model reveals a gene expression program associated with brain coenzyme a reduction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165663. [PMID: 31918006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase (PanK) is the first enzyme in the coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthetic pathway. The differential expression of the four-active mammalian PanK isoforms regulates CoA levels in different tissues and PANK2 mutations lead to Pantothenate Kinase Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN). The molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie PKAN pathophysiology are investigated in a mouse model of CoA deficiency in the central nervous system (CNS). Both PanK1 and PanK2 contribute to brain CoA levels in mice and so a mouse model with a systemic deletion of Pank1 together with neuronal deletion of Pank2 was generated. Neuronal Pank2 expression in double knockout mice decreased starting at P9-11 triggering a significant brain CoA deficiency. The depressed brain CoA in the mice correlates with abnormal forelimb flexing and weakness that, in turn, contributes to reduced locomotion and abnormal gait. Biochemical analysis reveals a reduction in short-chain acyl-CoAs, including acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. Comparative gene expression analysis reveals that the CoA deficiency in brain is associated with a large elevation of Hif3a transcript expression and significant reduction of gene transcripts in heme and hemoglobin synthesis. Reduction of brain heme levels is associated with the CoA deficiency. The data suggest a response to oxygen/glucose deprivation and indicate a disruption of oxidative metabolism arising from a CoA deficiency in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiangwei Yao
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Matthew W Frank
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Charles O Rock
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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9
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Jeong SY, Hogarth P, Placzek A, Gregory AM, Fox R, Zhen D, Hamada J, van der Zwaag M, Lambrechts R, Jin H, Nilsen A, Cobb J, Pham T, Gray N, Ralle M, Duffy M, Schwanemann L, Rai P, Freed A, Wakeman K, Woltjer RL, Sibon OCM, Hayflick SJ. 4'-Phosphopantetheine corrects CoA, iron, and dopamine metabolic defects in mammalian models of PKAN. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10489. [PMID: 31660701 PMCID: PMC6895607 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an inborn error of CoA metabolism causing dystonia, parkinsonism, and brain iron accumulation. Lack of a good mammalian model has impeded studies of pathogenesis and development of rational therapeutics. We took a new approach to investigating an existing mouse mutant of Pank2 and found that isolating the disease-vulnerable brain revealed regional perturbations in CoA metabolism, iron homeostasis, and dopamine metabolism and functional defects in complex I and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Feeding mice a CoA pathway intermediate, 4'-phosphopantetheine, normalized levels of the CoA-, iron-, and dopamine-related biomarkers as well as activities of mitochondrial enzymes. Human cell changes also were recovered by 4'-phosphopantetheine. We can mechanistically link a defect in CoA metabolism to these secondary effects via the activation of mitochondrial acyl carrier protein, which is essential to oxidative phosphorylation, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis. We demonstrate the fidelity of our model in recapitulating features of the human disease. Moreover, we identify pharmacodynamic biomarkers, provide insights into disease pathogenesis, and offer evidence for 4'-phosphopantetheine as a candidate therapeutic for PKAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Penelope Hogarth
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Andrew Placzek
- Medicinal Chemistry CoreOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Allison M Gregory
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Rachel Fox
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Dolly Zhen
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Jeffrey Hamada
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Roald Lambrechts
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Haihong Jin
- Medicinal Chemistry CoreOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medicinal Chemistry CoreOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Jared Cobb
- Department of PathologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Thao Pham
- Department of PathologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Nora Gray
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Megan Duffy
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Leila Schwanemann
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Puneet Rai
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Alison Freed
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Katrina Wakeman
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of PathologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Ody CM Sibon
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular & Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of PediatricsOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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10
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Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update. II. Hyperkinetic disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:997-1027. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Jackowski S. Proposed Therapies for Pantothenate-Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519851118. [PMID: 31205425 PMCID: PMC6537486 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519851118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple approaches to therapy have been proposed for the rare inherited neurodegenerative disease associated with mutations in the PANK2 gene, called pantothenate-kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN). Penetration of the blood-brain barrier for treatment of a central nervous system (CNS) disorder is a major challenge in drug discovery. Evaluation of the biochemistry and medicinal chemistry of the proposed therapies reveals potential liabilities among several compounds under consideration for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jackowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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12
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Wang W, Li X, Yao X, Cheng X, Zhu Y. The characteristics analysis of intestinal microecology on cerebral infarction patients and its correlation with apolipoprotein E. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12805. [PMID: 30313111 PMCID: PMC6203518 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction (CI) is associated with high rates of disability, mortality, and death in China, but its mechanism is unclear. Therefore, early diagnosis of CI and determining its mechanism are very important. Intestinal microecology is thought to be related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We hypothesized that intestinal microecology is also related to CI and that the intestinal microecology in the stool of CI patients differs from that in healthy people.Fecal samples of healthy subjects and CI patient (all n = 10) and we investigated the intestinal microecology of CI patient and healthy people stool by 16 seconds sequencing and analyzed relative abundance and diversity of microorganisms by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean analysis (UPGMA) and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA). We also measured apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels in the serum by ELISA assay and analyzed the correlation between ApoE and intestinal flora.We found that the relative structure and diversity of intestinal microecology was significantly different between the stools of CI patients and healthy people. At the class level, Gammaproteobacteria was increased and Bacteroidia was decreased in CI patient stool. We found a correlation between ApoE in the serum and Bacteroidia and Gammaproteobacteria species.We considered the intestinal flora can be used as an indicator of CI and the up-regulation of ApoE may be the potential mediate for intestinal microecology contribute to CI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vessels and Neural degenerative disease, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
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13
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Pagani F, Trivedi A, Khatri D, Zizioli D, Garrafa E, Mitola S, Finazzi D. Silencing of pantothenate kinase 2 reduces endothelial cell angiogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4739-4746. [PMID: 30221726 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor of cellular metabolism that is involved in ~4% of cellular reactions. Its de novo production relies on five subsequent enzymatic steps, starting with the phosphorylation of vitamin B5. Pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) and coenzyme A synthase (COASY) catalyze the first and last steps of this pathway. Mutations in these genes lead to severe and progressive movement disorders, with neurodegeneration and iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, known as PANK2‑ and COASY protein‑associated neurodegeneration, respectively. Given the ubiquitous role of CoA in cellular metabolism, it is still not clear why patients carrying PANK2 and COASY mutations develop almost exclusively neurological symptoms. Important clues are the energetic profile of neural cells as well as the high levels of PANK2 expression in the brain; however, other features may contribute to this selective tissue vulnerability. Notably, when pank2 or coasy expression was suppressed in zebrafish evident perturbation of neuronal development was observed, as well as severe defects in vasculature formation. Supplementation of CoA to fish water prevented the appearance of the phenotype, thereby confirming the specific connection with the availability of the metabolic cofactor. The present study investigated the associations between PANK2 defects and angiogenesis in a mammalian setting, and revealed that PANK2 expression was required for normal angiogenetic properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagani
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Akansha Trivedi
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Deepak Khatri
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dario Finazzi
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
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Dusek P, Schneider SA, Aaseth J. Iron chelation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:81-92. [PMID: 27033472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance of cerebral iron regulation is almost universal in neurodegenerative disorders. There is a growing body of evidence that increased iron deposits may contribute to degenerative changes. Thus, the effect of iron chelation therapy has been investigated in many neurological disorders including rare genetic syndromes with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation as well as common sporadic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of iron in the etiology of neurodegeneration. Outcomes of studies investigating the effect of iron chelation therapy in neurodegenerative disorders are systematically presented in tables. Iron chelators, particularly the blood brain barrier-crossing compound deferiprone, are capable of decreasing cerebral iron in areas with abnormally high concentrations as documented by MRI. Yet, currently, there is no compelling evidence of the clinical effect of iron removal therapy on any neurological disorder. However, several studies indicate that it may prevent or slow down disease progression of several disorders such as aceruloplasminemia, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration or Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger, Norway; Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway
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