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Larsen LJ, Møller LB. Crosstalk of Hedgehog and mTORC1 Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102316. [PMID: 33081032 PMCID: PMC7603200 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and mTOR signaling, essential for embryonic development and cellular metabolism, are both coordinated by the primary cilium. Observations from cancer cells strongly indicate crosstalk between Hh and mTOR signaling. This hypothesis is supported by several studies: Evidence points to a TGFβ-mediated crosstalk; Increased PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity leads to increased Hh signaling through regulation of the GLI transcription factors; increased Hh signaling regulates mTORC1 activity positively by upregulating NKX2.2, leading to downregulation of negative mTOR regulators; GSK3 and AMPK are, as members of both signaling pathways, potentially important links between Hh and mTORC1 signaling; The kinase DYRK2 regulates Hh positively and mTORC1 signaling negatively. In contrast, both positive and negative regulation of Hh has been observed for DYRK1A and DYRK1B, which both regulate mTORC1 signaling positively. Based on crosstalk observed between cilia, Hh, and mTORC1, we suggest that the interaction between Hh and mTORC1 is more widespread than it appears from our current knowledge. Although many studies focusing on crosstalk have been carried out, contradictory observations appear and the interplay involving multiple partners is far from solved.
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Rosengren T, Nanhoe S, de Almeida LGD, Schönewolf-Greulich B, Larsen LJ, Hey CAB, Dunø M, Ek J, Risom L, Nellist M, Møller LB. Mutational analysis of TSC1 and TSC2 in Danish patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9909. [PMID: 32555378 PMCID: PMC7303179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hamartomas in the skin and other organs, including brain, heart, lung, kidney and bones. TSC is caused by mutations in TSC1 and TSC2. Here, we present the TSC1 and TSC2 variants identified in 168 Danish individuals out of a cohort of 327 individuals suspected of TSC. A total of 137 predicted pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified: 33 different TSC1 variants in 42 patients, and 104 different TSC2 variants in 126 patients. In 40 cases (24%), the identified predicted pathogenic variant had not been described previously. In total, 33 novel variants in TSC2 and 7 novel variants in TSC1 were identified. To assist in the classification of 11 TSC2 variants, we investigated the effects of these variants in an in vitro functional assay. Based on the functional results, as well as population and genetic data, we classified 8 variants as likely to be pathogenic and 3 as likely to be benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rosengren
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Santoesha Nanhoe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Gustavo Dufner de Almeida
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bitten Schönewolf-Greulich
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Lasse Jonsgaard Larsen
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Caroline Amalie Brunbjerg Hey
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Morten Dunø
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Jakob Ek
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Lotte Risom
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark
| | - Mark Nellist
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisbeth Birk Møller
- Clinical Genetics Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet. Address 1: Kennedy Center, Gl landevej 7, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. Address 2: 4062, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Østerbro, Denmark.
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