Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases. XIV. Metabolic kidney diseases

Extrarenal manifestations in inherited kidney diseases

Monogenic kidney diseases result from an abundance of potential genes carrying pathogenic variants. These conditions are primarily recognized for manifesting as kidney disorders, defined as an impairment of the structure and/or function of the kidneys. However, the impact of these genetic disorders extends far beyond the kidneys, giving rise to a diverse spectrum of extrarenal manifestations. These manifestations can affect any organ system throughout the body, leading to a complex clinical presentation that demands a comprehensive understanding and interdisciplinary management of affected persons. The intricate interplay between genetic variants, molecular pathways, and systemic interactions underscores the importance of exploring the extrarenal aspects of inherited kidney diseases. This exploration not only deepens our comprehension of the diseases themselves but also opens avenues for more holistic diagnostics, treatment strategies, and improved interdisciplinary patient care. This article delves into the intricate realm of extrarenal manifestations in inherited kidney diseases, shedding light on the far-reaching effects that these genetic conditions can exert beyond the confines of the kidney system.

Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic disease. XVI. Hematological abnormalities

Many classical inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) are associated with significant hematological complications such as anemia or thrombosis. While these may not be the prominent presenting feature of these conditions, management of these issues is important for optimal outcomes in people with IMDs. Some disorders that are included in the nosology of inherited metabolic disorders, such as inherited disorders of red cell energy metabolism, have purely hematological features, and have typically been cared for by a hematologist. In the 16th issue of the Footprints series, we identified 265 IMDs associated with hematological abnormalities. We review the major hematological manifestations of IMDs, suggest further investigation of hematological findings, and discuss treatment options available for specific hematological complications of IMDs.