1
|
Cao Z, He X, Wang D, Gu M, Suo F, Qiang R, Zhang R, Song C, Wang X, Zhu B, Cao D, Yu H, Qu Y, Shen G, Wu J, Wang P, Wang J, Zhang H, Yan Z, Yu G, Zou L. Targeted exome sequencing strategy (NeoEXOME) for Chinese newborns using a pilot study with 3423 neonates. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2357. [PMID: 38284445 PMCID: PMC10795095 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn screening (NBS) aims to detect congenital anomalies, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has shown promise in this aspect. However, the NBS strategy for monogenic inherited diseases in China remains insufficient. METHODS We developed a NeoEXOME panel comprising 601 genes that are relevant to the Chinese population found through extensive research on available databases. An interpretation system to grade the results into positive (high-risk, moderate-risk, and low-risk genotypes), negative, and carrier according to the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) guidelines was also developed. We validated the panel to evaluate its efficacy by using data from the "1000 Genomes Project" and conducted a pilot multicenter study involving 3423 neonates. RESULTS The NGS positive rate in the 1000 Genomes Project was 7.6% (23/301), whereas the rate was 12.0% in the multicenter study, including 3249 recruited neonates. Notably, in 200 neonates, positive per conventional NBS, 58.5% (69/118) showed results consistent with NGS. In the remaining 3049 neonates showing negative results in conventional NBS, 271 (8.9%) were positive per NGS, and nine of them were clinically diagnosed with diseases in the follow-up. CONCLUSION We successfully designed a NeoEXOME panel for targeted sequencing of monogenic inherited diseases in NBS. The panel demonstrated high performance in the Chinese population, particularly for the early detection of diseases with no biochemical markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Cao
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Laboratory Medicine of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Dongjuan Wang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Laboratory Medicine of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Center of Medical GeneticsXuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalXuzhouChina
| | - Feng Suo
- Center of Medical GeneticsXuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalXuzhouChina
| | - Rong Qiang
- Center of Medical GeneticsNorthwest Women and Children's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Center of Medical GeneticsNorthwest Women and Children's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Chengrong Song
- Center of Medical GeneticsNorthwest Women and Children's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Center of Medical GeneticsInner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalHohhotChina
| | - Bo Zhu
- Center of Medical GeneticsInner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalHohhotChina
| | - Donghua Cao
- Medical Genetic LaboratoryDalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center (Group)DalianChina
- Genetic LaboratoryShenyang Jinghua Hospital Co., LtdShenyangChina
| | - Haihua Yu
- Medical Genetic LaboratoryDalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center (Group)DalianChina
| | - Yiping Qu
- Newborn Screening Center of Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Guosong Shen
- Medical Laboratory Center of Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalHuzhouChina
| | - Jian Wu
- Research and Development DepartmentMyGenostics Inc.BeijingChina
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Research and Development DepartmentMyGenostics Inc.BeijingChina
| | - Jinxia Wang
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zijun Yan
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Zou
- Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Children's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Center for Clinical Molecular Laboratory Medicine of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maron JL, Kingsmore S, Gelb BD, Vockley J, Wigby K, Bragg J, Stroustrup A, Poindexter B, Suhrie K, Kim JH, Diacovo T, Powell CM, Trembath A, Guidugli L, Ellsworth KA, Reed D, Kurfiss A, Breeze JL, Trinquart L, Davis JM. Rapid Whole-Genomic Sequencing and a Targeted Neonatal Gene Panel in Infants With a Suspected Genetic Disorder. JAMA 2023; 330:161-169. [PMID: 37432431 PMCID: PMC10336625 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance Genomic testing in infancy guides medical decisions and can improve health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether genomic sequencing or a targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test provides comparable molecular diagnostic yields and times to return of results. Objective To compare outcomes of genomic sequencing with those of a targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test. Design, Setting, and Participants The Genomic Medicine for Ill Neonates and Infants (GEMINI) study was a prospective, comparative, multicenter study of 400 hospitalized infants younger than 1 year of age (proband) and their parents, when available, suspected of having a genetic disorder. The study was conducted at 6 US hospitals from June 2019 to November 2021. Exposure Enrolled participants underwent simultaneous testing with genomic sequencing and a targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test. Each laboratory performed an independent interpretation of variants guided by knowledge of the patient's phenotype and returned results to the clinical care team. Change in clinical management, therapies offered, and redirection of care was provided to families based on genetic findings from either platform. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end points were molecular diagnostic yield (participants with ≥1 pathogenic variant or variant of unknown significance), time to return of results, and clinical utility (changes in patient care). Results A molecular diagnostic variant was identified in 51% of participants (n = 204; 297 variants identified with 134 being novel). Molecular diagnostic yield of genomic sequencing was 49% (95% CI, 44%-54%) vs 27% (95% CI, 23%-32%) with the targeted gene-sequencing test. Genomic sequencing did not report 19 variants found by the targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test; the targeted gene-sequencing test did not report 164 variants identified by genomic sequencing as diagnostic. Variants unidentified by the targeted genomic-sequencing test included structural variants longer than 1 kilobase (25.1%) and genes excluded from the test (24.6%) (McNemar odds ratio, 8.6 [95% CI, 5.4-14.7]). Variant interpretation by laboratories differed by 43%. Median time to return of results was 6.1 days for genomic sequencing and 4.2 days for the targeted genomic-sequencing test; for urgent cases (n = 107) the time was 3.3 days for genomic sequencing and 4.0 days for the targeted gene-sequencing test. Changes in clinical care affected 19% of participants, and 76% of clinicians viewed genomic testing as useful or very useful in clinical decision-making, irrespective of a diagnosis. Conclusions and Relevance The molecular diagnostic yield for genomic sequencing was higher than a targeted neonatal gene-sequencing test, but the time to return of routine results was slower. Interlaboratory variant interpretation contributes to differences in molecular diagnostic yield and may have important consequences for clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill L. Maron
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence
| | - Stephen Kingsmore
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jerry Vockley
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Wigby
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego
| | - Jennifer Bragg
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Annemarie Stroustrup
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children’s Medical Center at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, New York, New York
| | - Brenda Poindexter
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristen Suhrie
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indianapolis
| | - Jae H. Kim
- Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas Diacovo
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia M. Powell
- University of North Carolina Children’s Research Institute, University of North Carolina Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill
| | - Andrea Trembath
- University of North Carolina Children’s Research Institute, University of North Carolina Children’s Hospital, Chapel Hill
| | - Lucia Guidugli
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California
| | | | - Dallas Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Kurfiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janis L. Breeze
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan M. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, and Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rozensztrauch A, Dzien I, Śmigiel R. Health-Related Quality of Life and Family Functioning of Primary Caregivers of Children with Menkes Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051769. [PMID: 36902556 PMCID: PMC10003328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menkes disease (MD; OMIM #309400) is a progressive neurodegeneration that results from abnormalities in the copper metabolism which are already present before birth. It is an extremely rare condition. The study was conducted to assess the quality of life of children with MD syndrome and the impact of the disease on family functioning. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used. The subjects were 16 parents of children with MD. The method used was the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory and the PedsQL Family Impact Module and the author's own questionnaire. RESULTS Quality of life (QOL) was 29.14 (SD = 14.73), with the lowest for physical functioning (M = 10.55; SD = 10.26) and highest for emotional functioning (M = 48.13; SD = 29.43). The highest score was on the family relationships domain (M = 56.25, SD = 20.38) and the cognitive functioning domain (M = 50.00, SD = 19.24) and the lowest was on the daily activities' domain (M = 32.29, SD = 20.38) and the physical functioning domain (M = 39.84, SD = 14.90). The analysis did not show statistically significant relationships between age (p = 0.193) and the number of epileptic seizures a week (p = 0.641) and the overall QOL of the children studied. No statistically significant relationships were found between treatment with copper histidine and the overall QOL of the children (p = 0.914) and in physical functioning (p = 0.927), emotional functioning (p = 0.706), and social functioning (p = 0.751). The presence of comorbidities did not have an influence on the overall QOL. CONCLUSIONS MD has a moderate impact on the functioning of the families of the affected children. The age of the child, number of epileptic seizures a week, feeding method (oral feeding or feeding via a PEG tube), and treatment with copper histidine do not have a significant impact on the QOL of children with MD.
Collapse
|
4
|
Fujisawa C, Kodama H, Sato Y, Mimaki M, Yagi M, Awano H, Matsuo M, Shintaku H, Yoshida S, Takayanagi M, Kubota M, Takahashi A, Akasaka Y. Early clinical signs and treatment of Menkes disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100849. [PMID: 35242581 PMCID: PMC8861833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Menkes disease (MD) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in ATP7A. Patients with MD exhibit severe neurological and connective tissue disorders due to copper deficiency and typically die before 3 years of age. Early treatment with copper injections during the neonatal period, before the occurrence of neurological symptoms, can alleviate neurological disturbances to some degree. We investigated whether early symptoms can help in the early diagnosis of MD. Abnormal hair growth, prolonged jaundice, and feeding difficulties were observed during the neonatal period in 20 of 69, 16 of 67, and 3 of 18 patients, respectively. Only three patients visited a physician during the neonatal period; MD diagnosis was not made at that point. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.7 months. Seven patients, who were diagnosed in the prenatal stage or soon after birth, as they had a family history of MD, received early treatment. No diagnosis was made based on early symptoms, highlighting the difficulty in diagnosing MD based on symptoms observed during the neonatal period. Patients who received early treatment lived longer than their elderly relatives with MD. Three patients could walk and did not have seizures. Therefore, effective newborn screening for MD should be prioritized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
- Department of Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Masakazu Mimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan
| | - Mariko Yagi
- Department of Childhood Development and Education, Faculty of Human Science, Konan Women's University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 658-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Muneaki Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka-City, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara-shi, Nara 630-8581, Japan
| | - Masaki Takayanagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba-shi, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kubota
- Department of General Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akihito Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Akasaka
- Unit of Regenerative Diseases Research, Division of Research Promotion and Development, Advanced Medical Research Center, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fingerhut R. The Editor's Choice for Issue 3, Volume 7. Int J Neonatal Screen 2021; 7:ijns7040084. [PMID: 34940054 PMCID: PMC8704320 DOI: 10.3390/ijns7040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dear Readers: Choosing one paper from a total of 28 papers published in the third issue of Volume 7 was quite a challenge [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Fingerhut
- SYNLAB MVZ Weiden, Zur Kesselschmiede 4, 92637 Weiden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wojcik MH, Zhang T, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Genetti CA, Lebo MS, Yu TW, Parad RB, Holm IA, Rehm HL, Beggs AH, Green RC, Agrawal PB. Discordant results between conventional newborn screening and genomic sequencing in the BabySeq Project. Genet Med 2021; 23:1372-1375. [PMID: 33772220 PMCID: PMC8263473 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Newborn screening (NBS) is performed to identify neonates at risk for actionable, severe, early-onset disorders, many of which are genetic. The BabySeq Project randomized neonates to receive conventional NBS or NBS plus exome sequencing (ES) capable of detecting sequence variants that may also diagnose monogenic disease or indicate genetic disease risk. We therefore evaluated how ES and conventional NBS results differ in this population. METHODS We compared results of NBS (including hearing screens) and ES for 159 infants in the BabySeq Project. Infants were considered "NBS positive" if any abnormal result was found indicating disease risk and "ES positive" if ES identified a monogenic disease risk or a genetic diagnosis. RESULTS Most infants (132/159, 84%) were NBS and ES negative. Only one infant was positive for the same disorder by both modalities. Nine infants were NBS positive/ES negative, though seven of these were subsequently determined to be false positives. Fifteen infants were ES positive/NBS negative, all of which represented risk of genetic conditions that are not included in NBS programs. No genetic explanation was identified for eight infants referred on the hearing screen. CONCLUSION These differences highlight the complementarity of information that may be gleaned from NBS and ES in the newborn period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ozge Ceyhan-Birsoy
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Lebo
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard B Parad
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Genetics), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ariadne Labs, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gohil VM. Repurposing elesclomol, an investigational drug for the treatment of copper metabolism disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 30:1-4. [PMID: 33081534 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1840550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|